AN IoT BASED SYSTEM TO MONITOR

CYCLIST’S POSTURE
Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the Requirement for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

Electronics and Communication

Name of student: Lalith Paydankar P USN: 1MS21EC404

Name of student: Chandrashekar M USN: 1MS21EC401

Name of student: Ganesh USN: 1MS21EC402

Under the Guidance of:

Flory Francis

(Assistant Professor, Department of E & C, MSRIT Bangalore

Department of Electronics and Communication)

RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
Accredited by National Board of Accreditation & NAAC with ‘A+’ Grade MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post,
Bangalore-560054
www.msrit.edu

2024

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, the project work entitled “An IoT based system to monitor
cyclist's posture” is carried out by Lalith Paydankar P (1MS21EC404),
Chandrashekar M (1MS21EC401), Ganesh (1MS21EC402) Bonafide students of
Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, in partial fulfilment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belgaum, during the year 2023 -2024. It is certified that
all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been
incorporated in the report. The report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements with respect to the dissertation work prescribed for the said degree.

Guide HOD Principal

Flory Francis Dr. Maya V Karki Dr. N V R Naidu

Assistant Professor Professor and HOD, Principal,
Department of E & C Department of E & C RIT, Bangalore
RIT, Bangalore RIT, Bangalore

Name & Signature of Examiners with Date: -

1)

2)

2
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Project entitled “An IoT based system to monitor
cyclist's posture” has been carried out independently at Ramaiah Institute of
Technology under the guidance of Flory Francis, Associate Professor, Department
of Electronics and Communication, RIT, Bangalore.
We hereby declare that work submitted in this report is our own, except where
acknowledged in the text and has not been previously submitted for the award of
the degree of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum or any other
institute or University

Signature of Students:

1. Lalith Paydankar P (1MS21EC404)

2. Chandrashekar M (1MS21EC401)

3. Ganesh (1MS21EC402)

Place: Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore Date:

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The immense satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the

project would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it
possible. I consider it our honour to express our deepest gratitude and respect to
the following people who always guided and inspired us during the Project.

We are deeply indebted to Dr N. V. R. Naidu, Principal, RIT, Bangalore for

providing us with a rejuvenating master course in a very creative learning
environment.

We are much obliged to Dr Maya V Karki, Professor & HOD, Department of

Electronics and Communication Engineering, RIT, Bangalore for her constant
support and motivation.

We sincerely thank my guide Flory Francis, Assistant Professor, Department of

Electronics and Communication Engineering, RIT, Bangalore and express our
humble gratitude for her valuable guidance, inspiration, encouragement and
immense help which made this project a success.

We sincerely thank the Chairperson of the group Dr. B. Sujatha and Dr.
S.Imaculate Rosaline for reviewing our project work and providing valuable
suggestions. We also thank all the faculty members of the Department of E&C,
RIT for their kind support in carrying out this project successfully.

4
 ABSTRACT

In this report we propose a bike monitoring system for cyclist via internet of things (IoT). This bike
technology help athlete in monitoring their posture via internet of things (IoT) in order to obtain
the required data in terms of health and performance. The data that have been transmitted can be
synchronized or displayed on a web application platform. It enables the athletes and coach to
monitor and record their health conditions and cyclist’s performances. The heart rate sensor used
to monitor the cyclist’s heart rate. The pulse oximetry sensor used to measure oxygen saturation
inside cyclist’s body. The GPS module used to locate the cyclist’s location. We introduced a
wireless cycling posture monitoring using Zigbee communication that contact with sensor unit and
Web application. it is hard for the cyclist and coach to monitor the health condition and cyclist’s
performance in real time Without the monitoring system for cyclist via IoT technology. In order
to improve cyclist daily performance monitoring system for cyclist is essential.
The fatalities that occur during cycle accidents are mostly because of severe head injury. Most of
the casualties from accidents are due to poor communication of the concerned agencies and late
arrival of medical assistance. After an accident, if the victim remains unattended, it puts the life
of the victim in more danger as the time goes by. It is stated that a delay of 5 minutes or more
to initiate the rescue operations increases the fatality by 10% to 20%. Detecting an accident as soon
as it occurs, notifying it to a nearby hospital, friends and family members about the condition
through SMS then tracking the real time location of the victim is essential. Hence, an accident
detection system is installed along with posture monitoring system.

