PLANNING I REVIEWER

Lesson 1: Site Planning & Landscape

Architecture
SITE

A space or ground occupied or to-be occupied

by a building or a concentration of building
developments or human activities that fall under the
same land use category.

The art of arranging structures on the land

shaping the spaces between; an art linked to
architecture, engineering, landscape architecture,
and city planning.

PHYSICAL PLANNING

PLANNING The art and science of ordering the use of land

and siting of buildings and communication routes to
(Cambridge Dictionary) The process of secure the maximum practicable degree of economy,
deciding how land in particular area will be used. social amenities, convenience, and aesthetics.
SITE PLANNING Involves the ff components:
The art and science of arranging the uses or 1. Physical
portions of land. These uses area designated in 2. Social
detailing by selecting and analyzing sites, forming land 3. Economic/Administrative
use plans, organizing vehicular and pedestrian
circulation, developing visual form and material Two (2) methods of establishing a site:
concepts, readjusting the existing landforms by
1. Site Selection Process – selects from a list
designing grading, providing proper drainage, and
of potential sites the one that suites the
developing the construction details necessary to carry
best the given use and requirements of the
out the projects.
project.
The organization of the external physical 2. Development Suitability Process – Selects
environment to accommodate human behavior. the best possible use and development
suited for a given site.
Creates pattern of those elements in space
and time. Factors to consider:

1. Natural Factors
2. Cultural Factors
3. Aesthetic Factors
SITE PLANNING PROCESS

• Data-gathering
• Site Selection & Analysis 1. Defining the problem
➢ Site Selection/Development 2. Programming and the analysis of site and
Suitability Process user
➢ Site Analysis (Natural, Cultural, 3. Schematic Design and the preliminary
Aesthetics) cost estimate
• Organizing Circulation 4. Development design and detailed costing
• Developing Visual Form and Material 5. Contract Documents
Concepts 6. Bidding and Contracting
• Readjusting Landforms 7. Construction
8. Occupation Management

KEVIN LYNCH’S EIGHT (8) – STAGE PLANNING CYCLE

 • The development of the program is the
bridging step between the analysis and
synthesis or design phases.
• Kevin Lynch defines the program as composed
of the
• four “P’s”
o “Population” refers to the actual user
who may or may not be the client per
se.
GENERAL ACTIVITIES OF THE SITE PLANNING- o Packaging” involves the type and
DESIGN PROCESS quantities of elements that will be
provided in the design.
1. RESEARCH (Pre-project Phase) o “Performance” standards set the
• Project Development quality of elements expected, whether
• Site Inventory in terms of materials or function.
2. ANALYSIS (Site Assessment) o “Patterns” refer to general physical
• Site Analysis and Site Inventory relationships that should be achieved.
(Survey)
DEVELOPING THE PROGRAM
3. SYNTHESIS
• Conceptual Design The designer responds to the client’s initial
• Preliminary Design statement of intent, modified on the basis of what they
• Site Plan/Master Plan learned at the end of the analysis phase.

