PRESSURE-PAPER-4-SET-4-QP-MS

1
A vertical cylinder has a smooth well-fitting piston in it. Weights can be added to or removed
from a tray on the top of the piston.

(a) Weights are added to the tray, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

weights

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piston

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air

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cylinder

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Fig. 6.1
so
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(i) State what happens to the pressure of the air in the cylinder as a result of adding
these weights.
m

............................................................................................................................ [1]
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(ii) The initial pressure of the trapped air is 1.05 × 105 Pa. When the weights are added,
the volume of the air decreases from 860 cm3 to 645 cm3.
te

The temperature of the air does not change.

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Calculate the final pressure of the trapped air.

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pressure = ................................................ [3]

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(iii) The area of the piston is 5.0 × 10–3 m2.

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Calculate the weight that is added to the piston.

weight added = ................................................ [4]

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 (b) The weights are kept as shown in Fig. 6.1. The temperature of the air in the cylinder is
increased.

(i) State what happens to the volume of the air in the cylinder as a result of this
temperature rise.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) State how, if at all, the pressure of the air changes as the temperature changes.

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............................................................................................................................ [1]

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(iii) State what must be done to prevent the volume change in (b)(i).

............................................................................................................................ [1]

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(iv) The volume change in (b)(i) is prevented. State what happens to the pressure of

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the air in the cylinder.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

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[Total: 12]
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MARKING SCHEME:
(a) (i) increases B1

(ii) pV = const in any form C1

1.05 (× 105) × 860 (× 10–6) = p × 645 (× 10–6) C1
1.4 × 105 Pa A1

(iii) F = pA in any form accept weight for F C1

EITHER increase in pressure = 0.35 × 105 (Pa) C1
0.35 × 105 × 5.0 × 10–3 C1
175 N (minimum 2 s.f.) c.a.o. A1
OR 1.05 × 105 × 5.0 × 10–3 or 525 N or 1.4 × 105 × 5.0 × 10–3 or 700 N (C1)
700 – 525 N e.c.f. from (a) (ii) (C1)

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175 N (minimum 2 s.f.) c.a.o. (A1)

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(b) (i) increases B1

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(ii) no change B1

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(iii) extra weight (on tray/piston) B1

(iv) increases B1

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[12]
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2 Fig. 3.1 shows a hydraulic lift in a car repair workshop.

m
car support

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hydraulic fluid

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so 4 pistons, each
of area 0.02 m2
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piston A, area 0.01 m2
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Fig. 3.1
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The hydraulic fluid transmits the pressure, caused by piston A, equally to each of the four pistons
holding up the car supports. The pressure throughout the fluid is the same.
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A force of 1000 N on piston A is just enough to raise the car.

ar

(a) Using values from Fig. 3.1, find

m

(i) the pressure caused by piston A on the fluid,

.s
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pressure = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the total upward force caused by the fluid.

force = ......................................................... [3]

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 (b) The weight of each of the two car supports is 1000 N.

Calculate the mass of the car.

m
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mass = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

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MARKING SCHEME:
(a) (i) (P =) F/A in any form OR 1000/0.01 C1
100 000 Pa accept N/m2 A1

(ii) multiplication of either force or area by 4 C1

0.08 × his (i) OR 0.02 × his (i) C1
8000 N e.c.f. from (i) A1
(2000 N gets C0, C1, A1)

(b) his (ii) – 2000 correctly evaluated C1

600 kg e.c.f. A1

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[Total: 7]

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3 (a) Complete Fig. 4.1 to show a simple mercury barometer. Insert the correct labels in the
boxes. Label with the letter h the measurement required to calculate the pressure of the
atmosphere.

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[3]

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Fig. 4.1

(b) The value of h taken using this barometer is 0.73 m. The density of mercury is 13 600 kg / m3.
so
Calculate the value of the atmospheric pressure suggested by this measurement.
Use g = 10 m / s2.
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m
xa

atmospheric pressure = ...........................................................[2]

(c) Standard atmospheric pressure is 0.76 m of mercury. Suggest a reason why the value of h in
te

(b) is lower than this.

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...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]
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[Total: 6]
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MARKING SCHEME:
4 (a) surfaces shown at realistic levels in dish and tube AND vertical height h between
levels clearly shown B1
top label: vacuum / mercury vapour B1
bottom label: mercury B1

(b) (P =) hdg OR 0.73 × 13600 × 10 C1

99280 Pa at least 2 s.f. B1

(c) one from:

abnormal weather / atmospheric conditions o.w.t.t.e.

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air in space above mercury in tube
barometer is in a high altitude location o.w.t.t.e.
space above mercury is not a vacuum B1 [6]

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ignore atmospheric pressure varies ignore temperature

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 A soldier wears boots, each having an area of 0.016 m2 in contact with the ground.

4 The soldier weighs 720 N.

(a) (i) Write down the equation that is used to find the pressure exerted by the soldier on the
ground.

m
(ii) Calculate the pressure exerted by the soldier when he is standing to attention, with both

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boots on the ground.

