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CHAPTER 1
COMPLEX NUMBER
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 DEFINITION, COMPLEX OF NUMBER
1.3 DEMOVOIR’S THEOREM
1.4 EXPANSION OF sin n Θ OR cos n Θ
1.5 EXPANSION OF sin nΘ OR cos nΘ
1.6 ROOTS OF EQUATION
1.7 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
1.8 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
1.9 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION
1.1 INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION
0
1.1 SEPARATION OF REAL PART AND IMAGINARY PART
1 OF
1.11.1 LOGARITHM FUNCTION
1.11.2 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
1.11.3 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
1.11.4 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION
1.11.5 INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION

PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1. If z 1=cos α +i sin α , z2 =cos β +isin β where 0<α , β < π /2

2
1+ z 1
Find the polar form of
1−i z 1 z 2
2. Meaning of Multiplication∧Division−¿
(a) If z 1∧z 2 are two non−zero complex numbers then
arg . z1 z 2=arg . z1 +arg . z 2
(b) If z 1∧z 2 are two non−zero complex numbers then

arg .
( )
z1
z2
=arg . z 1−arg . z 2

3. Prove that if the ∑ ¿ product of two complex numbers arereal then

the two numbers must be either real∨conjugate .

4. If |z +i|=|z|∧arg ( ) z +i π
z
= , find z .
4
5. If z 1 , z 2 are non−zero complex numbers of equal modulus∧¿

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z1 + z 2
z 1 ≠ z 2 then prove that is purely imaginary .
z 1−z 2
6. If x=cos θ +isin θ , y=cos ϕ +isin ϕ ,

prove that
x− y
x+ y
=i tan ( 2 )
θ1 −ϕ 2

7. If z 1+ z 2 + z 3=0∧|z|=| z 2|=|z 3|=k show that

1 1 1
+ + =0
z1 z 2 z 3
8. If |z−1|<|z+ 1| , prove that ℜ . z >0
9. If ( 1+cos θ+ isin θ ) ( 1+cos 2 θ+i sin 2θ ) , prove that
θ 2
cos θ∧u
2 3θ
u2 + v 2=16 cos2 =tan
v 2
10. If n is a positive integer show that
( a+ ib )n + ( a−ib )n=2 r n cos n θ where r 2=a2 +b2 ∧θ=tan−1 ( ba ).
Hence∨therwise deduce that
8 8
( 1+i √3 ) + ( 1−i √3 ) =−28
1 i 10 10
11. If z= + ∧z isthe conjugate of z prove that ( z ) + ( z ) =0.
√2 √2
1 1
12. If x+ =2 cos θ , y + =cos ϕ then
x y
m n 1
x y + m n =2 cos ( mθ+ n ϕ )
x y

( )|
n
1+sin α +i cos α
13.
1+sin α −i cos α
If z=−1+i √ 3∧n is an integer , prove that z +2 . z +2 =0
2n n n 2n
14.
if n is not a multiple of 3.
15. If cos α +2 cos β +3 cos y=sin α +2 sin β +3 sin y=0 , prove that
sin 3 α + 8 sin 3 β +27 sin 3 y=18 sin ( α + β + y )
16. If cos α +cos β +cos y=0∧sin α + sin β+sin y =0 , prove that
2 2 2 2 2 2 3
(i) sin α + sin β +sin y=cos α + cos β+ cos y=
2
(ii) cos 2 α +cos 2 β+ cos 2 y=0
'
17. By using De Moivr e s Theorem show that
sin 3 α sin (5 α /2 )
sin α +sin 2 α +…+ sin 5 α =
sin α /2
18. If α =1+i , β=1−i∧cot θ=x+1 , prove that
( x +α )n−( x + β )n=( α −β ) sin nθ cosec n θ .
19. If ( a 1+i b1 ) ( a 2+i b2 ) … . ( a n+i b n) = A+iB , prove that

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( a12+ b12 )(a 22+ b22 ) … . ( an2 +b n2)= A 2+ B2∧¿

