Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Example 11_M. Analysis of structure with option to modify stiffness of soil

(METEOR system)

In this lesson you will learn how to:

– generate different variants of design model;
– use structural blocks (StB);
– generate integrated DCF according to results of multivariant analysis;
– analyse reinforcement according to integrated DCF of multivariant analysis.

Description:
Model of the framework and sections of elements in the framework are presented in Fig.11.1.
Material for framework – reinforced concrete B25.
3D framework with base slab (foundation slab) on elastic foundation with the following modulus of subgrade
reaction (subgrade modulus):
3
– variant 1 C1 = 1000 t/m ;
– variant 2 C1 = 5000 t/m3;
– variant 3 C1 = 1000 t/m3 at the second span, C1 = 0 t/m3 at the first span;
– variant 4 C1 = 1000 t/m3 at the first span, C1 = 0 t/m3 at the second span.

Loads (variants 1, 2, 3 and 4):

– load case 1 – dead weight;
– load case 2 – dead uniformly distributed load g1 = 1.5 t/m2 applied to floor slabs of the 1st and the 2nd
floor; dead uniformly distributed load g2 = 2 t/m2 applied to soil;
– load case 3 – snow load g3 = 0.08 t/m2.

Loads (variant 2):

– load case 4 – earthquake load. Seismicity of the area – 7 units of magnitude, soil category – 1.
Unfavourable direction of earthquake load – along the smaller side of the structure.

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Figure 11.1 Model of the framework and sections of element

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

On the taskbar, click the Start button, and then point to All Programs. Point to the folder that contains
LIRA SAPR / LIRA-SAPR 2015 and then click LIRA-SAPR 2015.

Step 1. Creating new problem

On the FILE menu, click New (button on the toolbar).

In the Model type dialog box (see Fig.11.2), specify the following data:
problem name – Example11_M;
model type – 5 – Six degrees of freedom per node.

Click OK .

Figure 11.2 Model type dialog box

It is also possible to open the Model type dialog box with a pre-defined type of model. To do this, on
the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), point to New and click Model type 5 (Six DOF per node)

command . One more way to do the same: on the Quick Access Toolbar, click New and in the drop-

down menu select Model type 5 (Six DOF per node) command . Then you should define only
problem name.

To save all output data files for the problem in certain directory, select appropriate check box. The
directory name will coincide with the name of the problem. This directory will appear in the directory for
files with analysis results. This is helpful if you have to find output data files for certain problem, then
transfer these files or review and evaluate them with the help of Windows Explorer or other file managers.

Step 2. Generating model geometry

To generate 3D frame:
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Create panel, point to Create regular fragments and grids

list and click the 3D frame command.

In the Create plane fragments and grids dialog box (see Fig.11.3), specify the following data:
spacing along X: spacing along Y: spacing along Z:
L(m) N M L(m) N M L(m) N M
5 2 10 6 2 12 3 2 1
Clear the Apply restraints check box.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

In the Parameters of foundation slab area, select the Generate side overhangs check box and define
the following data in the Side overhangs area:
width of overhand along X – 1m;
number of FE along X – 2;
width of overhand along Y – 1m;
number of FE along Y – 2;
other parameters remain by default.

Click Apply .

Figure 11.3 3D frame dialog box

To present numbers of nodes on the screen:

On the Select toolbar, click Flags of drawing button .

In the Display dialog box (see Fig.11.4), select the Node numbers check box on the Nodes tab (the
second tab).

Click Redraw .

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.4 Display dialog box

To generate diaphragm:
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Create panel, point to Create regular fragments and grids

list and click the Create wall-beam command.

In the Create plane fragments and grids dialog box (see Fig.11.5), specify angle of rotation about
the Z-axis as equal to 90 degrees.
Specify with the pointer node No.11 (the node will be coloured pink and coordinates of node become
available in the dialog box).
In the table of the dialog box specify the following data:
spacing along the first axis: spacing along the second axis:
L(ì) N L(ì) N
0.5 24 0.5 12

Click Apply .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Figure 11.5 Create plane fragments and grids dialog box

To hide numbers of nodes on design model:

On the Select toolbar, click Flags of drawing button .

In the Display dialog box, clear the Node numbers check box on the Nodes tab.

Click Redraw .

To edit the model:

To switch to projection on the XOZ-plane, on the Projection toolbar (by default, it is displayed at the

bottom of the screen), click Projection on XOZ-plane .

