Mathematical Tools - WorkBook
Mathematical Tools - WorkBook
DAY 01 01
Coordinate Geometry
Trigonometry
Algebra
Mathematical Series
DAY 02 05
Binomial Expression and Approximation
Functions and Graphs
Logarithms
DAY 03 09
Differentiation and its Applications
Integration
DAY – 01
TOPIC
1. Find the distance of point (–12, 5) from the origin.
Coordinate Geometry
Trigonometry
Algebra 2. Find the distance between points
Mathematical Series (i) (5, 4) and (6, 7)
(ii) (–7, 3) and (7, –6)
Coordinate Geometry
Origin
This is any fixed point which is convenient to you. All 3. Find the value of a if distance between (a, 3) cm and
measurement are taken w.r.t. this fixed point. (–2, 6) cm is 5 cm.
y
x (x, y)
Trigonometry
y y Arc(s)
Angle (θ) =
Radius(r)
origin x x
(0,0)
Distance Formula
us
arc
d= (x 2 − x1 ) 2 + (y 2 − y1 ) 2 di s
Ra
r
Straight line Equation and its Graph
y r
O Radius
c
+
Perpendicular (P)
P
sin θ = H)
c H s e(
te nu
x cos θ =
B po
–x Hy
H
P
tan θ =
y = mx + c B Base (B)
Here m & c are known as slope of the line and intercept on the
y-axis, respectively. 1 H 1 H
sec
= θ = cosec
= θ =
Slope: cos θ B sin θ P
y2–y1 y y
m = x –x = 1 B
x cot
= θ =
tan θ P
2 1
y2
l y
Trigonometric Identities
y1
x l = (x) + (y)
2 2
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ 1 + cot2 θ = cosec2θ
c
–x x
x1 x2 4. The two shorter sides of right angled triangle are 5 cm
and 12 cm. Let θ denote the angle opposite to the 5 cm
side. Find sin θ, cos θ and tan θ.
2 NEET (DROPPER)_PHYSICS P
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Maximum and Minimum values of some useful
trigonometric functions
5. Find x, y and perimeter of the triangle shown
5 cm (i) −1 ≤ sin θ ≤ 1
53º
(ii) −1 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1
y x
(iii) − a 2 + b 2 ≤ a cos θ ± b sin θ ≤ a 2 + b 2
b
sum of roots =
x1 + x 2 =
−
a 18. The value of ‘a’ for which one root of quadratic equation
(a2 –5a + 3) x2 + (3a – 1) x + 2 = 0 is twice as large as
c
product of roots
= x=1x 2
other is:
a
2 −2
Quadratic equation and its graph (1) (2)
y = ax2 + bx + c 3 3
y 1 −1
(3) (4)
3 3
Mathematical Series
Arithmetic progression (AP)
–x x General form: a, a + d, a + 2d, ..., a + (n – 1)d
y = ax2 + bx + c Here a = first term, d = common difference
2
b −D n n
=a x + + Sum of n terms = [a + a + (n − 1)d]= [ 2a + (n − 1)d ]
2a 4a 2 2
where D = b2 – 4ac Geometrical Progression (GP)
General form: a, ar, ar2, ..., arn–1 Here a = first term,
r = common ration
a > 0 (U shaped) a(1 − r n )
Sum of n=terms Sn ,r <1
1− r
a(r n − 1)
=Sn ,r >1
r −1
a < 0 (inverted) a
U - shaped Sum of ∞ term,
= S∞ , r < 1 and for n = ∞, Sn = ∞, r > 1.