−1 −1 −1 −1
tan ( b1 /a1 ) + tan ( b 2 /a2 ) +…+ tan ( b n /an )=tan B / A .
2 2
20. If α , β are the roots of the equation z sin θ−z . sin 2θ+1=0 , prove
m n n
that α + β =2 cos n θ cosec θ .
n n
21. If n is a positive integer ∧( 1+ x ) = p0 + p1 x + p2 x 2+ …+ p n x
n /2 nπ
(i) p0− p 2+ p 4−…=2 cos
4
22. Prove that , if n is a positive integer ,
m/n m/n 2 2 m/ 2 n
( i ) ( a+ ib ) + ( a−ib ) =2 ( a +b ) cos
n (
m −1 b
tan
a )
6
( 1+ i )8 ( 1−i √ 3 ) i
(ii) 9
=
6
( 1−i ) ( 1+i √ 3 ) 4
23. If a=cos 2 α + isin 2 α , b=cos 2 β+ isin 2 β , c=cos 2 y+i sin 2 y , prove that

24. ( a )
√ √
( i ) ab + c =2cos ( α + β− y )
c ab
If cos α +cos β =0 , sin α +sin β=0 , prove that
(i)cos 2 α +cos 2 β=2 cos ( π +α + β )
(ii) sin 2α +sin 2 β=2 sin ( π + α + β ) .
(b) Ifcos α +cos β +cos y =0 , sin α +sin β +sin γ =0 , prove that
cos 3 α +cos 3 β +cos 3 y =3 cos ( α + β+ y )
sin 3 α + sin 3 β +sin 3 y=3 sin ( α + β + y )
π π
25. If x 1=cos r +isin r , prove that
3 3
(i) x x
1 2 3 x … .. ad . inf .=i
(ii) x 0 x 1 x2 … ad .inf .=−i
1 1 1
26. If x+ =2 cos θ , y + =2cos ϕ , z + =2 cos Ψ , prove that
x y z
m
1 ( θ+Φ +Ψ ) ∧x y n
Xyz + =2cos + m =2cos ( mθ−n Φ )
xyz yn x
2
27. If α , β are the roots of the equation x −2 x + 4=0 , prove that
n n n+ 1 6 6
(i) α + β =2 cos n π /3 . Hence , deduce that α + β =128.
(ii) Deduce that α 15 + β 15=−216
Expansion of sinnθ ,cosnθ , tannθ
1. Use De Moivre’ s Theorem ¿ show that
3 5
5 tan θ−10 tan θ+ tan θ
tan5 θ= 2 4
1−10 tan θ+5 tan θ
4 π 2 π
¿ hence deduce that 5 tan −10 tan + 1=0.
10 10
2. Show that

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3 5 7
7 tan θ−35 tan θ+21 tan θ−tan θ
tan7 θ= 2 4 6
1−21 tan θ+35 tan θ−7 tan θ
3. Show that ,
sin 5θ 4 2
=16 cos θ−12 cos θ+1
sinθ
4. Show that ,
3 5
(i) sin 5 θ=5 sin θ−20 sin θ+16 sin θ
5. Using De Moivre ’ s Theorem , prove that ,
3 2
cos 3 θ=cos θ−3 cos θ sin θ∧¿
2 6
sin 3 θ=3 sin θ cos θ−sin θ
6. Using De Moivre ’ s Theorem prove that ,
4 2 2 4
cos 4 θ=cos θ−6 cos θ sin θ+sin θ
7. Express sin 7 θ∧cos 7 θ∈terms of powers of sinθ∧cos θ .
5 3 3 5
8. If sin 6 θ=a cos θ sin θ+b cos θ sin θ+ c cos θ sin θ , find the values of a ,b , c

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Expand sin5 θ
−1
Let 2isin θ =z
z
Taking power of 5 on both sides
¿ =¿

() () () () ()
2 3 4 5
4 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 1
32isin θ = z −¿5 z
5 5
+10 z −¿10 z +5 z −
z z z z z

(5 1
z ) ( 3
¿ z − 5 −¿5 z − 3 +10 z−
1
z ) ( ) 1
z
=2isin 5 θ−¿5(2isin 3 θ)+10(2 isin θ ¿
5 2isin 5 θ−5(2 isin 3θ)+10( 2isin θ)
sin θ =
32i
1
sin θ = (sin 5θ−5( sin3 θ)+10(sinθ))
5
16
9
2. Expand cos x
1
Sol: 2 cos x=z +
z
Taking 9 th power on both sides ,
9
9 9 1
2 cos x=(z+ )
z
9
¿ z +9 z ()
8 1
z ( )
7 1
( )
6 1
+ 36 z 2 +84 z 3 +126 z 4 +126 z
z z ( )
5 1

