IDT Module 2
IDT Module 2
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21IDT19
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MODULE-2
Design thinking tools, methods, practices, and frameworks are part of both visible and invisible work, which
is always being done “backstage” as part of most companies’ innovation processes. More specifically, it is
the heart of the process of building environments (physical and now virtual) that help facilitate new business
ideas.
We have recently released our Innovation Report, where we shared our belief that Design Thinking
still makes a difference within the business innovation context. Furthermore, we think it will continue to be
impactful throughout the next decade. However, we don’t want to leave you with such a strong statement
without giving you a taste of something more tactical. Something you can put into practice now.
We are not saying that you should run an entire Design Thinking process or an expert holistic
diagnosis by yourself. You, of course, will need professional help to unlock such opportunities. But by using
the following tools, you will become aware of the new possibilities and potential that design thinking and its
processes can offer your teams; how the same co-workers will be able to think differently and present new
and more consistent and structured ideas; and how their implementation can leverage the level of your
deliveries.
The time for chit-chat is over, the moment has arrived for you to check out our 30-tool-starter-pack to
boost your innovation.
To make it even simpler, you could say that Design Thinking is an innovative approach based on the
designer’s thoughts, combining creativity and empathy to create innovative solutions.
IMMERSION TOOLS
1. Exploratory Research
A preliminary field research for the team to understand the context surrounding the problem.
2. Desk Research
Search for information on the project’s theme from different sources: websites, books, magazines,
blogs, articles, etc.
3. In-depth Interviews
Obtaining information through dialogue, mainly with users/developers about the
product/service/process.
4. Awareness Notebooks
Instruments used to obtain data, usually when the user is physically distant.
5. Ethnographic research
Ethnography is a branch of anthropology, which aims to understand behaviors and cultural
relationship dynamics by conducting field research. It achieves its objectives by talking with and observing
people and their social interactions. It can be used with groups, teams, organizations, in a nutshell, with every
kind of group.
It’s a qualitative method where researchers observe and/or interact with a study’s participants in their real-life
environment with no preparation — doing wherever they are, doing whatever they do.
7. Generation Research
Meetings with team members and stakeholders to carry out activities to present their views and share
their experience with the project thus far.
8. Focus Group
Survey used to check people’s reactions to a particular issue or product. The method is considered an
advanced qualitative research technique and should be used when one wants to understand consumer habits,
observing their particularities and individual behavior.
It is conducted by a mediator and carried out by volunteers who meet in-person to answer open-ended
questions about a specific and predetermined topic.
9. Shadowing
Monitoring a user over a certain period that includes their interaction with the product or service
under analysis.
The Affinity Diagram is a tool that allows you to organize ideas during brainstorming sessions. The
goal is to take large amounts of information and/or insights and understand the essence behind that content.
Essentially, the proposal is to group ideas based on affinity, similarity, dependence, or proximity.
Then put them into a diagram within the macro areas that identify a topic to be worked on, subdivisions, and
interdependencies. Get closer to your target’s interests using affinity diagrams.
It’s usually portrayed with nodes (boxes or circles), which are hierarchically structured and connected
by the arcs (lines or arrows).
The idea behind the process is to create a knowledge system for any topic. In our recent experience working
100% remotely, some online tools have emerged as a solution for us to share these insights, such as Miro and
MindMeister.
The Empathy Map is a visual tool that analyzes and describes behavioral aspects of the ideal
customer. With this simple and didactic Design Thinking resource, it is possible to detail scenarios, thoughts,
actions, problems, and the needs of your target audience.
The more you know about your audience, the more you’ll be able to understand what they need and how to
help them fulfill their desires, problems, and expectations.
When there is a lot of field information, it is used to better concentrate on understanding the target audience.
The protagonist of the Map is always the customer, but it is also of use to app users, audience
members, service consumers. In other words, anyone who relates to what your business offers.
15. Personas
Personas are fictional archetypes that embody the brand’s values and represent the ideal customer’s
perspective.
If you live on this round piece of land called Earth, you’re probably tired of hearing that personas are
fictional and general representations of a target audience with similar attitudes, objectives, needs, and
behaviors.
