DATA HANDLING

Data types in Python

1. Numbers: Number data types store numeric values.
There are three numeric types in Python:

➢ int
➢ float
➢ complex
Example:
w=1 # int
y = 2.8 # float
z = 1j # complex

2. Sequences

String: Sequence of characters represented in the quotation marks.

▪ Python allows for either pairs of single or double quotes. Example: 'hello' is the same
as "hello" .
>>> str1 = 'Hello Friend'
>>> str2 = "452"
List :List is a sequence of items separated by commas and the items are enclosed in
square brackets [ ].
Example
#To create a list
>>> list1 = [5, 3.4, "New Delhi", "20C", 45]
#print the elements of the list list1
>>> print(list1)
[5, 3.4, 'New Delhi', '20C', 45]

Basic Operators in Python:

i. Arithmetic Operators
ii. Relational Operator
iii. Logical Operators
iv. Assignment Operators
v. Other Special Operators
o Identity Operators
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i. Arithmetic Operators: To perform mathematical operations.

RESULT
OPERATOR NAME SYNTAX
(X=14, Y=4)

+ Addition x+y 18

_ Subtraction x–y 10

* Multiplication x*y 56

/ Division (float) x/y 3.5

// Division (floor) x // y 3

% Modulus x%y 2

** Exponent x**y 38416

+ >>> str1 = "Hello" # + is used to concatenate Strings

>>> str2 = "India"
>>> str1 + str2
'HelloIndia'

* >>> str1 = 'India' # * in string

>>> str1 * 2
'IndiaIndia'

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 ii. Relational Operators: Relational operators compare the values. It either
returns True or False according to the condition.

RESULT
OPERATOR NAME SYNTAX
(IF X=16, Y=42)

False
> Greater than x>y
True
< Less than x<y
False
== Equal to x == y
True
!= Not equal to x != y
False
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
True
<= Less than or equal to x <= y

iii. Logical operators: Logical operators perform Logical AND, Logical OR and Logical
NOT operations.

OPERATOR DESCRIPTION SYNTAX

and Logical AND: True if both the operands are true x and y
or Logical OR: True if either of the operands is true x or y
not Logical NOT: True if operand is false not x

Truth Tables

X Y X and Y
False False False
False True False
True False False
True True True

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 X Y X or Y
X not X
False False False
False True
False True True
True False
True False True
True True True

Examples of Logical Operator:

>>> 10>6 and 4<5

True
>>> 10>6 and 4>5
False
>>> 10>6 or 4>5
True
>>> not(10>6 or 4>5)
False
iv. Assignment operators: Assignment operators are used to assign values to the variables.

DESCRIPTION SYNTAX
OPERA
TOR
Assign value of right side of expression to left side operand x=y
=
+z
Add AND: Add right side operand with left side operand and a+=b
+=
then assign to left operand a=a+b
Subtract AND: Subtract right operand from left operand and a-=b
-=
then assign to left operand a=a- b
Multiply AND: Multiply right operand with left operand and a*=b
*=
then assign to left operand a=a*b
Divide AND: Divide left operand with right operand and then a/=b
/=
assign to left operand a=a/b
Modulus AND: Takes modulus using left and right operands and a%=b
%=
assign result to left operand a=a%
b
Divide(floor) AND: Divide left operand with right operand and a//=b
//=
then assign the value(floor) to left operand a=a//b

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 Exponent AND: Calculate exponent(raise power) value using a**=b
**=
operands and assign value to left operand a=a**b

Operator Precedence and Associativity:

Operator Precedence: It describes the order in which operations are performed when an
expression is evaluated. Operators with higher precedence perform the operation first.

Note:For operators with equal precedence, the expression is evaluated from left to right.
** Exponent -Right to Left
Order of Operator Description
Precedence
1 ( ), { } Parentheses (grouping)
2 ** Exponent
3 +x, -x Positive, negative
4 *, /, % Product, division, remainder
5 +, – Addition, subtraction
6 <=, <, >, >= Comparisons
7 =, %=, /=, += Assignment
8 not Boolean NOT
9 and Boolean AND
10 or Boolean OR

Expressions
An expression is defined as a combination of constants, variables, and operators.
An expression always evaluates to a value.. Some examples of valid expressions
are given below.
(i) 3.0 + 3.14 (ii) 23//3 -5 * 7 +14 -2 (iii) "Global" + "Citizen"
Evaluate the following expressions:
1. 12+3*4-6/2 = 12+ 12- 3.0= 21.0
2. (12+3)*4- 6/2
3. 12+3*(4-6)/2
4. 12*3%5+2*6//4
5. 12+ (3*4-6)/3
6. (2+3)**2 - 6/2

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