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 CONTENTS
CHAPTERS PAGE NOS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 8
1.2 Problem Statement 9
1.3 Objective And Scope 9
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE SURVEY 10
2.1 Literature Survey 1 10
2.2 Literature Survey 2 11
2.3 Literature Survey 3 12
CHAPTER 3: METHEDOLOGY
3.1 Proposed Design 13
3.2 components 15
3.3 proposed work 18
3.3.1 Sensor Integration 18
3.3.2 Microcontroller and Communication Modules 18
3.3.3 User interfacr and Display 19
3.3.4 Datat Processing and Analysis 19
3.3.5 System Testing and Validation 19
3.3.6 Documentation and User Training 19
3.3.7 Deployment and Maintenance 19
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS & CONCLUSION
4.1 Results 20
4.1.1 Demo Module 20
4.1.2 Posture Monitoring System LCD display Results 20
4.1.3 Posture Monitoring System Web Application Results 21
4.1.4 Discussion on Posture Monitoring System 21
4.1.5 Accident Detection System Results 22
4.1.6 Discussion on Accident Detection System 22
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
5.1 Conclusion 23
5.2 Future Work 23

REFERENCES 24

6
List of Figures
Figure no. Title of the figure Page
no.
1. Posture Monitoring System Flow Chart 13
2. Block Diagram 14
3. Demo module 20
4. Real Time Testing Results 20
5. Web Application Log-in Page 21
6. Posture Modes in Web Applications 21
7. Accident Indication In LCD Display 22
8. Accident occurrence message with GPS location 22
9. Live Location Of Athlete 23

List of tables

Table Name of table Page

no. no.
1 Hardware Components 17
2 Software Components 18

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Cycling has grown in popularity as a form of exercise, recreation, and transportation. As cyclists
hit the roads and trails, ensuring their safety and well-being becomes paramount. The advent of
Internet of Things (IoT) technology offers an innovative solution to enhance the monitoring, safety,
and performance of cyclists through the development of a comprehensive bike monitoring system.
This system not only focuses on monitoring the cyclist's posture, heart rate, and oxygen saturation
but also incorporates real-time location tracking and accident detection capabilities.

The primary objective of this project is to develop a state-of-the-art bike monitoring system that
leverages IoT technology to provide real-time insights into the cyclist's health and performance. By
integrating posture monitoring sensors, heart rate sensors, pulse oximetry sensors, and a GPS
module, this system aims to offer cyclists and coaches valuable data to optimize training regimes,
prevent injuries, and enhance overall performance.

However, the safety of cyclists extends beyond just monitoring health and performance metrics.
Accidents can happen unexpectedly, and the consequences can be severe, especially when it comes
to head injuries. One of the major challenges during cycling accidents is the delay in
communication and the arrival of medical assistance, which can significantly impact the outcome
and increase fatality rates.

To address this critical safety concern, an accident detection system is incorporated into the bike
monitoring system. This system is designed to detect accidents promptly, notify nearby hospitals,
friends, and family members about the cyclist's condition through SMS, and track the real-time
location of the victim. By reducing the response time and facilitating immediate medical attention,
this feature aims to mitigate the risks associated with cycling accidents and improve overall safety.

In summary, this project aims to develop a multifaceted bike monitoring system that combines
health monitoring, performance tracking, location tracking, and accident detection capabilities
using IoT technology. By doing so, it seeks to enhance the cycling experience, ensure cyclist safety,
and contribute to the continuous improvement of cycling training and performance optimization.