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS PHASES SYSTHESIS

1. Conceptual Design
2. Preliminary Design
3. Site Plan/Master Plan
4. Design Implementation

• Site Location
• Existing Conditions of the Site
o Topography and Slopes SITE PLANNING
• Geology and Soils Organization of the external physical
• Vegetation environment to accommodate human behavior. Deals
• Hydrology and Drainage with QUALITIES and LOCATIONS of structures or
• Microclimate lands. Create PATTERN OF THOSE ELEMENTS IN
• Views SPACE AND TIME which will be subject to continuous
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT future management and change. The TECHNICAL
OUTPUT – grading plans, utility layouts, survey
locations, planting plans, sketches, diagrams, and Hydrology
specifications, are simply a conventional way of
The science that studies the waters or the
specifying this complex organization.
earth, the occurrence, circulation and distribution,
SITE ELEMENTS (Different Zones) their chemical and physical properties, and their
reaction to the living environment
1. Foreground – Area of a site that closest to
the viewer or observer. Quizlet Reviewer
2. Building Area – Portion of the site where
the main structure or buildings are 1. It is an identity based on shape, color, texture,
located. arrangement, and sensory quality of a space.
3. Service Area – Functional and utilitarian Answer: Image
elements are located. Typically, not visible 2. Considering the ecological considerations of
from public area and is designed to sites, contour intervals are the vertical
support the operations of the site. distance between contours. Contours are
4. Play Area – Designated spaces for generally
recreational activities and play. Answer: Always equal.
5. Private Area – Spaces that area not 3. are elements of the physical environment that
accessible to the general public and are shape landscapes, ecosystems, and natural
intended for the exclusive use of the processes.
property’s occupants or owners. Answer: Natural Factors
6. Entourage – The representation of people, 4. encompass natural processes, conditions,
vehicles, trees, furniture and other objects and resources that affect ecological health,
in drawings. sustainability, and human well-being.
Answer: Environmental Factors
LESSON II 5. pertain to the intended or allowable uses of
land based on zoning regulations, planning
Good drainage
policies, and community needs.
Soil’s ability to transfer gravity water Answer: Use Factor
downward, and that the soil in not conducive to 6. These are important factors, such as the sun
prolonged periods of saturation. path and wind path, in site analysis to
determine the correct orientation of the
Infiltration capacity structure to be placed on the site.
The rate at which water penetrates the soil Answer: Site Factors
surface (cm/hr or inches/hr) 7. It refers to organizing elements within a space
or urban layout to create harmony, hierarchy,
Permeability and clarity. It involves establishing clear
The rate at which water within the soil moves patterns, axes, and spatial relationships that
through a given volume of material (cm/hr or guide movement and create visual coherence.
inches/hr) It enhances legibility, navigation and aesthetic
appeal while promoting functional efficiency
Percolation and comfort.
Answer: Sense of Order
The rate at which water is absorbed back by
8. It focuses on shaping and defining outdoor
soil
spaces to create a sense of spatial definition
Porosity and enclosure. It involves using buildings,
walls, vegetation, or other elements to create
Capacity of soil or rock to hold water, ratio of
boundaries and define the edges of public
the volume of void spaces in a rock or sediment to the
spaces or streets. It enhances spatial
total volume of the rock or sediment.
coherence, privacy, and sense of place within
 urban or architectural contexts. 18. Refers to an imaginary zone in a pedestrian
Answer: Defining the Enclosure movement system that is immediately next to
9. It emphasizes organizing spaces and the roadway.
structures along the central axis or dominant Answer: Edge Zone
line to create visual and spatial hierarchy. It 19. The absolute minimum allowable for
involves aligning buildings, paths, or focal unobstructed movement. It encompasses the
points along a central axis to create a solid central portion of a street or public space that
visual and experiential connection. It facilitates vehicular and pedestrian
enhances views, perspectives, and movement.
ceremonial significance within urban, Answer: Throughway Zone
architectural, or landscape designs. 20. It is introduced to handle the congestion when
Answer: Form of Axial the grid system loses its effectiveness with
10. It involves identifying and enhancing the regards to circulation when its channels get
unique qualities and characteristics of a congested.
specific location or site. It emphasizes Answer: Expressways
understanding the context, history, culture, 21. A type of vehicular movement system that
and natural features of the place to inform consists of streets and roads that radiate
design decisions. Its goal is to celebrate and outward from a central point or hub, often
preserve the identity of the place while following a spoke-like pattern.
accommodating new development or Answer: Radial System
improvements. 22. A type of vehicular movement system that
Answer: Fixing the place features long, straight roads or boulevards
11. It is a broad, straight street or road, typically that connect different parts of a city or
lined with trees along its sides or in a central community in a linear fashion.
median. : Linear System
Answer: Avenue 23. A type of vehicular movement system that is
12. It is a wide street or avenue, typically with a characterized by a network of straight,
landscaped median or central reservation intersecting streets that form a regular pattern
dividing the opposing lanes of traffic. of square or rectangular blocks.
Answer: Boulevard : Grid System
13. An urban and natural condition, usually along 24. A type of vehicular movement system that
waterfront, park, and promontory. responds to the topography of the land and
Answer: Drive aligns with natural contours.
14. During the Middle Ages, Chinese gardens : Curvilinear System
expressed a cosmology and imitated the 25. These are dead-end streets or lanes with a
balance of opposites, which is “yin and yang.” single entrance and exit, typically ending in a
This symbolizes Spiritual Freedom. circular or rounded area where vehicles can
Answer: Lotus Plant turn around.
15. The Father of Landscape Architecture : Cul-De-Sacs.
Answer: Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. 26. These are architectural features characterized