z ( )
4 1
z
5 ( )
3 1

z ( ) ( )
2 1

z
1
z
1
+84 z 6 +36 z 7 +9 z 8 + 9
z
9 1 7 1
¿(z + 9 )+9(z + 7 )+36
z z

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1
5 3 1 1
(z + )+84 (z + 3 )+126 (z+ )
z
5
z z
9 9
2 cos x=2 cos 9 x +9 (2cos 7 x)+36(2cos 5 x )+ 84(2cos 3 x )+126 (2 cos x )
9 2
∴cos x= 9 (cos 9 x +9 cos 7 x +36 cos 5 x +84 cos 3 x+126 cos x)
2
1
∴ cos9 x= 8 (cos 9 x +9 cos 7 x +36 cos 5 x +84 cos 3 x +126 cos x )
2

4 3
9. If sin θ cos θ=a 1 cos θ +a3 cos 3 θ+ a5 cos 5θ +a7 cos 7 θ , prove that
a 1+ 9 a3 +25 a5 + 4 9 a7 =0
5 1
10. Show that sin θ= ( sin 5 θ−5 sin 3 θ+10 sin θ )
16
'
11. Using De Moivr e s Theorem prove that ,
6 6 1
cos θ+ sin θ= ( 3cos 4 θ+ 5 )
8
1
12. Show that ,sin 5 θ= ( sin 5θ−5 sin 3 θ+10 sin θ ) .
16
13. Prove that ,
1
cos θ= 7 [ cos 8 θ+8 cos 6 θ+28 cos 4 θ+56 cos 2 θ+35 ] .
8

2
1
Prove that cos θ+sin θ= [ cos 8 θ+28 cos 4 θ+ 35 ]
8 8
14.
64
5 3 3 5
15. If sin 6 θ=a cos θ sin θ+b cos θ sin θ+ c cos θ sin θ , find a ,b ,c .
1
Prove that cos θ−sin θ= [ cos 6 θ+ 15 cos 2θ ]
6 6
16.
16
1
Prove that cos θ+sin θ= [ cos 8 θ+28 cos 4 θ+35 ] .
8 8
17.
16

ROOTS OF EQUATION

n
z =a+ib

Write RHS in form of re iθ

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n iθ
z =re

Replace θ →θ+2kt

n
z k =re i(2 kπ+θ )

1 2 kπ +θ
z k =(r¿ n e i( n
)

Put k=0, 1, 2….n-1

How to find r and 𝛉 of z n=a+ ib

1. For a+ib=(a, b)
r=√ a2 +b 2

θ= tan
−1
( ba )=−( 2 π −tan ( ba ))−1

r=mod(z )
r=θ=arg(z)
2. Z=– a+ib=(−a , b)

∝= tan
−1
( ba )
r=√ a2 +b 2, θ= tan
−1
( ba )
3. Z=−a−bi=(−a ,−b)

∝= tan
−1
( ba )
SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Find all roots of x 12−1=0 and identify the roots which are also the roots of x 4 −x2 +1=0.
Sol:
12
i. x −1=0
∴ x 12=1
=re iθ
Replace θ → 2kπ +θ
12 i(2 kπ+θ )
x =re
Put r=1∧θ=0

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12 i(2 kπ+0 )
x =(1)e =e 2 ikπ
2 ik
∴ x k =e
2 iπ (0 )
Put k=0, x 0=e =1
2 iπ ( 1) 2 iπ
x 1=e =e
2 iπ(2) 4 iπ
x 2=e =e
⋮
⋮
⋮
2 iπ (11) 22 iπ
x 11=e =e
4 2
ii. x −x +1=0
Put x 2= y
2
y − y +1=0
6
x +1=0
∴ x 6=−1
=re iθ
Replace θ → 2k + θ
12 i(2 kπ+θ )
x =re
Put r=1∧θ=π
i(2 kπ+ π )
12
x =(1)e =e iπ (2 k +1)
iπ (2k +1)
∴ x k =e
iπ (2 (0)+1)
Put k=0, x 0=e =e iπ
iπ (2 (1)+1)
Put k=1, x 0=e =e 3 iπ
iπ (2 (2)+1)
Put k=2, x 0=e =e 5 iπ
iπ (2 (3)+1)
Put k=3, x 0=e =e 7 iπ
iπ (2 (4)+1)
Put k=4, x 0=e =e 9 iπ
iπ (2 (5)+1)
Put k=5, x 0=e =e 11iπ
Hence by excluding the roots ±i of x 2+ 1=0 in solution (𝟤) we get the required roots of
4 2
x −x +1=0.
Problems
6
1. If ω is a cube root of unity , prove that ( 1−ω ) =−27
2. Solve completely the equation
10 5
x +11 x +10=0
6
3. Solve x −i=0
4 6
4. Find theroots common ¿ x +1=0∧x −i=0.