8
 1.2 Problem Statement

Riding with a balanced and relaxed body position may seem like a basic skill for a cyclist, but it is
something that even experienced riders struggle with and can cause frustration for a beginner.
After getting a professional bike fit, proper body position is usually the next thing we look at when
diagnosing pain while riding. It may sound simple, but reminding yourself to maintain a posture
for a long ride is hard, but proper training strategy is a key to overcome this problem. it's
universally accepted that training hard and smart will lead to performance gains. However,
what has yet to be instilled in the minds of most cyclists is the fact that riding fast is not just
about power output, it’s also about good cycling posture. There is a right way and a wrong
way to ride a bike, and to know which is the right way a posture monitoring system is
essential during the training process.

1.3 Objective and Scope

The primary objective of this project is to develop and implement a comprehensive bike monitoring
system for cyclists using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This system aims to monitor and
analyse the cyclist's posture to ensure correct positioning and prevent injuries, track vital health
metrics such as heart rate and oxygen saturation to provide insights into cardiovascular and
respiratory health, and provide real-time location tracking for route optimization and safety
monitoring. Additionally, it enables athletes and coaches to access synchronized data through a
user-friendly web application platform for continuous monitoring and performance analysis.
The system further enhances the overall training experience by offering data-driven insights and
personalized training recommendations based on individual performance and health parameters.
The scope of this project encompasses key areas including sensor integration, which involves the
development and integration of posture monitoring sensors, heart rate sensors, pulse oximetry
sensors, a GPS module, and Zigbee communication technology for wireless connectivity. Web
application development focuses on designing a platform with features for real-time monitoring,
historical data analysis, goal setting, and alert notifications while ensuring data privacy and
protection through integrated security measures. Data synchronization and analysis involve
developing algorithms and analytics tools to process and analyse transmitted data, implementing
data synchronization mechanisms between the sensor unit, web application, and cloud storage, and
providing insights and recommendations for performance optimization and injury prevention.

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Literature Survey I

[1] António F. Maio and José A. Afonso, Member, IAENG “Wireless Cycling Posture
Monitoring Based on Smartphones and Bluetooth Low Energy” , Proceedings of
the World Congress on Engineering 2020 Vol I WCE 2020, July 1 - 3, 2020, London,
U.K.

This work presents the implementation of a wireless network based on Bluetooth Low Energy
(BLE) which enables the integration of multiple sensor nodes into a smartphone-based system in
order to monitor the posture of cyclists. The developed posture monitoring system obtains the
orientation in space of each body segment in which the sensor nodes are placed and calculates the
trunk angle, the knee angle and the angle of inclination of the road. Raw sensor data are collected
periodically from accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscopes and sent via BLE to an Android
smartphone, which plays the role of central station and performs the data processing concerning
the posture calculation. We describe the development of the hardware and software of the sensor
nodes, which are based on the CC2540 BLE system-on-chip, as well as the development of the
Android application, and provide experimental results concerning the measurement of the posture
of a cyclist in order to validate the proposed system.

Cycling performance is significantly affected by the body posture. This paper proposed a system
that monitors the posture of cyclists in real-time through the use of sensor nodes placed on the
user’s body, which send the raw data via BLE to an Android smartphone, where it is processed in
order to extract the posture angles. Unlike posture measurement systems based on cameras, this
system does not require line of sight or controlled lighting conditions. Due to its portability, it can
be used either by amateur or professional athletes, during training or competition. Currently, the
gyroscopes of the sensor modules are not being used. Their data are acquired via SPI and are
received the application, but are not used along with the accelerometer and magnetometer readings
in the calculations. In the future the gyroscope readings may be used to compensate eventual
measurement errors, in order to contribute to enhance the accuracy in the calculation of the posture.
In the future this system will be integrated into another developed Android application which
provides a georeferenced database with measurements of several relevant cycling parameters, such
as route, velocity, torque, cadence, power output and heart rate, and offers the functionality of
visualization of the information in a map.