1− r
a > 0 ☺⇒ smiling parabola. (parabola opens upwards)
a < 0 ☻⇒ sad parabola. (parabola opens downwards)
19. Find the sum of first n natural numbers.
–3
(2) x (4) x
27. The sum of 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ..... upto n terms is: –1/3
–1/3
28. Find the sum to n terms of the sequence, 8, 88, 888, 34. The equation of line making an angle 135º with the
8888.... . positive x-axis and passing through a point (2, 3)
will be:
(1) y – x = 5 (2) y = x – 5
29. If α and β are the roots of 4x2 + 3x + 7 = 0, then the (2) y – x = 1 (4) y = – x + 5
1 1
value of + is:
α β
4 3 35. Which of the following statement is not correct for
3 3
(1) (2) − (3) (4) − following straight line graph:
7 7 7 4
y
Line (1)
Line (2)
x
30. Find the value of hypotenuse:
y
y = a cos x
1. Calculate the value of:
a
(i) 0.99
(ii) (1030)1/3 x
101
(iii) –a
98
Exponential function and its graph
y y
x –x
2. The mass m of a body moving with a velocity v is given y = ae y = ae
m0
by m = where m0 = rest mass of body = 10 kg
v2 a a
1− 2 x x
c Circle and Ellipse
and c = speed of light = 3 × 108 m/s. Find the value of m
at v = 3 ×107 m/s. x 2 y2
Circle: x2 + y2 = a2 Ellipse: + 1
=
a 2 b2
y 2 2 2
x +y =a
3. Calculate the approximate value of:
(i) 52
O a
1 x
(ii) (130) 3
Circle
49
(iii)
47
6 NEET (DROPPER)_PHYSICS P
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y x 2 y2
+ =1
a 2 b2 9. Which of the following curve is related to function
T 2 ∝ 3
b
a x
O
(1) T2 (2) T
2
y Rectangular Hyperbola
1 (3) T2 (4) T2
y
x
xy = constant
10. The variation of current flow in a circuit is given as I =
x I0 e–t/RC. The graph representing I vs t will be:
I I
I0
(1) (2)
6. The points where the line y = x intersect the curve I0
t t
x2 + y2 = 32 is:
I
(1) 4 2, 4 2 (2) 4, 4 I
I0
(3) −4 2, −4 2 (4) –2, –2 (3) (4) I
0
t t
8. Time period of oscillations of a pendulum is given by 12. Calculate the value of:
(i) log1016
T = 2π then graph between T & is:
g (ii) log104 + log1012
(1) Straight line (2) Parabola (iii) log1064
(iv) log103 – log1024
(3) Ellipse (4) Rectangular hyperbola
Mathematical Tools 7
13. log 25 + log 4 – log 5 is equal to: 21. Simplify the following, using Binomial theorem.
(1) log 20 (2) log 25 ∆θ 4
(3) log 15 (4) log 10 E = K 1 + − 1 , where θ∆ << θ0.
θ0
2K∆θ 4K∆θ
(1) (2)
14. loge 15 is equal to: θ0 θ0
(1) loge 3 + loge 5 (2) loge 5 – loge 3
K∆θ
(3) loge 10 + loge 5 (4) loge 10 – loge 5 (3) (4) None of these
θ0
x
15. log5x – log5(y) = 2, find the value of .
y 22. Find the value of log101035
(1) 100 (2) 25 (1) 28 (2) 32
(3) 50 (4) 75 (3) 36 (4) 35
16. Find approximate value of the 0.95 : 23. Find the value of log1015
(1) 1 (2) 0.595 (1) 1.171 (2) 2.271
(3) 0.60 (4) 0.975 (3) 0.5 (4) 0.25
18. Find approximate value of the (4.04)3. 25. log2 x = 3, find the value of x:
(1) 60.05 (2) 75.63 (1) 8 (2) 16
(3) 65.92 (4) 55.72 (3) 32 (4) 64
19. Find approximate value of the (9.6)4. 26. log10 (xy) = 2, find the value of xy:
(1) 4200 (2) 3600 (1) 500 (2) 300
(3) 2100 (4) 8400 (3) 100 (4) 400
20. If acceleration due to gravity g at height h << R where R 27. If velocity v varies with time (t) as v = 2t – 3, then the
h
−2
plot between v and t is best represented by:
is radius of earth gn = g0 1 + then using binomial
R v v
theorem which is correct?
