1. What is PC? Ans : A personal computer (PC) is a digital device designed for personal purposes, such as working, studying, gaming, and browsing the internet. 2. What is the use of input unit? Ans : It is used to provide data. It is used for interaction and control. Input unit like scanner is used to read an image and convert it into a digital file. 3. What happens to the data in the input unit? Ans : The data in the input device is sent to the CPU for further processing when a data is entered by the user through using the input devices 4. What is the use of memory? It is storing device. It stores programs and data, which is required by the CPU, and the results generated after processing. 5. What is ROM and RAM? RAM, which stands for random access memory, and ROM, which stands for read-only memory, are both present in your computer. 6. Classify various units of memory. In computers, memory is measured in units such as bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, 7. What is cache memory? Cache memory refers to high-speed memory. It is small but faster than RAM (the main memory). The CPU can access the cache comparatively more quickly than its primary memory. Thus, we use it to synchronize with a high-speed CPU and also to improve its overall performance. The cache memory (pronounced as cash) is placed in between the CPU and Main memory 8. What does MOUSE stand for ? MOUSE stands for “Mechanically Operated User Serial Engine” or “Manually Operated User Selection Equipment” 9. What is MICR? ICR is Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. MICR code (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Code) is a pattern recognition system used mostly by the bank industry to identify the document’s originality and to enable the processing and approval of cheques and other papers 10. Define the resolution of a monitor Monitor resolution describes the visual dimensions of any given display. Expressed in terms of width and height, monitor resolution is comprised of a specific number of pixels. In the case of a monitor with an industry-standard Full HD 1080p resolution, this display has a resolution of 1920 x 1080 11. What is use of speakers? A speaker is a device that converts electrical signals into sound waves. It allows you to hear audio output from various devices such as computers, smartphones, televisions, and music players. Two marks questions: 12. Compare input and output units. Difference between Input and Output devices Input Device Output Device
It is a hardware device and is used to key in the It is a hardware component, and it uses the data that is data, instructions or commands, into the computer has received from the computer to carry out a task
It can transfer data to another device, but cannot Can obtain data from another device and can also receive any from it produce output from it. However, cannot transfer data to another device
Necessary for the computer to receive user Required if a computer has to share its results. They also
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commands and data to process help to prompt the users for additional information and commands
These are user controlled Computer manages it
Complex coding is used Users need to only see the results and so are not required to learn the process
Examples: Keyboard, webcam, microphone, Examples: LCD Projection panels, printer, monitor, joystick and so on speaker and more
13. What is difference between volatile and non-volatile memory.
Volatile Memory Non-Volatile Memory
It is a temporary type of computer memory that stores It is a permanent type of computer memory that data and information only until it gets a continuous stores and retains the data even after a user turns the power supply. system off.
It can only retain data until there is a continuous power It retains data and info even after one turns the supply. power supply off.
Transferring data from a volatile memory is very easy. Transferring data from a non-volatile memory is very difficult.
The information and data in volatile memory are not The information and data in non-volatile memory permanent. are permanent unless deleted.
A volatile memory has a very low capacity. A non-volatile memory, like an HDD, has a very high capacity.
A few common examples include the cache, RAM of A few common examples are optical storage discs, the computer, etc. hard discs, secondary storage like ROM, flash memory, etc.
14. Compare static and dynamic Ram
SRAM DRAM
Static random-access memory is a specific type of memory Dynamic random-access memory is a type of RAM that of a semiconductor. It makes use of bistable latching serves as storage for every data bit within another circuitry to store every bit of data. SRAM is static. A user capacitor in any given IC (integrated circuit). does not have to refresh it periodically for it to perform.
The general application areas of an SRAM are the L3 and The DRAM works as the main memory in the computers L2 cache units in the CPU. (for example, DDR3).
SRAM typically has a storage capacity of 1 MB- 16 MB. DRAM has a usual capacity of 1 GB0 2GB, commonly found in tablets and smartphones. In most laptops, its storage capacity can be up to 4 GB- 16GB.
SRAM usually has a smaller size of storage. The storage capacity of DRAM is comparatively larger.
SRAM stays in the form of on-chip memory. The access DRAM possesses the characteristics of off-chip memory. time is lesser than DRAM. Thus, it is comparatively faster. The substantial access time is more than SRAM, and thus, it is slower.
SRAM is less cost-effective and more expensive than DRAM is available at a reasonable price. It is more cost-
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DRAM. effective.
Since SRAM has a single block of memory, including six A single transistor can form a memory block with only a transistors becomes necessary. single transistor.
15. Give different types of ROM.
There are 3 types of ROM o EDO RAM (Extended data output RAM) o SRAM ( Static RAM) o DDR RAM ( Double Data Rate RAM) 16. Explain the different types of keyboard. There are 5 types of Keyboard 1. Standard keyboard 2. Ergonomics 3. Wireless keyboard 4. Virtual keyboard 5. Compact keyboard 17. Give the difference between hard copy and soft copy. Hard Copy Soft Copy
One can easily touch a hard copy because it is a One cannot touch a soft copy because it physical document- received on any tangible medium is a virtual document- intangible but easy like paper or flex. to look at on a computer screen.
Hard copies are physically written or printed copies on Soft copies constitute the electronically paper. saved documents.
A hard copy stores data and information in the form of A soft copy has data and information in physical files- it may be images, texts, photographs, and the form of virtual files saved on a more. computer or a drive.
It is a temporary copy. It is a permanent copy.