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 2.2 Literature Survey II

[2] Akhilesh Nadkarni1, Omkar Mudrale2, Rashi Saraf3, Harshali Zodpe4 Vishal
Pansare5“IOT Controller for Smart Bicycle”, 2021 IEEE 9th International
Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), 2021, pp. 1-6, doi:
10.1109/ISCO.2021.7282250.

People purchase a bicycle for transportation, recreation or for keeping themselves fit. Technology
has been used to manufacture smart bicycles, making the traditional bicycles inferior in terms of
tracking various parameters. In order to overcome this, an IoT controller can be attached externally
to a traditional bicycle making them smart! The system, which is budget friendly, provides various
functionalities which is aimed to be presented through this paper. A smart lock is incorporated in
order to lock/unlock the bicycle. The Hall Effect sensor module is used to measure the distance
travelled and the calories burned through cycling is calculated using the algorithm devised. The
bicycle’s location can be tracked, and this is achieved using the GPS module which gives the real
time positioning of the bicycle. Our system comes with an application which aims to provide the
user a friendly interface in order to keep a track of the parameters like distance travelled, calories
burned, real-time location of their bicycle. The ThingSpeak server is used as the cloud platform in
order to store the data and to establish a communication between the Hardware and the Application.

The system is built keeping in mind all the aims and objectives. The traditional bicycle can be easily
converted to a smart one with the help of our smart kit. The system is built using all the open source
software’s and sites. So, it is economical as well as easy to use. The system involves
communication between the hardware, Thingspeak server and the Mobile App. The bicycle with
this smart kit can be used to travel from one location to another location. Also, it can be used to
keep a track of the fitness measures which can prove to be useful to the user.

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 2.1 Literature Survey III

[3] Ajmain Inqiad Alam, Mahfuzur Rahman ”IoT Enabled Smart Bicycle
Safety System“, in Joint 7th International Conference on Informatics,
Electronics & Vision (ICIEV) and 2nd International Conference on Imaging,
Vision & Pattern Recognition (icIVPR), 978-1-5386-5163-6/18/$31.00 ©2019
IEEE

Bicycle crushes with automobile vehicles in roads mostly in curved roads and kills thousands
of bicyclist with great injuries in every year. This fact indicates the importance of advancement
in conventional vehicle systems. This paper presents a prototype model of smart bicycle safety
system using Arduino Mega 2560 and Arduino Uno Rev3. The system consists of hand gesture
and push button to show turn direction of rider, send messages along with location if rider is in
trouble and indicates if it is safe to take a turn or not. The system is very cost efficient and
provides safety and security for riders of bicycle and other low-end vehicles
This paper focuses on to implement a smart bicycle safety system using IoT. the system has
IR sensor and button to indicate which way rider is going. So that, the vehicle those are behind
the bicycle can know riders intention. Sonar sensor has used to show the rider if it is safe to
take a turn or not. To track the vehicle, we are using Ai thinker 7 module. By using this module,
we are getting location data and sending it to cloud. SW420 vibration module is used to detect
any collision or accident. This system is very cost effective and bike rider safety is main focus
of this system.

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CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Proposed Design

Fig 1: Posture Monitoring System Flow Chart

The figure that is shown above is posture monitoring flow chart, it describes development
workflow for the bike monitoring system begins with interfacing the ADXL335 accelerometer
with Arduino to establish communication and enable data reading. Following this, calibration
tests are conducted on all integrated sensors to ensure accurate and reliable readings, aligning
them with predefined calibrated values. Suitable subjects (cyclists) are then selected for testing,
and the ADXL335 accelerometer is appropriately placed on each subject to capture posture
data during cycling. Subsequently, measurements are taken and compared with the calibrated
values to verify the accuracy of the sensor readings. The system then undergoes real-time

13
analysis to monitor posture under different conditions: normal, standard/moderate, and
sport/fast postures. For each posture, the total time maintained is recorded to assess consistency
and endurance. Upon completion of these steps, the development and testing phase concludes,
marking the end of the workflow for the bike monitoring system.