(1) gn = g0 (1) t (2) t
O O
2h
g n g 0 1 −
(2) =
R
v v
2h
g n g 0 1 +
(3) =
R
(3) (4)
h t t
(4) =
g n g 0 1 − O O
2R
8 NEET (DROPPER)_PHYSICS P
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28. Find the value of (1 + x)3, if x << 1. 32. Graph of x2y = 2 is best represented by:
(1) 1 + 3x (2) 1 – 3x y y
(3) 1 + 3x (4) 1 + 3/2x
(1) (2)
x x
y y
29. The spring force is given by F = –kx, here k is a constant
and x is deformation of spring. The F–x graph is: (3) (4)
F F
x x
(1) X (2) X
(1) (2) X
(3) X (4) X
X
–3
y
y
(3) 1
X (4) X
–2
–3
30. The magnitude of slope of graph in figure at point A, B
and C is mA, mB and mC respectively, then:
y
34. Assertion (A): If y=x2 then y vs. x curve will be
A parabola.
Reason (R): y = 1/x, y vs. x curve will be hyperbola.
B
C (1) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason
is correct explanation of the Assertion.
x
(2) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is
(1) mA > mB > mC (2) mA < mB < mC not correct explanation of the Assertion.
(3) mA = mB = mC (4) mA = mB < mC
(3) If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(4) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.
31. Which graph is the best representation for the given 35. A parallelogram ABCD is shown in figure
equation, y = 2x – 1? y
y y B (0, 1)
(–2, 0) (2, 0)
x
A C
(1) x (2)
D (0, –1)
x
Column-I Column-II
y y (A) Equation of side AB (I) 2y + x = 2
(B) Equation of side BC (II) 2y – x = 2
(C) Equation of side CD (III) 2y + x = –2
(3) x
(4) x (D) Equation of side DA (IV) 2y – x = –2
Correct matching is:
(1) A-II; B-I; C-IV; D-III (2) A-I; B-II; C-IV; D-III
(3) A-II; B-IV; C-III; C-I (4) A-III; B-I; C-IV; D-II
DAY – 03
Average Rate of Change
TOPIC
Differentiation and its Applications y+ y
Q
Integration y
p
y
Differentiation and its x
R
x x+ x
Applications ∆y f ( x + ∆x ) – f ( x )
=
y = f (x) ∆x ∆x
dy
f‘(x) = , Derivative of a function
dx
"y prime" Nice and brief but does not name the dy f ( x + ∆x ) – f ( x )
y' = lim
or "y dash" independent variable dx ∆x →0 ∆x
Tangent
dy Names the variables and used d for ∆y dy
"dy by dx" = = tan θ
dx derivative ∆x →0 ∆x dx
df
"df by dx" Emphasizes the function's name.
dx
Chain rule
dy dy du 6. What is the minimum value of y for the curve
= . y = – 8x3 + x4.
dx du dx
It sometimes helps to think about the Chain Rule the
following way.
7. A ball is thrown vertically upward in the air. Its height y
If y = f (g(x)), at any time t is given by y = 10t – 5t2 where y is in meters
dy and t is in seconds. What is the maximum height attained
= f ' g ( x ) .g ' ( x ) . by the ball?
dx
19. ∫ (1 – 3 x3 ) dx
Integration
Inverse process of differentiation
d
dx
( f=
( x )) f ′ ( x ) ⇒ ∫ f ′ ( x ) dx = f ( x ) + c 6 x2 + 4
20. ∫ dx
x2
n+1
d
dx
( x
n+1
) ( n + 1) x n ⇒ ∫ x n dx =
=
x
n +1 Definite Integrals
b b
Basic formulae of integration: Following are a few basic ∫ a f ′ ( x ) dx = f ( x ) =f (b ) − f ( a )
a
formulae of integration:
1. ∫ dx =x + C
5 2
2. ∫ adx =ax + C 21. Evaluate the integral: ∫ x dx
1
3. ∫ x n dx
= (( xn+1 ) / ( n + 1)) + C; n ≠ −1
4. ∫ sinxdx =
−cosx + C
π
5. ∫ cosxdx =
sinx + C 22. ∫ (sin x + cos x) dx
0
6. ∫ sec xdx =
2
tanx + C
7. ∫ cosec xdx =
2
−cotx + C x =1
8. ∫ secx ( tanx ) dx =
secx + C
23.