( )
3 /4
1 √3
5. Find all the values of +i ∧show that thier continued product is1
2 2

2 3 4 5
6. If α , α , α , α ,are the roots of x −1=0. find them∧show

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that ( 1−α ) ( 1−α 2 )( 1−α 3 ) ( 1−α 4 ) =5.

7. Prove that−¿

( π
)(
x 5−1= ( x −1 ) x 2+2 x cos +1 x 2+2 x cos
5
3π
5 )
+1 =0

8. Find the value−¿

(i) ( 1−i )2 /3
9. Solvethe equations
(i) x 4 −x3 + x 2−x +1=0
(ii) ( x +1 )8 + x 8=0
10. Solvethe equations−¿
(i) x 12−1=0
(ii) x 7 + x 4 + x 3+ 1=0
( iii ) x 7 + x 4 +i x3 +i=0
( iv ) x 9−x 5 + x 4−1=0
( v ) x 7 +64 x 4 + x 3 +64=0

( )
1
2+3 i 4
11. Find all the value of
1+i
2 /3
12. Find all the value of ( 1−i )
¿ find the continued product of these values
13. Use De Moiv r ' s Theorem ¿ solve the equation
(i) x 4 −x2 +1=0
14. Solve x 14 +127 x 7−128=0
6 6 −1 θ
15. If ( 1+ x ) =x , show that x= −icot whereθ=( 2 n+1 ) π /6 ,
2 2
n=0 , 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5.
Hyperbolic Functions
2 3
x x
Since e x =1+x+ + +...........
2 6
3 5
+x x
Sinhx =x + ...........
3 ! 5!
2 4
x x
Coshx=1+ + .........
2! 4 !

( )( )
2 4 3 5
x x x x
∴e x = 1+ + ......... + x + + ...........
2! 4 ! 3! 5 !
∴ e x =coshx + sinhx
∴ e−x =coshx−sinhx
∴ e ax=coshax +sinhax … . ①
∴ e−ax =coshax−sinhax … . ②
Adding equations ① and ②

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−ax
e +e =coshax + sinhax+ coshax−sinhax
ax

∴ e ax +e−ax =2 coshax
Subtracting equations ① and ②
−ax
e −e =coshax + sinhax−coshax + sinhax
ax

∴ e ax−e−ax=2 sinhax
e =cosθ +isinθ … … .. ③
iθ

−iθ
e =cosθ−isinθ ④
Adding equations ③ and ④
−iθ
e +e =cosθ +isinθ+ cosθ−isinθ
iθ

∴e iθ +e−iθ =2cosθ
Subtracting equations ③ and ④
−iθ
e −e =cosθ +isinθ−cosθ+ isinθ
iθ

∴e iθ −e−iθ=2 isinθ
Since e iθ +e−iθ =2 cosθ
Replacing θ→iθ
∴e i(iθ) +e−i (iθ)=2 cos (iθ)
∴e−θ +e θ=2 cos (iθ)
Since e aθ +e−aθ =2coshaθ
∴ 2 coshθ=2cos (iθ ) ∴ coshθ=cos (iθ)
Since e iθ −e−iθ=2 isinθ
Replacing θ→iθ
∴e i(iθ)−e−i (iθ) =2 isin(iθ )
∴e−θ−eθ =2 isin(iθ )
∴−(eθ −e−θ) =2 isin(iθ )
Since e aθ −e−aθ =2 isinhaθ
∴−¿2sinhθ = 2isin (iθ)
∴−sinhθ=isin (iθ)
sinhθ
∴sin(iθ)=
−i
Multiplying and dividing by i on RHS
sinhθ i
∴ sin(iθ )= ×
−i i
sin(iθ )
∴ sin ( iθ ) =isinhθ , tan(iθ )=
cos (iθ)
isinhθ
¿
coshθ
∴ tan(iθ)=itanhθ

TRICK
To convert any trigonometric formulae in hyperbolic formulae, replace

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sin → isinh
cos → cosh
tan→ itanh
cot →−icoth
sec → sech
cosec →−icosech