Fig 2: Block Diagram

The figure that is shown above is block diagram, which has Arduino UNO, ADXL 335(2), Spo2
sensor, LCD, ADXL 345, Node MCU, GPS, Zigbee, Voltage regulator, Heartbeat Sensor,
Vibration sensor and voltage regulator. The bike monitoring system is designed to provide
comprehensive monitoring and analysis of a cyclist's health, posture, and performance,
incorporating a variety of sensors and components. Two ADXL335 accelerometers are used as
primary sensors for monitoring posture, each equipped with a magnetometer and gyroscope
functionalities to capture orientation and angular velocity data. The Spo2 sensor measures
oxygen saturation levels in the cyclist's blood, offering insights into respiratory efficiency and
potential overexertion during cycling. The heartbeat sensor monitors the cyclist's heart rate in
real-time, providing valuable data on cardiovascular health and exercise intensity. An LCD
(16X2) display module is integrated to present real-time data and system status to the cyclist
or coach during monitoring sessions. The Arduino UNO serves as the main control unit,
interfacing with all sensors and transmitting data to the Node MCU for further processing and

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analysis. A GPS module is included for real-time location tracking, allowing for route
optimization, safety monitoring, and accident detection. The system also features an ADXL345
which serves as a tilt angle sensor for accident detection. The Node MCU, based on the
ESP8266 WiFi module, facilitates wireless communication between the sensors, Arduino
UNO, and the web application via Zigbee or Wi Fi. A vibration sensor is incorporated to detect
sudden movements or impacts, aiding in accident detection and triggering emergency alerts if
necessary. A voltage regulator maintains a stable voltage supply to all components, ensuring
consistent performance and preventing potential damage due to voltage fluctuations. Lastly, a
web application provides a user-friendly platform accessible via the internet or a local network,
displaying synchronized data from all sensors, offering real-time monitoring, historical data
analysis, and personalized recommendations for athletes and coaches.

3.2 Components

HARDWARE COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

The Arduino UNO is a popular open-source

microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P chip. It features digital and
analog input/output pins that can be used to
interface with various sensors, actuators, and
other electronic components.
Arduino UNO (1)

The ADXL335 is a small, low-power, 3-axis

accelerometer from Analog Devices. It
measures acceleration in three perpendicular
axes (X, Y, Z) and provides analog voltage
outputs proportional to the acceleration in
ADXL335(2) each axis.

The ADXL345 is a versatile 3-axis digital

accelerometer produced by Analog Devices.
Unlike its predecessor, the ADXL335, which
provides analog voltage outputs, the
ADXL345 outputs digital data over an SPI
(Serial Peripheral Interface) or I2C (Inter-
Integrated Circuit) interface, making it easier
ADXL345(1) to interface with microcontrollers and digital
systems.

15
 A GPS (Global Positioning System) module is
a device that receives signals from a network
of satellites orbiting the Earth to determine its
precise geographical location. The module
GPS(1) typically consists of a GPS receiver, antenna,
and processing unit.

An LCD 16x2 (Liquid Crystal Display 16

characters by 2 lines) is a commonly used
alphanumeric display module that consists of
16 columns and 2 rows of characters, allowing
for the display of up to 32 characters at a time.
These modules utilize Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD) technology to produce characters,
LCD 16x2 (1)
numbers, and simple graphics on a screen.

A Zigbee module is a wireless communication

device based on the Zigbee protocol, which is
a low-power, low-data-rate wireless
communication standard designed for short-
range, low-cost, and reliable communication
between devices. Zigbee modules typically
consist of a Zigbee radio transceiver,
Zigbee module (2) microcontroller, and antenna, all housed in a
compact module.

