Department of Electrical Engineering

B.I.T. Sindri, Dhanbad

Subject: Soft Computing Techniques Subject Code: ELO609
Branch: Electrical Engineering
Semester: B.Tech 6th Semester Session: 2023-24
Due Date: 20 July 2024 Full Marks: 20

Assignment - 2
Instruction: (a) Each question carry equal marks.
(b) Submit the assignment on or before due date.
Module-III
Q1.1. Define fuzzy set and explain various fuzzy set operations?
Q1.2. Enlist and explain the properties of fuzzy sets.
Q1.3. Find the power set and cardinality of the given set 𝑋 = {2 , 4, 6}. Also, find cardinality of power
set.
Q1.4. Given the two fuzzy sets:
1 0.75 0.3 0.15 0 1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0
𝐵1 = { + + + + }; 𝐵2 = { + + + + }
~ 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 ~ 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Find the following: (a) 𝐵1 ∪ 𝐵2; (b) 𝐵1 ∩ 𝐵2 ; (c) 𝐵̅1; (d) 𝐵̅2; (e) 𝐵1 | 𝐵2; (f) 𝐵1 ∪ 𝐵2; (g) 𝐵1 ∩ 𝐵2;
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
(h) 𝐵1 ∩ 𝐵̅1 ; (i) 𝐵1 ∪ 𝐵̅1 (j) 𝐵2 ∩ 𝐵̅2(k) 𝐵2 ∪ 𝐵̅2
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Q1.5. It is necessary to compare two sensors based upon their detection levels and gain settings. The
table of gain settings and sensor detection levels with a standard item being monitored providing
typical membership values to represent the detection levels for each sensor is given in table.
Gain setting Detection level of sensor 1 Detection level of sensor 2
0 0 0
10 0.2 0.35
20 0.35 0.25
30 0.65 0.8
40 0.85 0.95
50 1 1
Now given the universe of discourse 𝑋 = {0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50} and the membership functions
for the two sensors in discrete form as:
0 0.2 0.35 0.65 0.85 1 0 0.35 0.25 0.8 0.95 1
𝐷1 = { + + + + + }; 𝐷2 = { + + + + + }
~ 0 10 20 30 40 50 ~ 0 10 20 30 40 50
Find the following membership functions: (a) 𝜇𝐷1∪𝐷2 (𝑥); (b) 𝜇𝐷1 ∩𝐷2 (𝑥); (c) 𝜇𝐷̅1 (𝑥); (d) 𝜇𝐷̅2 (𝑥);
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
(e) 𝜇𝐷1 ∪𝐷̅1 (𝑥); (f) 𝜇𝐷1 ∩𝐷̅1 (𝑥); (g) 𝜇𝐷2∪𝐷̅2 (𝑥); (h) 𝜇𝐷2 ∩𝐷̅2 (𝑥); (i) 𝜇𝐷 |𝐷
(𝑥); (j) 𝜇𝐷 |𝐷
(𝑥)
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~1 ~2 ~2 ~1

Q1.6. Let 𝑈 be the universe of military aircraft of interest as defined below:

𝑈 = {𝑎10, 𝑏52, 𝑐130, 𝑓2, 𝑓9}
Let 𝐴 be the fuzzy set of bomber class aircraft:
~
 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 1
𝐴={ + + + + }
~ 𝑎10 𝑏52 𝑐130 𝑓2 𝑓9
Let 𝐵 be the fuzzy set of fighter class aircraft:
~

0.1 0.2 0.8 0.7 0

𝐵={ + + + + }
~ 𝑎10 𝑏52 𝑐130 𝑓2 𝑓9

Find the following: (a) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵; (b) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵; (c) 𝐴; (d) 𝐵; (e) 𝐴| 𝐵; (f) 𝐵 | 𝐴; (g) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵; (h) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵;
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
(i) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵; (j) 𝐵 ∪ 𝐴
~ ~ ~ ~

Q1.7. The discretized membership functions for a transistor and a resistor are given below:
0 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5
𝜇𝑇 = { + + + + + }; 𝜇𝑅 = { + + + + + }
~ 0 1 2 3 4 5 ~ 0 1 2 3 4 5
Find the following: (a) Algebraic sum; (b) algebraic product; (c) bounded sum; (d) bounded
difference.
Q1.8. Define fuzzy relations and explain various operations that can be performed in fuzzy relations.
Q1.9. The elements in two sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 are given as: 𝐴 = {2, 4} and 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐}. Find the various
Cartesian products of these two sets.
Q1.10. Consider the following two fuzzy sets:
0.3 0.7 1 0.4 0.9
𝐴={ + + } and 𝐵={ + }
~ 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 ~ 𝑦1 𝑦2
Perform the Cartesian product over these given fuzzy sets.
Q1.11. Two fuzzy relations are given by
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑧1 𝑧2 𝑧3
𝑅 = 𝑥1 0.6 0.3 and 𝑆 = 𝑦1 1 0.5 0.3
~
𝑥2 [ ] ~
𝑦2 [ ]
0.2 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.7
Obtain fuzzy relation 𝑇 as a composition between the fuzzy relations.
~

Q1.12. Consider two fuzzy sets given by

1 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.9
𝐴={ + + } and 𝐵={ + + }
~ low medium high ~ positive zero negative
(a) Find the fuzzy relation for the Cartesian product of 𝐴 and 𝐵, i.e., 𝑅 = 𝐴 × 𝐵.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~

(b) Introduce a fuzzy set 𝐶 given by

~

0.1 0.2 0.7

𝐶={ + + }
~ low medium high
Find the relation between 𝐶 and 𝐵 using Cartesian product, i.e., find 𝑆 = 𝐶 × 𝐵.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~

(c) Find 𝐶 ∘ 𝑅 using max-min composition.

~ ~

(d) Find 𝐶 ∘ 𝑆 using max-min composition.

~ ~
Q1.13. What is meant by membership function? With the help of a figure, explain the features of fuzzy
membership functions.
Q1.14. What is fuzzification? Explain the following fuzzification methods: (a) Intuition (b) Inference
(c) Rank Ordering.
Q1.15. Define defuzzification and describe the lambda-cut for fuzzy sets.
Q1.16. Enlist the various defuzzification methods. Explain any two methods of it.
Module-IV
Q2.1. Discuss about the truth values and tables in fuzzy logic.
Q2.2. Explain different fuzzy propositions.
Q2.3. Briefly explain the following: (a) Formation of Fuzzy Rules (b) Decomposition of Fuzzy Rules
(c) Aggregation of Fuzzy Rules.
Q2.4. What is Fuzzy Inference System (FIS)? Illustrate Mamdani FIS and Sugeno FIS with example.
Q2.5. Explain the characteristics and different classifications of a neuro-fuzzy hybrid system.
Module-V
Q3.1. What is genetic algorithm? Explain it with the help of a flow chart.
Q3.2. Describe various operators of genetic algorithm.
Q3.3. Describe the various stopping conditions for genetic algorithm flow.
Q3.4. Write down the application area of genetic algorithm.
Module-VI
Q4.1. Explain evolutionary programming. What is genetic algorithm? Explain it with the help of a flow
chart.
Q4.2. Describe multi-objective optimization problem solving and its applications.
Q4.3. Write short notes on: (a) Genetic-neuro hybrid systems (b) Genetic-Fuzzy rule based system