On the Select toolbar, click Select vertical elements and Select horizontal elements . Then
select beams and columns at the place where diaphragm is located (84 elements should be selected).

You can select elements either with a single click or by dragging selection window around
appropriate elements.

To delete selected elements, on the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Edit panel, click Delete selected

objects .
To switch to projection on the XOY-plane, on the Projection toolbar, click Projection on XOY-plane

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button . With
selection window select nodes of slabs in the first right span of the model, as shown in Fig.11.6.

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.6 Select nodes of slabs

To delete selected nodes, on the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Edit panel, click Delete selected

objects . N.B. When you delete nodes, elements adjacent to these nodes will be automatically
deleted.

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button in order
to make this command not active.

On the Select toolbar, click Select vertical elements button in order to make this command not
active.

On the Select toolbar, click Select horizontal elements button in order to make this command not
active.

To present the model in dimetric projection, on the Projection toolbar, click Dimetric projection .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

To pack the model:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Edit panel, click Pack model .

In the Pack model dialog box (see Fig.11.7), click Apply . It is necessary to pack the model in order
to ‘throw together’ coincident nodes and elements and to eliminate (that is, to remove completely)
deleted nodes and elements from design model.

Figure 11.7 Pack model dialog box

The model shown in Fig.11.8 will be displayed on the screen.

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.8 Design model of the framework

To save data about design model:

On the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), click Save command .

In the Save as dialog box specify the following data:
file name – Example11_M;
location where you want to save this file (Data folder is displayed by default).
Click Save.

Step 3. Defining material properties to elements of the model

To create material data sets:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Material properties

button .
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box (see Fig.11.9a), click Add. The list of standard section types
will be presented in the Add stiffness dialog box (see Fig.11.9b).

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

a b
Figure 11.9 Dialog boxes: a – Stiffness and materials, b – Add stiffness

Double-click the Rectangular bar icon in the list. The Define standard section dialog box opens. In this
dialog box you can define material properties for selected type of the section.
In the Define standard section dialog box, specify the following parameters for Rectangular bar (see
Fig.11.10):
modulus of elasticity – E = 3e6 t/m2 (for the U.S. keyboard layout);
geometric properties – B = 40 cm; H = 40 cm;
unit weight of material – Ro = 2.75 t/m3.
To preview schematic presentation, click Draw.

To confirm the specified data, click OK .

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.10 Define standard section dialog box

Then in the Add stiffness dialog box, double-click the T-section (table at the top) icon in the list.

In another Define standard section dialog box, specify the following parameters for T-section (table at
the top):
modulus of elasticity – E = 3e6 t/m2;
geometric properties – B = 30 cm; H = 60 cm; B1 = 70 cm; H1 = 20 cm;
unit weight of material – Ro = 2.75 t/m3.

To confirm the specified data, click OK .

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, select the third tab Plates, solids, numerical and double-
click the Plates icon in the list.
In the Stiffness for plates dialog box (see Fig.11.11), specify the following parameters for Plate (floor
slab):
modulus of elasticity – E = 3e6 t/m2 (for the U.S. keyboard layout);
Poisson's ratio – ν = 0.2;
thickness – H = 20 cm;
unit weight of material – Ro = 2.75 t/m3.

To confirm the specified data, click OK .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Figure 11.11 Stiffness for plates dialog box

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the List of stiffness types, select ‘3.Plate H 20’.
Click Copy two times.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the List of stiffness types, select ‘4.Plate H 20’.
Click Edit.
In another Specify stiffness for plates dialog box specify parameter (for diaphragm):
thickness - H = 30 cm.

Click OK .

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the List of stiffness types, select ‘5.Plate H 20’.
Click Edit.
In another Specify stiffness for plates dialog box specify the following parameter (for foundation slab):
thickness - H = 50 cm.
Click OK.

To hide the library of stiffness parameters, click Add in the Stiffness and materials dialog box.

To assign stiffness to elements of the model:

To select elements of the model, on the Select toolbar, click Structural blocks (StB) button .
In the Structural blocks dialog box (see Fig.11.12), select the first row Block (1) with the comment 3D
frame. In this case, floor slabs and bars will be selected on the model.

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.12 Structural blocks (StB) dialog box

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, when the current stiffness is defined as ‘3.Plate H 20’, click

Apply .
In the Warning box, click OK.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the List of stiffness types, select stiffness type '2.T-
section 30x60'.
Click Set as current type. In this case selected type will be displayed in the Stiffness box in the Assign
to elements of the model area. To assign current type of stiffness, you could also double-click
appropriate row in the list.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply .

