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CH Machine IEEE

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21 views18 pages

CH Machine IEEE

Uploaded by

sharmasaptam50
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit III: Electrical

Machines
• DC machine
• Induction machine
• Synchronous machine
DC machine construction
• Field system
• Armature
• Brush and commutator arrangement,
• Shaft
• Bearings
Parts of a dc machine:
(a)the field system creating a
magnetic field when
current will flow through
the field windings;
(b)laminated sheets used to
make the cylindrical
armature;
(c)the armature made of
laminated sheets and the
commutator assembly
Simplified diagram of a dc machine working as a generator
Emf Equation of a DC Machine
• EMF induced in DC machine depend on
• the speed at which the conductors are rotated in the magnetic
field,
• the total number of conductors connected in series, and
• the total magnetic field flux being cut by the conductors
Emf Equation of a DC Machine
• Let us assume the following:
No. of poles = P.
Flux per pole = ϕ Wb.
Speed of the driving prime mover = N rpm.
Actual number of armature conductors = Z.
Number of parallel paths of the armature winding = A.

When the conductor makes 1 revolution, the flux cut by the conductor
= Pϕ Wbs
Emf Equation of a DC Machine
The conductor is rotating at a speed of N rpm or N/60 rps (revolutions
per second)

Time taken by the conductor to make 1 revolution = 60/N seconds.

Therefore, induced EMF in 1 conductor,

Flux cut in 1 rev in Wbs


𝐸=
Time taken in making 1 rev in sec
Emf Equation of a DC Machine
Flux cut in 1 rev in Wbs
𝐸(1 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟) =
Time taken in making 1 rev in sec

𝑃ϕ 𝑃ϕ𝑁
𝐸= =
60/𝑁 60
If Z is the total number of armature conductors and they are connected
in A number of parallel paths, the total number of conductors per
parallel path would be equal to Z/A.
𝑃ϕ𝑁 𝑍
𝐸=
60 𝐴
Types of DC machines
dc shunt generator/self-excited
generator
Separately excited dc generator

dc series generator
Working Principle of a DC Motor

Principle: When a current-carrying conductor is


placed in a magnetic field it experiences a force.
Torque equation in dc motor
Torque developed T, angular velocity ω, and mechanical power, Pm are related as
𝑃𝑚 = 𝑇𝜔
where T is in Nm and ω is in rad/sec.
In a dc motor, electrical power converted into mechanical power can be expressed
as:
2𝜋𝑁
𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 = 𝑃𝑚 = 𝑇𝜔 = 𝑇
60
𝑍𝑃
𝑇= ϕ𝐼𝑎 = 𝐾ϕ𝐼𝑎
2𝜋𝐴
Single-phase induction motor
Synchronous generator/Alternator

Salient or Projecting Pole Rotor


Frequency of induced EMF
The frequency of the induced emf depends on the number of number of poles that the armature
conductors pass in one second.

Therefore, the frequency of induced emf in the stationary armature conductors is given by:

𝑃𝑁𝑠
𝑓=
120
Q. -An 8-pole, wave -connected armature has 600 conductors,
2parallel paths, and is driven at 625 rpm. If the flux per pole is
20 mWb, determine the generated emf.
Q. -A DC motor operates from 240 V supply. The armature
resistance is 0.2 Ohm. Determine the back
emf when the armature current is 50 A.
Q. -Determine the speed at which the 6 pole alternator is driven
to obtain the frequency of emf
induced to be 50 Hz.

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