Hard copy mostly stores official information. Soft copy mostly stores private information.
A few examples of hard copies include various A few examples of soft copies include documents like official letters, job advertisements, XLX files, PDF files, Word documents, attested degrees, business contracts, property papers, Presentation files, Scanned copies of a paperback editions of magazines, books, etc. hard copy document.
18. Explain different types of printers.
The two main types of printer namely; 1.Impact Printers Line printer Dot Matrix Printer 2. Non Impact Printers. Thermal Printer Laser Printer Inkjet Printer
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19. Explain the structure of CD-ROM. Physically, the standard compact disc is a disc made of clear polycarbonate plastic, coated with a reflective metal, and a protective coat of clear lacquer. Data is placed on the CD- ROM in the form of small pits recorded in a spiral track starting at the center of the CD- ROM and working to the outer edge. The standard CD-ROM can hold up to 74 minutes (about 680 Megabytes) of data, uncompressed. This is roughly equivalent to 300,000 typewritten pages. Along with the data, error detection and correction codes are also recorded on the disc. Three marks questions: 20. Write the difference between ROM and RAM. RAM ROM RAM stands for Random Access Memory ROM stands for Read-Only Memory
RAM allows the computer to read data ROM stores the program required to quickly to run applications. It allows initially boot the computer. It only reading and writing. allows reading. RAM is volatile i.e. its contents are It is non-volatile i.e. its contents are lost when the device is powered off. retained even when the device is powered off. The two main types of RAM are static The types of ROM include PROM, RAM and dynamic RAM. EPROM and EEPROM 21. Give the applications of OCR, OMR, and MICR. 1. OCR : It is used to read the cheque numbers in the banks arid millions of magazines and letters are sorted every day by OCR machines. 2. MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader enables special characters printed in magnetic ink to be read and input rapidly to a computer. 3-OMR - A common OMR application is the use of “oval sheets” for multiple-choice tests used by schools and colleges 22. Explain impact and non-impact printers in detail. Impact Printer Non-Impact Printer
Impact printers create pictures and figures by hitting a Non-impact printers create figures and pictures without device such as a wheel or a print hammer against an any connection between the printing device and the inked ribbon. paper.
In impact printers, printing is executed by hammering a In non-impact printers, printing is executed by
character dye or metal pin. dropping ink on paper in any manner.
Impact printers are low in terms of speed. Non-impact printers are comparatively fast in speed. They can print several pages in one minute.
They produce high-level noise as they have many They have a low level of noise. moving parts.
Impact printers generally utilize hammers, pins, or Non-impact printers use a spray of ink, laser, or heat wheels to hit against an inked ribbon to print on paper. and pressure to execute their printing operation.
The print quality of impact printers is lower. The print quality of non-impact printers is higher.
When print head strikes, then they prefer special inked They prefer cartridges or toner for printing on paper. ribbons to produce print on paper.
They utilize traditional printing technologies. They utilize contemporary printing technologies.
They are pretty affordable. They are quite expensive as compared to impact printers.
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23. Explain the storage medium in detail. Storage media refers to the physical media or hardware used to store digital or electronic data. A storage medium makes data retrievable whenever necessary while keeping it secure. This can be anything from an SD card in your camera to a hard drive in your computer. There are three main categories of storage devices: optical, magnetic and semiconductor. The earliest of these was the magnetic device. Hard disk drives (HDD) are the most popular data storage devices for home and business users. Hard drives are portable and affordable storage devices. They are available in different shapes and sizes with storage capacities ranging from megabytes to terabytes. Storage media are things like CD ROM, DVD ROM, DAT tape, DLT tape, disk drives, SSD, flash drive, Compact Flash, Cassette Tape Five marks questions: 24. Explain input unit in detail. The input unit of a computer refers to the input device, which is the hardware used to receive data from humans. Input devices convert data by humans into a form that is understandable by computers. Examples of input units are a mouse, joystick, keyboard, scanner, etc. An input device is used to feed data into computer. Input devices are capable of converting data into a form which can be recognized by computer. A computer has several input device namely, Keyboard, Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Scanner, Light pen, Bar Code Reader, OCR, OMR, MICR etc. The device used to accept the data and instructions from the user is called input device 25. Explain output in detail. When the data and instruction are fed into the computer and processed the next step is get the desired output. This output may be displayed on the monitor or printed on the computer. The output displayed on the monitor is called soft copy output. The output produced on a computer is called hard copy output. The device that displays output to the user is called output device. Example : Monitor, Printer 26. Illustrate the latest configuration of computers for today. Minimum Standard Configuration
Intel i5 8th Gen / AMD Ryzen 5 2nd Gen
8 GB RAM minimum 500 GB solid state (SSD) hard drive minimum Web camera. Network: 10/100/1000 BASE-T Ethernet Wireless: 802.11 g/n dual band (2.4/5.0 GHz) Laptop Security Cable Lock (highly recommended for resident students) Windows 10 Professional/ Windows 11 / MacOS 12 or higher
Recommended Configuration
Intel i5 11th Gen / AMD Ryzen 5 4th Gen or greater
16 GB RAM 1 TB solid state (SSD) hard drive or larger Web camera Network: 10/100/1000 BASE-T Ethernet Wireless: 802.1x n/ac/ax (2.4/5.0/6.0 GHz) Laptop Security Cable Lock (highly recommended for Resident students) Windows 10 Professional / Windows 11 / MacOS 13 or higher