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the list of stiffness types, select ‘1.Rect.bar 40x40’.
Click Set as current type.

On the Select toolbar, click Select vertical elements button .

Select all vertical elements with the pointer.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply .

In the Warning box, click OK.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the list of stiffness types, select ‘4.Plate H 30’.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Click Set as current type.

In the Structural blocks dialog box (see Fig.11.12), select the second row Block (3) with the comment
wall-beam.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply .

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the list of stiffness types, select ‘5.Plate H 50’.
Click Set as current type.
In the Structural blocks dialog box (see Fig.11.12), select the second row Block (2) with the comment
slab.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply .

Step 4. Defining parameters of elastic foundation

Select elements of the base slab once again (use the Structural blocks dialog box).
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Moduli of subgrade

reaction button .
In the Define moduli C1 and C2 dialog box (see Fig.11.13), make sure that the Plates check box and
Assign option are selected. To define moduli of subgrade reaction, in the C1z box specify its value as
equal to C1z=1000 t/m3.

Click Apply .

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.13 Define moduli C1 and C2 dialog box

Step 5. Defining boundary conditions

To avoid geometric unstability in the XOY-plane, additional boundary conditions are defined for base
slab (with the help of one-node elements FE 56).These elements are defined at nodes of the base slab.
The stiffness for all FE 56 will be defined as equal to the following value: 70% of stiffness of elastic
foundation C1z multiplied to load area associated with one FE 56.
N.B. 'Load area' is herein taken to mean the area of loaded soil, area that is associated with one-node
FE. See the hatched area in the Figure below.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M
To define stiffness for FE 56:
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Material properties

button .
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Add. The dialog box expands to display the library of
stiffness parameters. In the Add stiffness dialog box, select the Plates, solids, numerical tab (the third
tab).
Double-click the Numerical for FE 56 icon in the list. The Numerical description for FE 56 dialog box
opens.
In the Numerical description for FE 56 dialog box (see Fig.11.14), specify the following parameters for
the section:
stiffness of FE per unit length in tension-compression along the global X-axis – Rx = 175 t/m;
stiffness of FE per unit length in tension-compression along the global Y-axis – Ry = 175 t/m.
To confirm the specified data, click OK .

Figure 11.14 Numerical description for FE 56 dialog box

To add FE 56:
Make sure that nodes of the base slab are selected on the model.
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Create panel, point to Add element drop-down list and click

Add 1-node FE .
The Add element dialog box is presented with the Add one-node FE tab open (see Fig.11.15).
In this dialog box, specify with the pointer FE '56' option.

Click Apply .

Figure 11.15 Add element dialog box

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

When FE 56 are added to design model, stiffness for these FE was assigned as the current one in
the Stiffness and materials dialog box. This stiffness was automatically assigned to these added FE.

Step 6. Applying loads

To create load case No.1:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, select the Loads panel and click Add dead weight .
In the Add dead weight dialog box (see Figure 11.16), click All elements and specify Load factor as

equal to 1. Then click Apply (dead weight of elements is added).

Figure 11.16 Add dead weight dialog box

To create load case No.2:

To change the number of the current load case, click the Next load case button located on the
Status bar or on the toolbar.
To select floor and roof slabs, on the Select toolbar (by default, it is displayed at the bottom of the

screen), click PolyFilter .

In the PolyFilter dialog box, select the Filter for elements tab (the second tab) (see Fig.11.17).
Select By stiffness check box and specify the line '3.Plate H 20'.

Click Apply .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Figure 11.17 Filter for elements tab

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, select the Loads panel, then select Load on plates command
from the Loads on nodes and elements drop-down list.
In the Define loads dialog box (see Fig.11.18), specify Global coordinate system and direction along
the Z-axis (default parameters).

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.18 Define loads dialog box

In the Load type area, click Uniformly distributed load button .

2
In the Load parameters dialog box specify p = 1.5 t/m (see Figure 11.19).

Click OK .

Figure 11.19 Load parameters dialog box

In the PolyFilter dialog box, on the Filter for elements tab, in the By stiffness check box, specify the
line '5.Plate H 50'.

Click Apply .

In the Define loads dialog box, click Uniformly distributed load button.
In the Load parameters dialog box specify p = 2.0 t/m2.