What may be slipping out of your field of vision is that personas play a relevant role in the
customization of solutions, providing insights that can be used to promote personalized experiences.
A service Service Blueprint is essentially a diagram that shows, in general, the relationships between
different solutions (like products and services) and its components (people, physical or digital evidence, and
processes), that are directly tied.
It works as a visual schematic matrix representing the whole system of interactions that
straightforwardly characterize a service. Since blueprinting acts as a sort of magnifying glass for the
customer journey, the best place to use it is within highly complex experiences. Services that take place over
multiple touchpoints or require coordination between various departments.
18. Reframing
Examining unanswered questions in a company from different perspectives, allowing for the
deconstruction of biases and assumptions about a business, product, or service.
A Customer Journey Map is a visual representation of every experience your customers have with
you, your services, products, basically your entire brand. Journey maps illustrate all the touchpoints that your
clients may have through visuals that tell the story of how they moved through each phase of interaction.
They are often based on a timeline of events, for example, from initial attraction – when a customer
first makes contact with you, all the way through to their final purchase and post-purchase support.
IDEATION TOOLS
20. Brainstorming & Brainwriting
It is a creative process to encourage those involved in the project to generate many ideas quickly.
Brainstorming meetings where before the creative discussion starts, everyone writes their ideas anonymously
on pieces of paper, which are shuffled afterward.
A Minimum Viable Product, as you are probably aware, is the simplest version of a product, service,
or functionality to obtain your value proposition’s market validation.
It can help you avoid risks and provides a platform for product validation. It also separates ideas from
execution, theory from practice, and the abstract from the concrete.
27. Wireframing
Wireframing is a prototype used in interface design to sketch the structure of a digital product such as
websites or applications, briefly exemplifying the relationships between its pages and other key elements in
the interface.
In detail, it consists of a simple visual representation, usually in grayscale, of the structure and
functionality of a single web page or a sequence of linked pages.
28. Storyboard
Visual representations of a story through static frames. They are created from drawings, collages,
photographs, or any other type of graphic representation.
As you have seen, Design Thinking is a very useful approach to solving complex problems. There is a
reason why the most innovative companies have teams dedicated to it and invest in hiring specialized
consultants on the subject.
WHAT WE FOUND
Researchers identified three design process needs, based on accessing past knowledge, enhancing
current interactions and clarifying future directions.
To connect teams with the past knowledge, researchers built a searchable database of 12 years of
ME310 team documents and assignments.
To improve teams’ knowledge capture and interpersonal dynamics, researchers explored real-time
conversation transcription, speaker identification, and sentiment analysis software. Researchers tracked
speaker activity and intensity with a heat map of sound energy.
To improve teams’ focus on future actions, researchers used transcripts and Wizard-of-Oz
prototyping to identify key concepts and action items.
Generating a list of tasks-to-perform received positive feedback from students. Automating this
process also proved to be a challenge, and was instead performed by a human coder reviewing meeting
transcripts. Researchers applied conversation analysis such as Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to identify
conversation themes and sentiment. Finally, they also prototyped a critical moments interface, which allows
teams to highlight moments that seem in-the-moment to be important, which can be used for other team
1. Sprintbase
2. Miro
3. MURAL
4. Shape by IDEO
5. Smaply
6. Digsite
7. Batterii
8. Stormboard
9. Google Docs, Sheets, & Slides
10. Conceptboard
11. Google Jamboard
12. Shape
13. FigJam
1. SPRINTBASE
Sprintbase is a design thinking software program that guides teams through the innovation process
step-by-step. The methods and tools help teams tackle their creative problems, learn to collaborate
successfully, and save time and money in the process through engaging digitally. Sprintbase was developed
by expert design thinking practitioners, has been featured in Forbes, and is used by organizations like Ebay,
CapGemini, Deloitte, and ABInBev. Sprint Base helps remote teams confidently apply design thinking,
embed innovation skills, and get results.
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Miro (formerly Realtime Board) is a simple online whiteboard tool for collaboration and creation.
You can brainstorm new ideas together in real time, make connections between ideas and product solutions,
and more. This is a great tool for the ideation and strategic planning process. We also like the visual nature of
creating maps and diagrams to bring your ideas to life in a digital space. See our post to learn more about
what is Miro and how to use Miro for virtual collaboration and realtime whiteboarding.
