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7 views3 pages

Statistics 8

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tsirixx
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Stella Matutina Academy of Bukidnon, Inc.

Kibawe, Bukidnon

STATISTICS & PROBABILITY


Grade 11
Second Semester

Activity Number: 2.2


I. Lesson Title: Testing Hypothesis (Level of Significance)
II. Objectives: At the end of the session, the students can illustrate the level of significance in hypothesis testing by:
1. Discussing the concept of level of significance in the context of hypothesis testing;
2. Sharing the relevance of level of significance in scientific inquiry; and
3. Applying the concept of level of significance for a given research question.
III. Reference/s:https://depedtambayan.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Statistics-and-Probability_q4_mod1_Testing-Hypothesis-V2.pdf
IV. Values: Understanding
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Motivation
Activity: Let’s Check
Directions: Identify the region where of the given value falls.

1. t=1.95 _____________________________
2. t=0.15 _____________________________
3. t=−1.45 _____________________________
4. t=−2.4 _____________________________
5. t=2.73 _____________________________

II. INTERACTION
B. Concept Notes

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS USED IN TEST HYPOTHESIS


Level of Significance
 The level of significance denoted by alpha or 𝛂 refers to the degree of significance in which we accept or reject the null
hypothesis.
 100% accuracy is not possible in accepting or rejecting a hypothesis.
 The significance level α is also the probability of making the wrong decision when the null hypothesis is true.
 In public health research, alpha is usually 0.01 or 1%. In social science, alpha is usually 0.05 0r 5% and 0.10 or 10% in other
studies.
 This implies that there is 1%, 5%, or 10% probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.

 In symbol, it is written as: α =0.01 ; α =0.05 ;∨α =0.10


α α α
 If the alternative hypothesis used ≠ , then alpha will be divided by 2: =0.005; =0.025∨ =0.05
2 2 2
EXAMPLE:
Maria uses 5% level of significance in proving that there is no significant change in the average number of enrollees in the 10 sections for
the last two years. It means that the chance that the null hypothesis ( H 0 ) would be rejected when it is true is 5%.

EXAMPLE QUESTION:
If Sofia used a 0.10 level of significance, what are the chances that she would have a wrong conclusion if the two values have no significant
difference?

Two-Tailed Test vs. One-Tailed Test


 When the alternative hypothesis is two-sided like H a : μ ≠ μ 0, it is called two-tailed test.
 When the given statistics hypothesis assumes a less than or greater than value, it is called one-tailed test.
EXAMPLE:
The school registrar believes that the average number of enrollees this school year is not the same as the previous school year. In the
situation, let μ0 be the average number of enrollees last year.
H 0 : μ=μ 0
H a : μ ≠ μ0

However, if the school registrar believes that the average number of enrollees this school year is less than the previous school year, then
you will have:
H 0 : μ=μ 0
H a : μ< μ0

On the other hand, if the school registrar believes that the average number of enrollees this school year is greater than the previous school
year, then you will have:
H 0 : μ=μ 0
H a : μ> μ0

Now back to the two claims of Sofia, what do you think should be the type of test in her following claims?
Claim A: The average daily usage of social media of her friends is the same as the global average usage.
Claim B: The average daily usage of social media of her friends is higher than the global average usage.

C. Individual Practice
Exercise: Let’s Try
Directions: Determine if one-tailed test or two-tailed test fits the given alternative hypothesis.
1. The mean height of Grade 12 students is less than 66 inches.
2. The standard deviation of their height is not equal to 5 inches.
3. Male Grade 7 and Grade 12 students differ in height on average.
4. The proportion of senior male students’ height is significantly higher than that of senior female students
5. The average grade of Grade 11 students in Statistics is lower than their average grade in Calculus.
6. The newly found vaccine reduces the risks of viral infections of the patients.
7. The enrolment in elementary schools is not the same as the enrolment in the secondary schools.
8. Male adolescents have higher intelligence quotient level than the female adolescents.
9. The average number of internet users this year is significantly higher as compared last year.
10. Paracetamol and Ibuprofen have the same rate of time to reduce the headache of the patients.

D. Collaborative Activity
Activity: Think-Pair-Share
Directions: Answer the following problems below. State the null and alternative hypothesis and categorize the hypotheses as right-tailed;
left-tailed or two-tailed test with illustration. Answer individually and then look for someone to discuss and check/evaluate your answer.
(30 points)

1. A sample of 100 private school learners were surveyed whether they planned to transfer to public school in the incoming school year.
Results showed that 40% of these learners will transfer to public school. Test the average number of private school learners that will
transfer to public school is not 40% at 5% level of significance.

2. An averages salesperson’s hourly rate pay in the Philippines is ₱62.50 with a standard deviation of ₱6.01. A random sample of 20
manufacturing workers were asked on their hourly rate and found out that they had an average of ₱50 hourly rate pay with a standard
deviation of ₱5. Construct a 90% confidence interval that the average hourly rate for construction workers is higher than the average hourly
rate for manufacturing workers.
3. The average number of years to finish basic education is 14. A sample of 30 SHS learners were asked and found out that the mean
number of years to finish their basic education is 12 with a standard deviation of 2 years. Test the hypothesis at 93% confidence interval
that the average number of years to finish basic education is less than 14 years.

III. INTEGRATION
"The null hypothesis is always assumed to be true until proven otherwise." - Unknown

E. Closure
How will you relate in real-life scenarios in explaining the importance of hypothesis testing? (10 points)

Prepared by:

ROEL PELARCA, LPT CHERRY ROSE EXCHAURE, LPT


Subject Teacher/ Subject Teacher
Mathematics Coordinator

NEILAN GALLUR, LPT CRISARAJANE DEQUITO, LPT


Subject Teacher Subject Teacher

Reviewed by:
JOHN PAUL C. PERCALES, LPT, MSc
SHS Principal

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