Click OK .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

To create load case No.3:

To change the number of the current load case, click the Next load case button located on the
Status bar or on the toolbar.
In the PolyFilter dialog box, on the Filter for elements tab (the second tab), in the By stiffness check
box, specify the line '3.Plate H 20'.

On the Projection toolbar, click Projection on XOZ-plane .

On the Select toolbar, point to Select elements drop-down list and click Select elements button .
Select all elements of the roof with the pointer.

In the Define loads dialog box, click Uniformly distributed load button.
In the Load parameters dialog box specify p = 0.08 t/m2.

Click OK .

To present the model in dimetric projection, on the Projection toolbar, click Dimetric projection .

To define detailed information about load cases:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, select the Loads panel and click Edit load cases . The Edit
load cases dialog box is displayed on the screen (see Fig.11.20).
For load case 1 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Dead and click Apply

.
For load case 2 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Dead and click Apply

.
For load case 3 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Short-term and click

Apply .

Figure 11.20 Edit load cases dialog box

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Step 7. Generating DCF table

On the Analysis ribbon tab, select the DCF panel and click DCF table button .

As type of load cases was defined in the Edit load cases dialog box (see Fig.11.20), then DCF table
was automatically generated with parameters accepted by default for every load case. Now you should
modify parameters only for the third load case.

In the Design combinations of forces dialog box (see Figure 11.21), select building code
SNIP 2.01.07-85* and specify the following data:
for Load case 3 – in the Summary table for DCF calculation, define Load factor as equal to 1.4 and

then click Apply .

Click OK .

Figure 11.21 Design combinations of forces dialog box

Step 8. Complete analysis of the model

To carry out complete analysis of the model, on the Analysis ribbon tab, select the Analysis panel and

in the Analyse drop-down list, click Complete analysis .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Step 9. Review and evaluation of static analysis results

When analysis procedure is complete, to review and evaluate analysis results, select the Results
ribbon tab.

To hide presentation of loads on design model:

On the Select toolbar, click Flags of drawing button . In the Display dialog box, clear the Loads
check box on the General tab.

Click Redraw .
In the mode of analysis results visualization, by default design model is presented with account of nodal
displacements (see Fig.11.22).

Figure 11.22 Design model with account of nodal displacements

To present diagrams of internal forces:

To display bars, on the Select toolbar, click PolyFilter .

In the PolyFilter dialog box, select the Filter for elements tab (the second tab).
Clear By stiffness option, then select By FE shape check box and select Bars in the list.

Click Apply .

To present on the screen only selected bars, on the Select toolbar, click Fragmentation .

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To display diagram My , on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Moment diagrams

(My) button .
To display diagram Qz , on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Shear force

diagrams (Qz) button .

To display diagram N, on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Axial force diagrams

(N) button .
To display mosaic plots N, on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Mosaic plot of

forces in bars command in the Force diagrams/Mosaic plots drop-down list.

To change number of active load case:

On the status bar (displayed at the bottom of the screen), in the Load case No. list, select No. 2 and

click Apply .

To restore design model in initial view, on the Select toolbar, click Restore model .

To present displacement contour plots:

To present contour plot of displacements along the Z-axis, on the Results ribbon tab, on the
Deformations panel, select the Displacement mosaic/contour plot in global coordinate system

command in the Displacement mosaic/contour plot drop-down list.

Then click Displacements along Z button on the same panel.

To present stress mosaic plots:

To present stress mosaic plot for Mx, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Stress in plates and solids

panel, select the Stress mosaic plot command in the Stress mosaic/contour plots drop-down
list.

Then click Stress Mx button on the same panel.

To present stress mosaic plot for Nx, click Stress Nx button on the same panel.

To present stress mosaic plot for Rz (soil pressure), click Stress Rz button on the same panel.
To present the full picture of stress mosaic plots for Rz in base slab, select the slab with the structural
block option and perform fragmentation.

To restore design model in initial view, on the Select toolbar, click Restore model .

To generate and review tables of analysis results:

To present table with forces in elements of the model, on the Results ribbon tab, select Tables panel

and click Standard tables in the Documents drop-down list.

In the Standard tables dialog box (see Fig.11.23), select Forces in the list.
Click Apply.

By default, standard tables are generated in the *.csv format. Information presented in these tables
is divided into different tabs: input data (optional), e.g. DCF coefficients; output data for bars; output data
for plates; etc.
To generate table in *.csv format and add it to the Report Book, select the Generate updatable table in
Report Book check box. If the table is located in the Report Book, it is possible to update it later (if

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M
required) and add it to the report file with the Report Book options.
To modify format of the table, in the Standard tables dialog box, click Select format. Then in the Table
format dialog box, select appropriate option and click OK. To generate table in Document Maker (DOC-
SAPR module), select RPT format.
Selected format is saved and will be applied by default in further work with standard tables.