A 12V to 5V voltage regulator module is an

electronic device designed to convert an input
voltage of 12V to a stable output voltage of
5V. This type of voltage regulator is
commonly used in electronic circuits and
systems to provide a consistent and reliable
power supply to components that require a 5V
voltage regulator (1)
input.

The Node MCU is an open-source IoT

(Internet of Things) platform based on the
ESP8266 WiFi module. It combines the

16
 capabilities of a microcontroller with WiFi
connectivity, making it easy to connect
devices and sensors to the internet or local
network. The Node MCU board is equipped
with an ESP8266 microcontroller, flash
Node MCU board (1) memory, and a USB interface for
programming and power supply.

A vibration sensor module is an electronic

device designed to detect and measure
vibrations or sudden movements in its
environment. It typically consists of a
piezoelectric sensor element, an amplifier
circuit, and output interface components.
When subjected to vibration or movement, the
piezoelectric sensor generates a voltage signal
vibration sensor (1)
proportional to the intensity of the vibration.

Table 1: Hardware components

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

Arduino IDE The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development

Environment) is an open-source software
platform used to write, compile, and upload
code to Arduino microcontroller boards and
compatible devices. It provides a user-
friendly interface for programming Arduino
boards, making it accessible to both
beginners and experienced developers. We
used this software to interface all the sensors
and read sensor data.

Visual Studio Code The web application in the system will

enable the coach to view the posture that the
athlete is maintaining. And it also records the
total time of a posture that is maintained. To
design the web application the software that
we used is VS code. Visual Studio Code (VS

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 Code) is a free, open-source code editor
developed by Microsoft. It provides a
powerful and versatile environment for
software development across multiple
programming languages. While it is not
limited to any specific platform, VS Code has
gained significant popularity among
developers working on web development,
cloud applications, IoT, and more.

Python IDLE To read the data that is being transferred from

the ZigBee and set timer for all 3 postures
and applying conditions we used python
IDLE. Python IDLE (Integrated
Development and Learning Environment) is
an integrated development environment for
Python, included with the Python
programming language distribution. It
provides a simple and interactive
environment for writing, testing, and
debugging Python code.

Table 2: Software Components

3.3 Proposed Work

The proposed work for developing the posture monitoring system involves a comprehensive
approach that encompasses sensor integration, data processing, communication modules, and
a user interface. Below is a detailed breakdown of the proposed work:

3.3.1 Sensor Integration:

• ADXL335 and ADXL345: Interfacing and integrating both ADXL335 and
ADXL345 accelerometers to capture precise posture data.
• GPS Module: Implementing the GPS module to track and record the cyclist's
location and route.
• Vibration Sensor: Adding a vibration sensor to detect any sudden impacts or
collisions, aiding in accident detection.
• Voltage Regulator: Integrating a voltage regulator to ensure stable power
supply to all components.
3.3.2 Microcontroller and Communication Modules:
• Arduino UNO: Utilizing Arduino UNO as the primary microcontroller for data
acquisition and processing.
• Node MCU: Integrating Node MCU for IoT capabilities and wireless
communication.
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 • Zigbee: Implementing Zigbee communication technology for wireless
connectivity between sensors and the main system.
3.3.3 User Interface and Display:
• LCD (16X2): Incorporating an LCD display to provide real-time feedback to
the cyclist regarding posture, heart rate, and other vital metrics.
• Web Application: Developing a user-friendly web application platform to
display synchronized data, enable real-time monitoring, and provide historical
data analysis. The web application will also facilitate communication between
the cyclist, coach, and medical personnel in case of emergencies.
3.3.4 Data Processing and Analysis:
• Developing algorithms and analytics tools to process and analyze the data
collected from various sensors.
• Implementing data synchronization mechanisms to ensure seamless data flow
between the sensor unit, microcontroller, web application, and cloud storage.
3.3.5 System Testing and Validation:
• Conducting rigorous testing of the integrated system to ensure functionality,
reliability, and accuracy.
• Validating sensor readings by comparing them with calibrated values and
conducting real-world tests with selected cyclists.
3.3.6 Documentation and User Training:
• Creating comprehensive documentation, including user manuals, technical
specifications, and system architecture.
• Providing training sessions and tutorials for cyclists, coaches, and other end-
users to familiarize them with the system's functionalities and operation.
3.3.7 Deployment and Maintenance:
• Deploying the bike monitoring system in real-world cycling scenarios for field
testing and feedback collection.
• Establishing a maintenance and support system to address any technical issues,
provide updates, and ensure the smooth operation of the system post-
deployment.