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3. MURAL
MURAL is a visual collaboration space for your teams to work more efficiently. The platform
provides shared, digital “whiteboards” that allows you to explore challenges and organize your ideas in one
place. The features and tools they offer are growing rapidly and fit with many different frameworks and
design thinking stages. Mural has a number of templates that you can work from and collaborate with others
on that are based on some of the most popular activities in the design thinking, agile, and innovation world.
It’s a good solution for remote collaboration. See our post to learn more about what is Mural and how to use
Mural for design thinking and design sprints.
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5. SMAPLY
Smaply provides several unique editors that relate to design thinking processes. The first is a persona
editor tool that allows you to create custom user personas based on your customers. The software also has a
journey map editor and a stakeholder map designer so that you can collaborate with your team and design
strategically from the very beginning of the process.
6. DIGSITE
Digsite is a platform designed for qualitative research to empower your ideas. Get to know your
target customers intimately and quickly with their customized research focus-group-like methods.
7.BATTERII
Batterii is a multi-platform tool in which you can gain powerful insights into your customers. The
software allows you to collect consumer insight research from anywhere on the web. You can keep
everything together in one place, and manage your team’s efforts easily with the tool.
8. STORMBOARD
Stormboard is a shared sticky note and whiteboard software tool for innovation teams. You can
generate many ideas, prioritize them, organize, and refine them within this efficient and easy to use tool.
10. CONCEPTBOARD
Conceptboard is another virtual whiteboard and collaboration software tool for innovation-focused
teams. With an infinitely generating blank canvas, you can work together with your team to generate ideas,
organize thoughts, and quickly and easily narrow in on your focus and plans.
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11. GOOGLE JAMBOARD
Google Jamboard is a very simple online realtime whiteboarding tool that is gaining in popularity. It
offers a big upgrade in features to the whiteboards you find built into your online meeting tools (like Zoom’s
whiteboard feature). It doesn’t have as many features as the popular Miro and Mural whiteboards. Google
Jamboard is popular with teachers and in education, as well as with facilitators leading design thinking
sessions online with groups that may not be very tech savvy. Google Jamboard does include the digital sticky
notes and an image search tool that make collaborative whiteboards a powerful visual tool.
12. SHAPE
Shape is similar to many other whiteboard tools on this list, including Mural and Miro, in that it offers
a visual blank canvas for users to collaborate and brainstorm together. This tool, developed by IDEO, also
offers surveys, shared workspaces, and other helpful features like adding images, videos, and links within the
canvas. Templates also make it easy to get up and running with the software quickly.
13. FIGJAM
FigJam by Figma is a robust whiteboard tool that allows you to use sticky notes and shapes, freehand
draw, react with stickers and stamps, and copy and paste between the tool and the original Figma platform.
Empathy is an important element in Design Thinking and Human-Centered Design. What is empathy
exactly? Why is empathy so important to designing solutions that actually work for people? Here, we’ll not
only look at what empathy means, but will also look at how it helps design thinkers create solutions that
work and, conversely, how a lack of empathy can result in product failure. We’ll also come to understand the
empowering notion that everyone can master empathy and design truly human-centered solutions.
EMPATHISE
“Empathise” is the first stage of the Design Thinking process. The following stages can be
summarised as: Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test. In the empathise stage, your goal, as a designer, is to gain
an empathic understanding of the people you’re designing for and the problem you are trying to solve. This
process involves observing, engaging, and empathising with the people you are designing for in order to
EMPATHISE METHODS
The following are our favourite Empathise methods:
● Assume a beginner’s mindset
● Ask What-How-Why
● Ask the 5 whys
● Conduct interviews with empathy
● Build empathy with analogies
● Use photo and video user-based studies
● Use personal photo and video journals
● Engage with extreme users
● Story share-and-capture
● Bodystorm
● Create journey maps
However, you will need to understand the following nuances and potentials of empathy before you
start using the above (amazing) methods.
This feeling of pity and sorrow may not only rub people up the wrong way, but it is also useless in a
Design Thinking process. In Design Thinking, we are concerned with understanding the people for whom we
are designing solutions—for doing something that can help them. When we visit our users in their natural
environments in order to learn about how they behave, or when we conduct interviews with them, we are not
WHY EMPATHY?