Figure 11.23 Standard tables dialog box

To close the table, on the FILE menu, click Close.

Then save current problem.

Step 10. Generating the second variant of the problem

To save the problem under another name:

On the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), click Save as command .

In the Save as dialog box specify the following data:
file name – Example11_M2;
location where you want to save this file (Data folder is displayed by default).
Click Save.

Step 11. Editing moduli of subgrade resction (subgrade moduli)

Select elements of the base slab (use the Structural blocks dialog box).
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Moduli of subgrade

reaction button .
In the Define moduli C1 and C2 dialog box, make sure that the Plates check box and Assign option
are selected. To define moduli of subgrade reaction, in the C1z box specify its value as equal to
C1z=5000 t/m3.

Click Apply .

To unselect nodes, on the Select toolbar, click Unselect all button .

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015
Defining parameters for earthquake analysis of the model

Step 12. Creating dynamic load cases from the static ones
On the Analysis ribbon tab, on the Dynamics panel, click Account of static load cases .
In the Create dynamic load cases from the static ones dialog box (see Fig.11.24), under Generate
mass matrix according to, click Load case (code 1) and to create the first line of the summary table,
specify the following data:
dynamic load case No. – 4;
No. of corresponding static load case – 1;
conversion factor – 0.9.

Click Add .
To create the second line of the summary table, specify the following data:
dynamic load case No. – 4;
No. of corresponding static load case – 2;
conversion factor – 0.9.
Click Add.
To create the third line of the summary table, specify the following data:
dynamic load case No. – 4;
No. of corresponding static load case – 3;
conversion factor – 0.5.
Click Add and then click OK.

Figure 11.24 Create dynamic load cases from the static ones dialog box

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Step 13. Generating table of dynamic load cases

Unfavourable direction of earthquake load is along the smaller side of the structure. As the structure
has dimensions 10 x12 m in plan, the X direction will be the most unfavourable.

On the Analysis ribbon tab, select the Dynamics panel and click Table of dynamic load cases button

.
In the Table of dynamic load cases dialog box (see Fig.11.25), define the following data:
load case No. – 4;
dynamic load type – Earthquake /01.01.2000/SP 14.13330.2011/ (35);
number of analysed mode shapes – 10.
Click Parameters.

Figure 11.25 Table of dynamic load cases dialog box

In the Earthquake analysis parameters dialog box (see Fig.11.26), define the following data:
direction cosines of earthquake load resultant in global coordinate system – CX = 1;
other parameters remain by default.

Click OK .

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.26 Earthquake analysis parameters dialog box

In the Table of dynamic load cases dialog box, click OK.

Step 14. Editing DCF table

On the Analysis ribbon tab, select the DCF panel and click DCF table button .
In the Design combinations of forces dialog box, specify the following data:
in the Summary table for DCF calculation, select the row for the 4th load case.

for Load case 4 – in the Load case type list, click Earthquake (5) and then click Apply .

To generate DCf table, click OK .

Step 15. Complete analysis: the 2nd variant of the model

To carry out complete analysis of the model, on the Analysis ribbon tab, select the Analysis panel and

in the Analyse drop-down list, click Complete analysis .

Step 16. Review and evaluation of analysis results for the 2nd variant of the model

To present mode shapes of the structure:

To change the number of active load case, on the Status bar (displayed at the bottom of the screen), in

the Load case No. list, select No. 4 and click Apply .

To display the 1st mode shape, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Deformations panel, select the Mode

shapes command in the Stress strain state drop-down list.

To display the 2nd mode shape of the 4th load case, on the Status bar (displayed at the bottom of the
screen), in the Mode shape No. (component, period) list, change number of mode shape for 2 and

click Apply .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M
To animate the 2nd mode shape:
To switch to the mode of 3D visualization, either select 3D model command on the Application menu

or click the 3D model button on the Quick Access Toolbar.

To animate the 2nd mode shape of the 4th load case, on the 3D view ribbon tab, on the Animation

panel, click Animate mode shape button .

In the Animate mode shape dialog box (see Fig.11.27), click Play button .
To close the Animate mode shape dialog box, click Close.