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pressure = ...............................................................
[2]

(b) The soldier is crossing a sandy desert.

so
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Explain, stating the relevant Physics, why this soldier is at an advantage over another soldier
who has the same weight but smaller feet.
m

...................................................................................................................................................
xa

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................................[2]
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(c) The soldier’s unit is sent to a cold country, and on one occasion he has to cross a frozen lake.
m

Suggest one way that the soldier can reduce the risk of the ice breaking under his weight.
.s

...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................................[1]
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[Total: 5]

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MARKING SCHEME:
(a) (i) ( P =) F/A words or symbols B1

(ii) 22 500 Pa B1

(b) less pressure B1

less sinking B1

(c) any suggestion which involves increasing the area in contact with the ice
e.g. snow shoes / skis B1 [5]

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5
(a) Explain

(i) how gas molecules exert a force on a solid surface,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

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(ii) the increase in pressure of a gas when its volume is decreased at constant
temperature.

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..................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [3]

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(b) A cylinder of volume 5.0 × 103 cm3 contains air at a pressure of 8.0 × 105 Pa.
so
A leak develops so that air gradually escapes from the cylinder until the air in the cylinder
is at atmospheric pressure. The pressure of the atmosphere is 1.0 × 105 Pa.
re
Calculate the volume of the escaped air, now at atmospheric pressure. Assume that the
temperature stays constant.
m
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m
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volume = ............................................cm3 [4]

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[Total: 8]
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MARKING SCHEME
(a) (i) (Force exerted when) molecules hit wall / surface / solid (and rebound) B1
Allow (force) due to momentum change in collision

(ii) Molecules/atoms/particles collide with / push against walls B1

more (often) B1
(so) bigger force / push B1

NOT collide faster

(b) P1V1 = P2V2 OR PV = constant C1

8.0 × 105 × 5000 = 1 × 105 × V2 C1

m
V2 = 40 000 cm3 C1
Volume escaped = 40 000 – 5000 = 35 000 cm3 A1 [8]

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6
A diver is at a depth of 25 m beneath the surface of a lake. He carries a cylinder of
high-pressure air on his back.

(a) (i) Explain how the air molecules exert a pressure on the inside surface of the cylinder.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................. [3]

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(ii) The diver gradually uses up the air in the cylinder. Explain why the pressure falls.

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..................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

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(b) The density of the water in the lake is 1000 kg / m3 and the atmospheric pressure at the
surface is 1.0 × 105 Pa. so
Calculate the total pressure 25 m beneath the surface of the lake.
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total pressure = ................................................. [3]

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[Total: 7]
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MARKING SCHEME:
(a) (i) atoms/molecules/particles move or collide (ignore with each other) B1
atoms/molecules/particles collide with (inside) surface/wall M1
force (exerted) on wall etc. or force/unit area or force spread-out A1

(ii) fewer atoms/molecules/particles and fewer collisions (with wall) B1

(b) (P =) hρg or 25 × 1.0 × 103 × 10 C1

hρg + patm or 25 × 1.0 × 103 × 10 + 105 or 2.5 × 105 C1
3.5 × 105 Pa *Unit penalty applies A1 [7]

*Apply unit penalty once only

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7 Complete the following statements by writing appropriate words in the spaces.

The pressure of a gas in a sealed container is caused by the collisions of

...................................... with the container wall.

An increase in the temperature of the gas increases the pressure because the

...................................... of the ...................................... increases.

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The force on the wall due to the gas is the pressure multiplied by the ..........................

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of the wall. [2]

(b) A mountaineer takes a plastic bottle containing some water to the top of a mountain.

s.
He removes the cap from the bottle, drinks all the water and then replaces the cap, as
shown in Fig. 6.1.

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On returning to the base of the mountain, he finds that the bottle has collapsed to a
much smaller volume, as shown in Fig. 6.2.

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Fig. 6.1 Fig. 6.2

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(i) Explain why the bottle collapsed.

.s

..................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................. [2]

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 (ii) At the top of the mountain the atmospheric pressure was 4.8 × 104 Pa and the
volume of the bottle was 250 cm3.

Calculate the volume of the bottle at the base of the mountain where the pressure
of the air inside the bottle is 9.2 × 104 Pa. Assume no change of temperature.

m
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volume = .................................................. [3]

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[Total: 7]

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MARKING SCHEME:
(a) molecules OR atoms OR particles
speed OR velocity OR kinetic energy
molecules OR atoms OR particles
(Surface) area B2
any four correct gains 2 marks, two or three correct gains 1 mark

(b) (i) (when cap is screwed on) at top of mountain:

pressure of air in bottle = the low pressure of the air outside
OR is less than pressure at bottom of mountain
OR is low B1

m
(at bottom of mountain) bottle collapses because pressure outside (bottle) is

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greater than pressure inside B1

(ii) Boyle’s law applies OR PV = constant OR P1V1 = P2V2 C1

9.2 × 104 × V = 4.8 × 104 × 250

s.
C1
130 cm3 A1

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[Total: 7]

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