EXAMPLE
1. cos 2θ+sin2 θ=1
Replace cos → cosh∧sin →isinh
2
cosh θ+(isinhθ¿2 =1
∴cosh 2θ−sinh 2θ=1
2. 1+ tan 2θ= sec 2θ
Replace tan→ itanh∧sec → sech
1+¿
∴ sech2θ=1−¿ tanh2 θ
3. 1+cot 2θ=co sec 2θ
Replace cot →−icoth∧cosec →−icosech
1+¿
∴1−coth 2 θ=−cosech 2 θ
∴ cosech2 θ=coth2 θ−1

Q. If 17coshx+18sinhx=1,find ‘x’.
Sol: Since 17coshx+18sinhx=1

( ) ( )
x −x x −x
e +e e −e
∴ 17 +18 =1
2 2
∴ 17e x +17e− x+18e x −¿18e− x=2
x 1
∴35e − x =2
e
∴35e 2 x −¿ 2e x −¿1=0
On solving this equation, we get
a=35, b=−2, c=−1
−b ± √ b 2−4 ac 2± √ 4−4(35)(4)
∴e x = =
2a 2(35)
1± √ 1+ 35 1± 6
∴e x = =
35 35
1 −1
∴e x = OR e x =
5 7
x −1
e= is neglected.
7

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∴x∙loge=log ( 15 )=−¿log5
∴x=−log e 5=−0.85

( )
3
1+ tanh x
2. Prove that =cos6x+sin6x.
1−tanh x

( )
3
1+ tanh x
Sol: LHS=
1−tanh x

( ) ( )
x −x 3
e −e
1+ x −x
e +e
=

(
e x −e− x
1− x −x
e +e )
( )
x −x x −x 3
e +e +e −e
= x − x x −x
e +e −e + e

( )
x 3
e
= −x
e
3
=( e 2 x )
=e 6 x
=cos6x+sin6x
=RHS
4. If tan(α+iβ)=x+iy, then find x and y
Sol: Since tan(α+iβ)=x+iy
∴tan(α−¿iβ)=x−¿ iy
∴2x=tan(α+iβ)+tan(α−¿iβ)
sin ⁡( α +iβ ) sin ⁡( α −iβ )
= +
cos ⁡(α + iβ) cos ⁡(α −iβ )
sin ( α +iβ ) ∙ cos ( α −iβ )+ sin ⁡(α−iβ ) ∙ cos ⁡( α −iβ )
=
cos ⁡(α +iβ )∙ cos ⁡(α −iβ )
Using sin (A + B)=sinAcosB+ cosAsinB
sin ( α +iβ ) ∙ cos ( α −iβ )+ sin ⁡(α−iβ ) ∙ cos ⁡( α −iβ )
∴2x=
cos ⁡(α +iβ )∙ cos ⁡(α −iβ )
2 sin ( α +iβ + α −iβ )
=
cos ( α +iβ +α −iβ ) +cos ⁡(α +iβ −α + iβ)
2 sin ( 2 ∝)
=
cos ( 2 α )+ cos ⁡( 2iβ )
sin ( 2∝ )
∴ x=
cos ( 2 α )+ cosh (2iβ )
Similarly, 2iy=tan(α+iβ)−¿tan(α−¿iβ)
sin ⁡( α +iβ ) sin ⁡(α −iβ )
= −
cos ⁡(α + iβ) cos ⁡(α −iβ )

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sin ( α +iβ ) ∙ cos ( α −iβ )−sin ⁡(α −iβ )∙ cos ⁡(α −iβ )
=
cos ⁡(α +iβ )∙cos ⁡( α−iβ )
sin ( α +iβ ) ∙ cos ( α −iβ )+ sin ⁡(α−iβ ) ∙ cos ⁡( α −iβ )
∴2iy=
cos ⁡(α +iβ )∙ cos ⁡(α −iβ )
Using sin (A−B)=sinAcosB−cosAsinB
2 sin ( α +iβ −α +iβ )
∴2iy =
cos ( α +iβ +α −iβ ) +cos ⁡(α +iβ −α + iβ)
2isinh ( 2 β )
=
cos ( 2 α )+ cos ⁡( 2iβ )
sinh ( 2 β )
∴ y=
cos ( 2 α )+ cosh (2iβ )
Hyperbolic and logarithmic functions
1. If tanh x=1 /2 , find the value of sinh 2 x .
2. Solvethe equation 7 cosh x+ 8 sinh x =1 for values of x .
3. If 5 sinh x−cosh x=5 , find tanh x .
x y
4. If sin α cosh β= , cos α sinh β = , show that
2 2
4x
(i) cosec ( α −iβ )+ cosec ( α +iβ )= 2 2
x +y
5
5. Prove that 16 cosh x=cosh 5 x +5 cosh 3 x+10 cosh x
n
6. Prove that ( cosh x−sinh x ) =cosh nx−sinh nx .