Figure 11.27 Animate mode shape dialog box

To return to the mode of analysis results visualization, on the 3D view ribbon tab, on the Back panel,

click Finite element model button .

To generate and review tables of analysis results:

To present table with periods of vibrations, on the Results ribbon tab, select Tables panel and click

Standard tables in the Documents drop-down list.

In the Standard tables dialog box (see Fig.11.23), select Periods of vibrations in the list.
Click Apply (to generate tables in HTML format, select appropriate option). To generate table and work
further in Document Maker (DOC-SAPR module), select RPT format.

To close the table, on the FILE menu, click Close.

Then save current problem.

To close the current problem, on the Application menu, click Close.

Step 17. Generating the third variant of the problem

To save the problem under another name:

To open problem Example11_M, click it on the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu) in the list of
recent files.
To save the problem under another name, on the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), click Save as

command .
In the Save as dialog box specify the following data:
file name – Example11_M3;
location where you want to save this file (Data folder is displayed by default).
Click Save.

Step 18. Editing moduli of subgrade reaction (subgrade moduli) for the third variant of design model

For this variant it is considered that there are no subgrade moduli in the first span of base slab. But
in METEOR system it is required that number of forces in sections of identically placed elements of

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015
integrated models should be the same. That's why, for this element we will define subgrade modulus as
equal to 0.01 t/m3. In this case, we will obtain soil pressure Rz and its value will have little or no effect on
analysis.
The same values should be defined for the fourth variant of the model.

To present design model in projection on the XOZ-plane, on the Projection toolbar, click Projection on

XOZ-plane .

On the Select toolbar, point to Select elements drop-down list and click Select elements button .
Select with the pointer only elements of projection of the first (left) span of the base slab.
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Moduli of subgrade

reaction button .
In the Define moduli C1 and C2 dialog box, make sure that the Plates check box and Assign option
are selected. To define moduli of subgrade reaction, in the C1z box specify its value as equal to
C1z=0.01 t/m3.

Click Apply .

To unselect nodes, on the Select toolbar, click Unselect all button .

To present the model in dimetric projection, on the Projection toolbar, click Dimetric projection .

Then carry out analysis procedure and evaluate analysis results in a similar way to the first variant of the
problem.
Save and close the current problem.

Step 19. Generating the fourth variant of the problem

To save the problem under another name:

To open problem Example11_M, click it on the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu) in the list of
recent files.
Save the problem under another name Example11_M4 .

Step 20. Editing moduli of subgrade reaction (subgrade moduli) for the fourth variant of design
model

To present design model in projection on the XOZ-plane, on the Projection toolbar, click Projection on

XOZ-plane .

On the Select toolbar, point to Select elements drop-down list and click Select elements button .
Select with the pointer only elements of projection of the second (right) span of the base slab.
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Moduli of subgrade

reaction button .
In the Define moduli C1 and C2 dialog box, make sure that the Plates check box and Assign option
are selected. To define moduli of subgrade reaction, in the C1z box specify its value as equal to
C1z=0.01 t/m3.

Click Apply .

To unselect nodes, on the Select toolbar, click Unselect all button .

To present the model in dimetric projection, on the Projection toolbar, click Dimetric projection .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Then carry out analysis procedure and evaluate analysis results in a similar way to the first variant of the
problem.
Save and close the current problem.

Step 21. Generating and carrying out analysis of integrated DCF

Data for integrated DCF problem is generated in the Model variation (METEOR) dialog box (see
Fig.11.28). To open this dialog box, in the initial mode of the program, on the Analysis ribbon tab, on the

Analysis panel, click Model Variation (METEOR) button . This command is active only in initial
mode of the program (if no file with input data is presented in the window).
Analysis of integrated DCF may be carried out by DCF or forces of all problems included in a set.
If analysis is carried out by DCF, you could unite analysis results of topologically identical design models.
In analysis of integrated problem it is supposed that DCF calculated for all problems in the list are
mutually exclusive ones. Mutual exclusion is made separately for every DCF criterion.
If analysis is carried out by forces, DCF are calculated for the whole set of problems. In this case, DCF
are calculated according to numbers of load cases in input table of METEOR system. DCF for integrated
problem are calculated as for the standard problem. You could edit input table in METEOR system.

To generate the list of topologically identical design models:

In the initial mode of the program, on the Analysis ribbon tab, on the Analysis panel, click Model

variation (METEOR) button .

To generate the list (set) of topologically identical design models, in the Model variation (METEOR)
dialog box (see Fig.11.28), click Select problem button.