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CHAPTER 4: RESULTS & DISCUSSION
4.1 RESUTS
4.1.1 Demo Module

Fig 3: Demo Module

In the above picture a demo module of cyclist’s posture monitoring system is shown. Which
has Arduino UNO board, ADXL 335(2) for posture data collection, Spo2 sensor for oxygen
saturation level, LCD to display posture positions, ADXL 345 for accident detection, Node
MCU to send a message when accident is occurred, GPS to track cyclist’s location, Zigbee to
transmit data to web application, Voltage regulator, Heartbeat Sensor, Vibration sensor for
accident detection and voltage regulator.

4.1.2 Posture Monitoring system LCD display results

Normal posture Standard / Moderate posture Sport / Fast Posture

Fig 4: Real Time Testing Results

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These three pictures are three different posture angles, first one is the normal posture, cycling
for long periods of time (on a traditional bicycle and not a recumbent) will strengthen some of
the back muscles needed for healthy posture. In order to put weight on the pedals, a bicyclist
will be flexing back muscles.
Second one is moderate posture This mode promotes endurance and the overall performance
of the heart and lungs, and the musculoskeletal system — especially the spine. In contrast to
other forms of exercise such as jogging or aerobics, Standard posture cycling is less jarring to
the body; the spine in particular.
Third one is Fast posture which benefits Shifting body position on a bike redistributes the
weight the bike carries. Leaning forward puts more weight on the front wheel. Leaning forward
also extends your torso and makes you more aerodynamic reducing drag from the air.

4.1.3 Posture Monitoring system Web Application results

Fig 5: Web Application login page

A login page is essential for web applications for various reasons. Firstly, it enables user
authentication, ensuring only authorized individuals access sensitive information, thus
maintaining security. Secondly, it facilitates personalization and user profiles, tailoring
experiences based on preferences. Thirdly, it upholds data privacy and security measures by
verifying user identities. Moreover, it enables user accountability through activity tracking,
aids access control and permissions management, and initiates secure session management.
Additionally, it serves as a point of interaction, facilitating communication with users and
enabling features such as user accounts and password management. While not mandatory for
all applications, implementing a login page is often prudent for those requiring authentication,
privacy, and access control.

21
 Fig 6: Posture modes in web application
The web application has three modes of posture angles and a timer for each of them, timer
under a posture runs until the cyclist maintains that particular posture and timer freezes when
cyclist changes his/her posture, timer will restart when the cyclist returns to that particular
posture angle. This will help the coach to know for how long the cyclist has maintained a
particular posture. Tracking time of training will help the coach to introduce new strategies and
methods which the cyclist has to follow.

4.1.4 Discussions on posture monitoring system

The posture system within the comprehensive bike monitoring setup offers tangible benefits to
cyclists by focusing on the ergonomics and alignment during rides. With the use of primary
sensors like the ADXL335 accelerometers, cyclists receive immediate feedback on their
posture, enabling real-time adjustments for improved ergonomics and comfort. The LCD
display module offers instant insights into posture metrics, allowing cyclists to make on-the-
fly corrections to maintain optimal alignment and reduce the risk of injuries. The web
application also synchronizes data from module, providing a redundancy in posture monitoring
and ensuring uninterrupted and reliable posture data collection. Cyclists can review historical
posture trends, set posture goals, and receive personalized recommendations on maintaining
optimal alignment. This continuous feedback loop between the posture system and the web
application empowers cyclists to make informed decisions about their riding position, leading
to improved performance, reduced fatigue, and minimized strain on the body during both
training and competitive rides.