16. It encompasses areas within the streetscape by a circular or cylindrical shape, often found
dedicated to amenities, street furniture, and in the design of buildings, monuments, and
decorative elements. public spaces.
Answer: Furnishing Zone : Rotundas
17. It refers to the pedestrian-oriented space 27. It is introduced to control the flow of traffic,
along the edges of sidewalks or paths within a especially when a collector street intersects
streetscape. with arterial roads.
Answer: Walk Zone : Traffic Signs
28. A narrow access route servicing the rear of surface.
buildings on a street usually has no sidewalks, : Precipitation
landscaping, or building setbacks. 41. It is the process by which a substance changes
; Alley from its gaseous state to its liquid state.
29. The maximum limit on the length of cul-de- : Condensation
sacs. 42. It is the process by which water seeps into or
: 500 meters enters the soil surface.
30. The country that was known as Nature's : Infiltration
Splendor in a Garden. 43. This is the process by which water vapor is
: China evaporated and enters into the atmosphere.
31. The country that was known as the Golden Age : Transpiration
of Gardens. 44. The percentage of slope which is defined as
: Japan gentle to mild slopes to moderately terrain.
32. The international style celebrates this function : 10-15%
during the 20th century of landscape 45. It is often referred to as the sense of place and
architecture. encompasses the unique combination of
: Nature as romantic backdrop physical, cultural, social, and environmental
33. It involves reshaping the natural terrain to attributes that give a location its distinctive
achieve specific functional, aesthetic, and identity and atmosphere.
environmental goals. : Character of a place
: Modification of Landforms 46. A collection of independent structures, which
34. These are raised mounds or embankments of although unattached, create a coherent image
soil that are strategically placed during site of a place.
grading to serve various functional and : Defining the enclosure
aesthetic purposes. 47. The character or personality of a building and
: Berms the atmosphere one can experience there.
35. It is a critical aspect of site grading, which : Sprit of the Place
refers to the process of shaping and leveling 48. It is a strategic document that outlines how
the land surface to control the flow of water land within a specific area will be used,
across a site. developed, and managed over a defined
: Drainage period
36. The three main purpose of landscape : Land Use Plan
architecture? 49. It is a document that encompasses the whole
: Preserve, Develop, Enhance territory of the local government unit.
37. It is also known as a hardwood tree, which is : Comprehensive Land Use Plan
characterized by having broad, flat leaves as 50. It is the legislative act of delineating areas or
opposed to needle-like or scale-like leaves districts within the territorial jurisdiction of
found on coniferous trees (softwood trees). cities and municipalities that may be put to
: Broadleaf specific uses and their regulation, subject to
38. Type of tree that produces edible fruits. limitations imposed by the law or competent
: Fruit-bearing authority.
39. Type of tree that maintain its leaves : Zoning
throughout the year, that is, there is no time 51. The percentage of open space of inside lots for
when the tree is completely naked, as the A,B,C,D, and J occupancies?
leaves are gradually renewed. : 20%
: Evergreen 52. It is the process of arranging structures,
40. It refers to any form of water—liquid or solid— spaces, and elements on a piece of land in a
that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's way that optimizes the use of the site while
considering factors such as environmental
 impact, aesthetic appeal, functionality, and sediment.
compliance with regulatory requirements. : Porosity
: Site Planning 63. The rate at which water is absorbed back by
53. It is a comprehensive and detailed proposal the soil.
that outlines the intended development and : Percolation
use of a particular piece of land. 64. Measure of soil acidity or alkalinity.
: Site Development Plan : pH
54. It is the analysis of the building site, which 65. The concentration of soluble salts in soil. It
includes the assessment of its better features can affect plant growth and soil structure.
as well as its constraints and liabilities. : Salinity
: Site Analysis 66. It refers to the upward movement of moisture
55. It is a Latin term that means "the spirit of the or water above the water table as a function
place" and refers to the unique spiritual force of the fine-textured soil.
inherent in a place. It is a symbolic line that : Capillary
extends from the sky to the underworld with 67. A type of rock forms from the cooling and
the earth at its center. solidification of magma or lava. Examples
: Genius Loci include granite, basalt, pumice, and obsidian.
56. It refers to a concept found in various : Igneous Rock
religions and mythologies, representing a 68. A type of rock is formed through the
connection between the heavens, the earth, accumulation, compaction, and cementation
and the underworld. of sediments. Examples of this include
: Axis mundi sandstone, shale, and limestone.
57. It is related to rivers and streams and usually : Sedimentary Rock
has flowing water with continuous 69. A type of rock is formed through the alteration
movement. of existing rocks by heat, pressure, and fluids;
: Riverine marble, slate, and quartzite are a prime
58. It is related to estuaries, where rivers meet example of this process.
the sea. It is usually tidal and has fluctuating : Metamorphic Rock
salinity and water levels. 70. A type of igneous rock that produces obsidian
: Estuarine and forms on earth's surface.
59. Includes all non-tidal wetlands dominated by : Extrusive
trees, shrubs, persistent emergent, emergent 71. A type of igneous rock that produces granite
mosses, or lichens and all wetlands that and forms below the earth's surface.
occur in tidal waters where salinity of ocean- : Intrusive
derived salts below 0.5%. 72. A map that synthesis opportunities and
: Palustrine constraints.
60. Includes wetlands and deep-water habitats, : Suitability Map
located in depressions or dammed river
channels. It is related to standing water
bodies such as lakes and ponds.
: Lacustrine
61. The rate at which water within the soil moves
through a given volume of material. It is
measured in centimeter/hour or inches/hour.
: Permeability
62. Capacity of soil or rock to hold water. It is the
ratio of the volume of void spaces in a rock or
sediment to the total volume of the rock or