Figure 11.28 Model variation (METEOR) dialog box

In the Open dialog box (see Fig.11.29), open folder where all analysed problems are saved (by default,
Data folder), select the Example11_M.lir file in the list and click Open.

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.29 Open dialog box

To add the second problem to the list of topologically identical design models, in the Model variation
(METEOR) dialog box, click Select problem button.
In the Open dialog box, open the Example11_M2.lir file.
To add the third problem to the list of topologically identical design models, in the Model variation
(METEOR) dialog box, click Select problem button.
In the Open dialog box, open the Example11_M3.lir file.
To add the fourth problem to the list of topologically identical design models, in the Model variation
(METEOR) dialog box, click Select problem button.
In the Open dialog box, open the Example11_M4.lir file.

To edit input table:

Analysis of integrated DCF will be carried out by forces. This type of analysis is stipulated by default
when you open the Model variation (METEOR) dialog box.

In the Model variation (METEOR) dialog box, make sure that by forces option is selected for analysis,
double-click the Load case type cell and for the load cases with sequential numbers 4, 5 and 6 (that is,
the 1st, 2nd and 3rd load cases of the second problem), define the following types of load cases:
for the 4th load case – Inactive (9);
for the 5th load case – Inactive (9);
for the 6th load case – Inactive (9).
Then for the load cases with sequential numbers 1, 8 and 11, in the group of mutual exclusion cell,
define group number 1.
For the load cases with sequential numbers 2, 9 and 12, in the group of mutual exclusion cell, define
group number 2.
For the load cases with sequential numbers 3, 10 and 13, in the group of mutual exclusion cell, define
group number 3.

To save the input table, click the Save file of integrated problem button .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

In the Save as dialog box, click Save.

To carry out analysis of integrated DCF, in the Model variation (METEOR) dialog box, click Calculate

button .
Close the Model variation (METEOR) dialog box and review analysis results of integrated problem.

To carry out analysis of integrated DCF by DCF of every problem included in a set, it is necessary to
generate the list of topologically identical design models as described above (in this example you could
generate the list from the 1st, 3rd and 4th problems). Then click by DCF option in the dialog box (this
option may be selected before you generate the list as well). In this case, there will be no option to edit
the input table. To carry out analysis, click the Calculate button in the dialog box.

Step 22. Review and evaluation of analysis results for the integrated problem

After analysis of integrated DCF, the program generates new file of the problem with the name that
was mentioned when you save the input table of METEOR system. For this file all options to edit design
model will become unavailable; it is possible to edit only data for design of elements of design model.
When you carry out analysis of integrated DCF by forces, in the file generated according to analysis
there will be analysis results (displacements, forces and stresses in elements, results of dynamic
analysis) by load cases for all problems included into integrated problem and results of the integrated
DCF.
When you carry out analysis of integrated DCF by DCF of every problem included into the set, in the file
generated according to analysis there will be only results of integrated DCF.

Output of displacements, forces and stresses in elements, presentation of dynamic analysis results and
generation of DCF table for integrated problem - all these commands are similar to the commands in the
standard problem.

Step 23. Defining design options

To define design options, material properties and other data for analysis of reinforcement and
analysis of steel structures, use buttons presented on the Design panel on the Create and edit and
Design ribbon tabs (for the standard ribbon interface).
For this example we will define all data necessary for design procedure with the buttons presented on the
Design panel on the Design ribbon tab.

On the Design ribbon tab, on the Design panel, click Design options for main model command .
In the Design options dialog box (see Fig.11.30), define parameters for the first design option:
in the Analysis of sections by list, select DCF;
other parameters remain by default.

Click Apply .

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.30 Design options dialog box

To close the Design options dialog box, click the Close button.

Step 24. Defining material properties to elements of the model

To create material data sets for RC structures:

On the Design ribbon tab, on the Design panel, click Material properties (RC) button .
The Stiffness and materials dialog box (see Fig.11.31) is presented with the second tab Define
parameters for RC structures open.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Figure 11.31 Stiffness and materials dialog box

Select Type option and click Add.

In the General parameters dialog box (see Figure 11.32), define the following parameters for columns:
in the Module of reinforcement list, select Bar;
in the Reinforcement area, select Symmetric type of reinforcement;
in the Design requirements for bars area, select Column regular option and clear the Do not
account design requirements check box;
in the Analysis according to serviceability limit states area, select Diameter option;
in the drop-down list, select diameter of reinforcement 25mm;
in the Length of element, Effective length, select Effective length factor option;
define parameters LY = 0.7, LZ = 0.7;
in the Comment box, type comment - Column;
other parameters remain by default.