( )
n
1+ tanh x
7. Prove that =cosh 2 n x +sinh 2 n x .
1−tanh x
1
Prove that cosh 2 x=
1
8. 1−
1
1−
1−cosh 2 x
1
If log tan x= y , prove that sinh ny= ( tan x−cot x ) ,
n n
9.
2
¿ cosh ( n+1 ) y +cosh ( n−1 ) y=cosh ny cosec 2 x .

10. ( )π θ u θ
If u=log e tan + , prove that tanh =tan ∧cosh u cos θ=1.
4 2 2 2

If u=log tan ( + ) , prove that

π θ
11.
4 2
u θ
(i) tanh =tan
2 2
12. If tan x /2=tanh u/2 prove that ( i ) sinhu=tan x , ( ii ) cosh u=sec x .
13. If cosh x=sec θ , prove that ( i ) x=log ( sec θ+ tan θ )
π x θ
( ii ) θ= −2 tan−1 ( e−x ) (iii ) tanh =tan .
2 2 2

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14. Define sinh x∧cosh x . Provethat sinh i x=isin x∧cosh i x=cos x .

15. Prove that cosh iu=cos u∧sinh iu=isin u .
16. Define hyperbolic tan x∧ prove that tan i x=i tan h x .
1
17. If tanh x= , find sinh 2 x∧cosh 2 x
2
n
18. Prove that ( cosh x +sinh x ) =cosh nx+ sinh nx

( )
3
1+ tanh x
19. Prove that =cosh 6 x +sinh 6 x
1−tanh x
1
Prove that =−sinh2 x
1
20. 1−
1
1−
1+ sinh2 x
21. If cosh u=secθ , prove that

(i) u=log tan [ ( π4 + θ2 )]

22. If sin ( θ+iΦ ) =p ( cos α +i sin α ) , prove that
1
p = [ cosh 2Φ−cos 2θ ] , tan α=tanh Φ cot θ
2
2
z
23. If e =sin ( u+iv ) ∧z=x+ iy , prove that
2x
2 e =cosh 2 v−cos 2u .
24. If sin ( θ+iΦ ) =cos α +isin α ( ¿=eiα ) , prove that
4 2 4
cos θ=sin α=sinh Φ .
25. If cos ( θ+ iΦ )=r ( cos α +sin α ) , prove that
1
Φ= log
2
sin ( θ−α )
sin ( θ+α ) [ ]
26. If α +iβ=tanh x + ( iπ
4 ), prove that α 2 + β 2=1.

27. If tan ( π6 +iα )=x+ iy , prove that

x + y + 2 x / √ 3=1
2 2

28.
π
( )
If cosec + ix =u+iv , prove that
4
2
( u2 + v 2 ) =2 ( u2−v 2 )
29. If tan ( α +iβ ) =sin ( x+iy ) , prove that
tan x sin 2 α
=
tanh y sinh 2 β
iα
30. If sinh ( θ+iΦ ) =e , prove that
4 2 4
sinh θ=cos α=cos Φ .
31. If tan ( A+ B )=α + iβ , show that

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1−( α + β )
2 2
cos 2 A
=
1+ ( α + β ) cos h 2 B
2 2