Besides the problems with designing solutions based on averages, our mass consumerism has a
further issue: the high rate at which we are generating waste. In the past decade, our consumption has turned
global warming from a growing issue to an imminent crisis that threatens to change the way we live (and
even survive). Design Thinking, and in particular empathy, is about creating solutions that are sustainable
and focused on all pertinent areas that can affect us in the long term.
Author/Copyright holder: Teo Yu Siang and Interaction Design Foundation. Copyright terms and licence: CC
BY-NC-SA 3.0
From a purely business profit-driven perspective, empathy is an essential component of any sound
business solution. If we develop solutions in isolation, without essential insights about our users, we may
create solutions that completely miss the mark and thus be ignored by the market. For example, many MP3
players have come and gone without much creating much of an impact, whereas the iPod was very successful
at not only providing a technological solution but also providing a completely desirable and profitable
experience, which resulted in Apple’s taking a market lead.
“No one could understand why you’d want to have that thing on your face, in the way of normal
social interaction.”
– MIT Technology Review
The commercial failure of Google Glass can be traced to Google’s lack of empathy towards users:
voice-activated actions are socially awkward, the camera creates a privacy concern for people around the
Glass user, and the device doesn’t seem to solve any specific user needs.
Author/Copyright holder: Embrace Innovations. Copyright terms and licence: Fair Use.
The end result was The Embrace Warmer, which has the potential to save thousands of lives. The
Embrace Warmer is capable of going where no incubator could go before, due to its portability and
dramatically reduced production costs. The Embrace Warmer is an ultra-portable incubator which can be
Had the team only thought of designing incubators, they may have developed a semi-portable lower
cost incubator, which would still not have made it into remote villages. However, with the help of
empathy—i.e., understanding the problems mothers in remote villages face—the design team designed a
human-centered solution that proved to be optimal for mothers in developing countries. The objective of
empathic research is uncovering, at times, intangible needs and feelings, that indicate what should ideally
change in the product, system, or environment we're focusing on. Empathic research reveals the deeper needs
and root causes, which, if addressed correctly, may profoundly change the project we're investigating. Instead
of constantly designing new patches to cover or ease the symptoms only momentarily, we have the power to
create a paradigm shift and provide a wide range of benefits packaged into a single solution. We can create
new markets and move whole communities closer to higher order needs and goals. We can change the world
when we operate at the appropriate levels.
Below are some reflections and ideas on fostering a thriving design organisation within a globally
distributed product team — and how to leverage the best of asynchronous and real-time communication.
Starting in 2016, Whisk evolved into a distributed company and I started working less and less in a
physical office space with team members around me. While I greatly value the freedom and flexibility that
distributed working offers, I do miss the magic of in-person design collaboration. Being distributed naturally
introduces friction and forces us to adopt new ways of working together.
Since Whisk went fully distributed, I’ve always been experimenting with ways to create a digital
version of the ‘open office’ of yesteryear, where you can stroll over to another designer’s desk to see what
they are working on, using the technology at our disposal and the benefits of asynchronous collaboration.
Here are a few tactics that we’ve used in our globally distributed design team
We use Slack for ongoing asynchronous design updates and feedback cycles.
Showing thought process in Figma —capturing design thinking next to the designs helps others get
up to speed faster and give more valuable feedback. Give context on constraints, directions explored, and
where you really need feedback.
Loom, iPad, Pencil, and Sidecar are a powerful combination for fast visual feedback.
Sometimes crude tablet sketches are the best way to nurture and spread ideas.
This is an often under-utilised superpower of designers and helps supercharge every day situations, it
helps other designers take the next step faster. Learning to communicate visually quickly is something we’re
actively training within the design team here.
Figma makes visual ideation so easy with component libraries. It’s easy to create prototypes at
lightning speed. But high-fidelity isn’t always appropriate or accessible so another tactic I’ve been exploring
recently (especially for ideas that are more early stage and abstract), is using my iPad and Pencil to create
“napkin” sketches in real-time. It’s surprisingly fun, creative, and collaborative on otherwise mundane video
calls.