Click OK .

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.32 General parameters dialog box

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Add once again.
In another General parameters dialog box, define parameters for beams:
in the Reinforcement area, select Asymmetric type of reinforcement;
in the Design requirements for bars area, select Beam option and clear the Do not account design
requirements check box;
in the Analysis according to serviceability limit states area, select Diameter option;
in the drop-down list, select diameter of reinforcement 25mm;
in the Length of element, Effective length, select Effective length factor option;
define parameters LY = 0, LZ = 0;
in the Comment box, type comment - Beam;
other parameters remain by default.

Click OK .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Add once again.
In another General parameters dialog box, define parameters for plate elements:
in the Module of reinforcement list, select Shell;
in the Comment box, type comment - Shell;
other parameters remain by default.

Click OK .

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, select the Concrete option.
Click Default (in this case, concrete B25 is accepted by default).
In the same dialog box, select the Reinforcement option.
Click Default (in this case, reinforcement A-III is accepted by default).

To assign stiffness and material properties to elements of the model:

On the Select toolbar, point to Select elements drop-down list and click Select elements button .
Select all elements of the model with the pointer (selected elements will be coloured red).

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply . The elements become unselected. It
indicates that the current combination of stiffness type and material is assigned to selected elements.
The Warning box is displayed (see Fig.11.33). Click OK.

Figure 11.33 Warning dialog box

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, on the RC tab, select Type option and in the list of types of
material properties for RC structures, select the line 2.bar Beam.
Click Set as current type (In this case selected type of material properties will be displayed in the
Materials box in the Assign to elements of the model area. You can also specify the current type by
double-clicking the necessary type in the List of stiffness types.)

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply .

In the first Warning box, click OK. In the second Warning box, click No.

To unselect 1-node elements, on the Select toolbar, click Unselect all button .

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, on the RC tab, select Type option and in the list of types of
material properties for RC structures, select the line 1.bar Column.
Click Set as current type.

On the Select toolbar, click Select vertical bars button .

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Select all vertical elements of the model with the pointer.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply .

Step 25. Carrying out analysis of reinforcement

To carry out analysis of reinforcement, on the Design ribbon tab, on the RC: Analysis panel, click

Analyse reinforcement button .

In the RC analysis dialog box (see Fig.11.34), click Analyse.
When analysis is complete, close the dialog box.

Figure 11.34 RC analysis dialog box

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 11_M

Step 26. Review and evaluate results from analysis of reinforcement

To present results from analysis of reinforcement:

To present information about determined reinforcement in a certain element, on the Select toolbar, click

Information about nodes and elements button and specify with a pointer any bar or plate element
on the model.
In the dialog box that appears on the screen, select the Information about reinforcement tab. This
dialog box contains complete information about selected element, including results for reinforcement.
To close the dialog box, click Close button.

To display mosaic plot for area of lower reinforcement in plates along the X1-axis, click the Lower

reinforcement in plates along X1 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Plates panel).
To display mosaic plot for area of lower reinforcement in plates along the Y1-axis, click the Lower

reinforcement in plates along Y1 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Plates panel).

To switch to the mode for presentation of symmetric reinforcement in rebars, on the Design ribbon tab,

select RC: Bars panel and click Symmetric reinforcement command in the Reinforcement drop-
down list.
To display mosaic plot for area of longitudinal reinforcement in the lower left corner of the section AU1,

click the Corner reinforcement AU1 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Bars panel).
To display mosaic plot for area of longitudinal reinforcement in the lower right corner of the section AU2,

click the Corner reinforcement AU2 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Bars panel).
To switch to the mode for presentation of asymmetric reinforcement in rebars, on the Design ribbon tab,

select RC: Bars panel and click Asymmetric reinforcement command in the Reinforcement drop-
down list.

To generate and review table with analysis results for reinforcement:

On the Design ribbon tab, select the Tables panel and click Analysis results tables for RC command

in the Documents drop-down list.

In the Tables of analysis results dialog box (see Fig.11.35), the following data is mentioned by default:
Reinforcement in bars option in the Elements area and For all elements option in the Create table
area.
Click Table - on the screen (It is also possible to add the table to the Report Book and select format for
the table, in a similar manner to that used for standard tables).

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 Example 11_M Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 11.35 Tables of analysis results dialog box

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