32. If x+ iy=c cot ( u+iv ) , show that

x −y c
= =
sin 2u sinh 2 v cosh 2 v−cos 2 u
−1
33. If x+ iy=cos ( α + iβ )∨if cos ( x+iy )=α +iβ
2 2
express x∧ y ∈terms of α ∧β . Hence show that cos α ∧cosh β are
the roots of the equation λ2 −( x 2+ y 2+1 ) λ+ x2 =0.
34. If tan ( u+iv )=x +iy , prove that the curves u=constant , v=constant
are a family of circles which are mutually orthogonal .
x +iy−c u+iv
35. If =e , prove that ,
x+iy +c
−c sinh u c sinh v
x= , y=
cosh u−cos v cosh u−cos v
π /2 2 2 2
Further , v=( 2 n+1 ) , prove that x + y =c where n is an integer .
u−1
36. If =sin ( x +iy ) , where u=α +iβ show that the argument of
u+1
cos x sinh y cos x sinh y
u isθ +Φ where tanθ= ∧tan Φ=
1+ sin x cosh y 1−sin x sinh y
37. Separate into real∧imaginary parts .
(i) tan−1 ( α+iβ ) ,
(ii) tan−1 ( eiθ )
38. P .T . sin−1 ( eiθ ) =cos−1 √ sinθ+i sinh−1 √ sinθ
39. If cos ( α +iβ ) =x+iy , prove that
2 2 2 2
x y x y
2
+ 2
=1 , 2
− 2 =1
cosh β sinh β cos α sin α
40. If cos ( x +iy )=cos α +isin α , prove that
(i) sin α =± sin2 x=± sinh2 y (ii) cos 2 x +cosh 2 y =2
41. If sin ( x+ iy )=cos α + isin α , prove that
(i) sin α =± cos 2 x=± sinh2 y
2 2 2
42. If cos ( u+iv )=x +iy prove that , ( 1+ x ) + y =( cosh v +cos u ) ∧¿
( 1−x )2 + y 2=( cosh v−cos u )2 .
sin 2 x tan u
43. If tan ( x +iy )=sin ( u+iv ) then prove that =
sinh 2 y tanh v
44. If tan ( α +iβ ) =x+iy , prove that
2 2 2 2
x + y + 2 x cot 2 α=1 , x + y −2 y coth 2 β=1.
45. If sin ( θ+iΦ ) =tan α +i sec α , prove that cos 2 θ cosh 2Φ=3

46. If x+ iy=2 cosh α + ( iπ

4 )
, prove that x 2− y 2=2.

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−1 π θ
47. Prove that sin ( cosecθ )= +i log cot .
2 2
Show that the principal value of sin i x isi log ( x + √ 1+ x )
−1 2
48.
49. Prove that , ( i ) cosh−1 √ 1+ x 2=sinh−1 x

(ii)cosh
−1
√ 1+ x 2=tanh−1 (√ ) x
1+ x 2
−1 −1
50. Prove that tanh ( sin θ )=cosh ( secθ ) .
51. if cosh x=secθ , prove that
(i) tanh ( x /2 ) =tan ( θ/2 )

52. If tan ( θ+ iΦ )=tan α +i sec α ∨θ+iΦ=tan−1 ( i+sin

cos α )
α
,

2Φ α π
prove that e =cot ∧2 θ=nπ + +α .
2 2
53. If tan ( α +iβ ) =cos θ+i sin θ ( ¿ e ) , prove that
iθ

nπ π 1
α = + , β= log tan +
2 4 2
π θ
4 2( )
−1 iθ
54. Separate into real∧imaginary parts tan e
55. Show that tan−1 i
x−a
( ) i
= log .
x+ a 2
x
a
56. Separate into real∧imaginary parts cos−1 ( 3 i/4 )

57. (
π
)
If tan +iv =r e iθ , show that ,
4
θ
(i) r =1 (ii) tanθ=sinh 2 v (iii) tanh v=tan
2
58. Define inverse hyperbolic sin of x∧ prove that
sinh x=log ( x+ √ x +1 )
−1 2

59. Define inverse hyperbolic functions∧ prove that

−1 1
(i) tanh ¿ log
2
1+ x
1−x [ ]
(ii) cosh −1 √ 1−x 2=sinh−1 x

(iii) cosech−1=log [ 1+ √1+ x 2

x ]
60. Prove that ,
−1 −1 x
(1) tanh x =sinh
√1−x 2
61. Prove that−¿
(1) tanh−1 cos θ=cosh−1 cosecθ
−1
(2) sinh tanθ=log tan +
θ π
2 4 ( )
62. Separate into real∧imaginary parts .