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4.2 Accident detection system results

Fig 7: Accident indication in LCD display

Fig 8: Accident occurrence message with GPS location

An accident occurrence message with GPS location is a concise notification sent from a device
or application to alert relevant parties about an accident or emergency situation, along with the
precise geographical coordinates of the incident. This message serves as a vital communication
tool in scenarios where immediate assistance or intervention is required. By including the GPS
location, responders can quickly locate the affected individual or area, expediting emergency
response efforts and potentially saving lives. This notification typically contains essential
details such as the type of incident, timestamp, and any additional relevant information to
facilitate a prompt and effective response.

23
 Fig 9: Live location of athlete

4.2.1 Discussions on accident detection system

The bike monitoring system's accident detection feature utilizes multiple sensors and
components to ensure the safety of cyclists during their rides. The ADXL345 accelerometer
serves as a tilt angle sensor, detecting sudden changes in the bike's orientation that may indicate
a fall or impact. Complementing this, the vibration sensor confirms these abrupt movements,
enhancing the system's accuracy in accident detection. When an accident is detected,
immediate alerts are triggered through the web application, notifying the cyclist, their
emergency contacts, or authorities as programmed. Alongside the alert, the system also sends
the cyclist's real-time location to their mobile phone, providing precise information about
where the accident occurred. This location data is accompanied by a message detailing the
potential incident, ensuring that the cyclist and their contacts are well-informed and can take
appropriate actions swiftly. This real-time alert mechanism and location sharing ensure swift
responses to potential accidents or emergencies, offering cyclists added security and peace of
mind while on the road. The integration of these advanced sensors, the web application, and
mobile notifications not only monitors the cyclist's health and performance but also
significantly enhances safety by promptly identifying, communicating, and pinpointing
potential hazards or accidents, thereby fostering a safer riding environment.

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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK
5.1 Conclusion
The development of a cyclist posture monitoring system, integrated with accident detection
and health condition monitoring, represents a significant advancement in ensuring the safety
and well-being of cyclists. By continuously tracking posture, detecting accidents in real-time,
and monitoring vital health metrics, such as heart rate and oxygen levels, this system not only
enhances the safety of cyclists on the road but also promotes proactive healthcare management.
Implementing such technology can lead to a reduction in cycling-related accidents and injuries.
the application of this technology in sports cycling offers athletes invaluable insights into
biomechanics, potentially leading to performance gains and competitive advantages. As the
popularity of cycling grows both as a recreational activity and a competitive sport, the
integration of posture monitoring systems is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future
of cycling, this innovation has the potential to revolutionize the cycling experience, making it
safer, more enjoyable, and conducive to overall better health outcomes for cyclists worldwide.

5.2 Future Work

1. Replacement of Sensors with Wireless Sensors:
Traditional sensor systems often involve wired connections, which can be cumbersome and
limit mobility. By replacing these with wireless sensors, the cyclist posture monitoring system
becomes more practical and user-friendly.
2. Collection and Calibration of Data for Different Sports:
The posture monitoring system can be adapted and calibrated to cater to various sports and
activities. Different sports may require specific posture metrics or performance indicators, and
by collecting and calibrating data accordingly, the system can provide tailored insights and
recommendations for athletes across different disciplines.
3. Commercialization:
Commercialization involves bringing the cyclist posture monitoring system to market for
widespread use and adoption. This process entails manufacturing, marketing, and distributing
the product to target audiences, such as cycling enthusiasts, professional athletes, and sports
teams.

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