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Manual Calculation Load Flow Basic

This document provides calculations to determine fault currents for a power grid system consisting of a 400kV grid, 100MVA transformer, and 100km transmission line. It gives input data for each component and shows calculations of impedances and fault currents when faults occur at different points in the system.

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luhusapa
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21 views5 pages

Manual Calculation Load Flow Basic

This document provides calculations to determine fault currents for a power grid system consisting of a 400kV grid, 100MVA transformer, and 100km transmission line. It gives input data for each component and shows calculations of impedances and fault currents when faults occur at different points in the system.

Uploaded by

luhusapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grid, Transformer, Transmission Lines

Manual Calculations

Grid Input Data

Grid Voltage = 400 KV

Max 3ph fault Voltage = 40 KA

Max 1ph fault Voltage = 40 KA

X/R ratio of 3ph = 14

X/R ratio of 1ph = 14

MVAb = 100

1
To Find;

If = I base * Ipu * C factor

Ipu = Vpu / Zpu

Zpu = Z actual / Z base

Zpu = (KVa2/MVAa)*( KVb2/MVAb)

Zpu = MVAb/MVAa

MVAa = √3*V*Isc

= √3*400*40

MVAa = 27712.8129 MVA

Zpu = 100/27712.8129

Zpu = 0.003608439185 p. u

Z1 grid = 0.00360843917 p. u

Transformer Input Data

MVAb = 100 MVA

HV Voltage = 400 KV

LV Voltage = 110 Kv

Power Rating = 80 MVA

Impedance = 12.5 %

Reactance = 12.497 %

Resistance = 0.278 %

2
To Find;

K = MVAb/MVAa = 100/80

K = 1.25

%X = 12.497 * 1.25 %X = 15.6213 %

%R = 0.278 * 1.25 %R = 0.3475 %

%Z = 1.25 / 12.5 %Z = 15.62511 %

(Usually When there is no X/R ratio given)

Kt = 0.95*[(C Max)/ (1+0.6* Xt)]

Kt = 0.95*[1.1 / (1+0.6* 0.1249)]

Kt = 0.9721093

Z1 transformer = Kt * %Z (new)

Z1 transformer = 0.9721093*15.62511

Z1 transformer = 15.18921%

Z1 transformer = 0.151895 p. u

When grid and transformer is connected in the system fault


on transformer LV bus bar.

I p.u = V p.u/ Z p.u

I p.u = V p.u/ (Z1 grid + Z1 transformer)

I p.u = 1/ (0.00360843917 + 0.151895)

I p.u = 6.43072 p. u

3
I base = MVAb /√3* V base

I base = 100/√3* 110

I base = 0.5248638 KA

If = I base *I p.u *C factor (max)

If = 0.5248638 *6.43072 *1.1

If = 3.71277735 KA

Transmission Line Input Data

Length = 100 Km

Voltage = 110 Kv

Resistance = 0.1 ohm/Km 0.1*100 = 10

Reactance = 0.4 ohm/Km 0.4*100 = 40

Admittance = 3.6 Micro ohm/Km

Actual Resistance = 10 ohm

Actual Reactance = 40 ohm

To Find;

Z1 p. u = Z actual/Z base
Z actual = √(R2+X2)
Z actual = √102+402
Z actual = 41.2311 ohm
Z base = KVB2/MVAb

Z base = 1102/100
4
Z base = 121 ohm

Z1 p. u Tr. Line = Z actual/Z base

Z1 p. u Tr. Line = 41.2311 /121

Z1 Tr. Line = 0.34075 p. u

When grid and transformer and transmission Line is


connected in the system fault on transformer Line Connected
bus bar.

I fault = Ib* I p.u* C factor

I p.u = V p.u / Z p. u

I p.u = V p.u / (Z1 grid + Z1 transformer + Z1 Tr. Line)

I p.u = 1 / (0.00360843917 + 0.151895 + 0.34075)

I p.u = 2.01511 p. u

I base = MVAb/√3* V base

I base = 100/√3*110

I base = 0.52486 KA

If = I base *Ipu *C factor

If = 0.52486 *2.01511 *1.1

If = 1.1634156 KA

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