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(i) sin−1 e iθ ∨sin−1 ( cos θ+ isin θ )

π
Prove that cos i x= −i log ( x + √ x + 1 )
−1 2
63.
2
Show that sin ( ix )=2 n π +i log ( x + √ 1+ x )
−1 2
64.
65. Prove that sin log e ( i )=1 i

i 4 n+1
66. Show that log e i = when n ,m are integers .
4 m+1
67. Find the general value of log (1+i ) + log ( 1−i )
68. Considering the principal value only prove that
log 3+iπ
log 2 (−3 ) =
log 2
−i
69. Prove that the general value of ( 1+i tan α ) is
e
2 m π +α
[ cos ( log cos α ) +i sin ( log cos α ) ]
70. Prove that log ( xx+iy
−iy ) =2i tan ( )
y
x
−1

Show that i log (

x +i )
x−i −1
71. =π −2 tan x

72. Find the value of log [ sin ( x+iy ) ]

73. Prove that log

( sin ( x+iy )
sin ( x −iy )
−1
)
=2i tan ( cot x tanh y )

74. Show that

tan i log{ a−bi
a+bi
2 ab
= 2 2
a −b }
75. Prove that
a−ib
(i) cos ilog
a+ib [ ( )]
a2−b 2
= 2 2
a +b

76. Prove that log

1
1−e
iθ
1
( θ π θ
=log cosec + i −
2 2 2 2 ) ( ) ( )
−1
77. If sin ( x +iy )=log ( A +iB ) , prove that
2 2
x y 2 2 2α
2
− 2
=1 where A + B =e
sin α cos α
=α +iβ ( ¿ i =α +iβ ) , prove that
i… .∞
α +iβ i
78. If i
2 2 − ( 4 n+1) π β
α + β =e where nis any positiveinteger .
79.
π x
(
Prove that log tan +i =i tan−1 ( sinh x )
4 2 )
p +iq
80. If log ( x +iy )=e , prove that y=x tan θ where
2 θ=tan q log ( x 2 + y 2 )

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¿ if log log ( x +iy )=p +iq , prove that y=x tan ( tan q ∙ log √ x + y ) .
2 2

81. Considering only the real values , prove that the real part of
( 1+i √3 )(1+i √ 3) is
2 e−π √3 ( cos π /3+ √ 3 ∙ log 2 )
i
82. Prove that i i =cos θ+ isin θ where
−( 2 m+ ) π
1

(
θ= 2 n+ π e
1
2 ) 2

83. If tan [ log ( x +iy ) ] =a+ib , prove that

2a
tan [ log ( x + y ) ]=
2 2 2 2
2 2
where a + b ≠1.
1−a −b
x+iy
(1+i )
84. If x−iy
=a+ibthen consideringthe principle values only
(1−i )
show that tan−1
b
a ()
=
πx
2
+ y log 2.
√i
Separate into real∧imaginary parts ( i ) i ( ii ) √ i .
i
85.
(i) √ i √i =e √i log √ i
86. Find the principale value of i log (1+i )∨of [ ( 1+i )log i ]

( π4 log 2) .
2
−π
8
¿ show that its real part is e ∙ cos
1 +i tan β
87. Considering only the principal value , if ( 1+i tan α ) is real , prove
2

that its value is ( sec α )sec β

88. Express the following ∈the form of a+ ib.
log (−5 )
89. Find the values of log ( 1+i )
90. Separate into real∧imaginaty part log (1−i) ( 1+i )
91. Separate into real∧imaginary parts .
√ i√
i
(i) i i (ii)
92. Prove that log [ cos ( x+iy ) ]
1
¿ log
2 (
cosh 2 y+ cos 2 x
2 )
−i tan−1 ( tan x tanh y )

93. Prove that log

{ cos ( x−iy )
}
cos ( x +iy )
−1
=2 i tan ( tan x tanh y )

94. If p log ( a+ib )=( x +iy ) log m prove that

y
=
2 tan−1
b
a ()
x log ( a +b2 )
2

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95. Separate into real∧imaginary parts log sin ( x +iy )

96. Prove that the real pat of the principal value of
π
( )
2

( 1+i )log i is e−π / 8 cos log 2

4

97. Prove that log ( e + e ) =log 2∙ cos

iα iβ
{ ( )} α −β
2
+i
( α+β)
2
98. Prove that log ( 1+cos 2θ+ isin 2 θ )=log ( 2 cos θ )+ iθ
Separate into real∧imaginary parts √ i √
i
99.

100. If i
i i… . ad. inf . 2 2
=A +iB , prove that A + B =e ∧tan
iπB
( π2 A )=¿B/A
2
101. If i z =z where z=x +iy prove that| z| =e−(4 n+1 ) πy where
n=0 , 1, 2 , … .

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