∫
x = –1
(ax 2 + b) dx
∫ cosec x ( cotx ) dx =
2 2
9. −cosec x + C
10. ∫ (1 / x ) dx =
ln x + C π /2
24. ∫ sin (3 x –1) dx
11. ∫ e dx = x
e +C
x x =0
12 NEET (DROPPER)_PHYSICS P
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x
x=a x=b
x
dx 31. Find the area bounded by the curve y = 4 – x 2 from
ydx = f(x) dx x = –2 to x = 2
b
between x = a and x = b is
∫ f(x) dx
Average value a
x=b
32. Find the shaded area bounded by the curve y = x and
∫ f ( x)dx
Area under the curve
y = x as shown in figure?
If y = f(x) than y or yaverage = x=a
= y
b–a interval
y=1
x3
29. Find the shaded area bounded by line y = x and y = x2 as 35. Statement-I: ∫ x 2 dx
=
3
+c
shown in figure.
∫e =
x2 3/3
ex
y
Statement-II:
dx +c
y=1
(1) Statement-I and Statement-II both are correct.
(2) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
x
(3) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
x=1 (4) Statement-I and Statement-II both are incorrect.
Mathematical Tools 13
Answer Sheet-Day-1
5 12 5
1. 13 2. (i) 10 (i) 277 3. –6 or 2 4. , and 5. 3, 4 and 12
13 13 12
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6. (i) 1, (ii) –1 (iii) , (iv) –1, (v) , (vi) − , (vii) –1 (viii) − , (ix) , (x) 1 7.(i) − , (ii) − , (iii) − , (iv) − 3
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
5 12 24 7 3 −1 3 −1 π π π
8. (i) (ii) 9. (i) , (ii) − , (iii) , (iv) 10. (i) , (ii) , (iii) 11. –2 to 2
13 13 25 25 2 2 2 2 180 36 60
3 5 −3 ± 57 2 9 3
12. (i) 2 to 14 (ii) –5 to 5 (iii) –9 to 17 13. (2) 14. x = or x = –1 15.(i) 1, − (ii) 16.(i) , (ii) , 2 17. (3)
2 3 4 5 5 4
n(n + 1) 2
18. (1) 19. 20. (2) 21. 676 22. 23. 77 24. (3) 25. (3) 26. (1) 27. (3)
2 3
80 n 8
28. (10 − 1) − n 29. (2) 30. (3) 31. (4) 32. (4) 33. (4) 34. (4) 35. (4)
81 9
Answer Sheet-Day-2
1. (i) 0.995, (ii) 10.01, (iii) 1.015 2. 10.05 kg 3. (i) 7.21, (ii) 5.067, (iii) 1.02 4. 9.61 m/s2 5. (1) 6. (2)
7. (1) 8. (2) 9. (1) 10. (3) 11. 1.079 12. (i) 1.204, (ii) 1.681, (iii) 1.806, (iv) –0.903 13. (1)
14. (1) 15. (2) 16. (4) 17. (1) 18. (3) 19. (4) 20. (2) 21. (2) 22. (4) 23. (1)
24. (4) 25. (1) 26. (3) 27. (2) 28. (1) 29. (3) 30. (1) 31. (1) 32. (3) 33. (3)
2 x −6 q +1 2
p ( x + 1)3 3 4
16. (i ) x13/2 + c, (ii ) − + c, (iii ) x q + c 17. − +c 18. +c 19. x − x +c
13 6 p+q x 3 4
4 124 a 1 3π
20. 6x − + c 21. 22. (2) 23. 2 + b 24. – cos – 1 – cos (1)
x 3 3 3 2
GMm 1 32
25. 26. (2 units) 27. (1) 28. (1) 29. 30. (1) 31. units
R 6 3
1
32. units 33. (2) 34. (1) 35. (2)
6
14 NEET (DROPPER)_PHYSICS P
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NOTES