Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

Example 2. Analysis of slab

In this lesson you will learn how to:

– generate design model of slab;
– apply loads and generate DCF table;
– deal with design options to determine reinforcement by Karpenko method and Wood method.

Description:
Reinforced concrete slab 3 x 6 m, thickness 150 mm. Rear side of the slab is freely supported along the
whole length, front side is freely supported with its ends on columns. Left and right sides of the slab (see
Fig.2.1) are free.
Analysis is performed for FE mesh 6 x 12.

Loads:
– Load case 1 – dead weight of slab;
– Load case 2 – concentrated loads P = 1t applied as shown in Fig.2.1, load case 2;
– Load case 3 – concentrated loads P = 1t applied as shown in Fig.2.1, load case 3.

Figure 2.1 Design model of slab

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

On the taskbar, click the Start button, and then point to All Programs. Point to the folder that contains
LIRA SAPR / LIRA-SAPR 2015 and then click LIRA-SAPR 2015.

Step 1. Creating new problem

On the FILE menu, click New (button on the toolbar).
In the Model type dialog box (see Fig.2.2) specify the following data:
problem name – Example2;
model type – 3 – Three degrees of freedom per node (translation Z and rotations Ux, Uy) X0Y.

Click OK .

Figure 2.2 Model type dialog box

It is also possible to open the Model type dialog box with a pre-defined type of model. To do this, on
the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), point to New and click Model type 3 (Three DOF per node)

command . One more way to do the same: on the Quick Access Toolbar, click New and in the drop-

down menu select Model type 3 (Three DOF per node) command . Then you should define only
problem name.

To save all output data files for the problem in certain directory, select appropriate check box. The
directory name will coincide with the name of the problem. This directory will appear in the directory for
files with analysis results. This is helpful if you have to find output data files for certain problem, then
transfer these files or review and evaluate them with the help of Windows Explorer or other file managers.

Step 2. Generating model geometry

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Create panel, point to Create regular fragments and grids

list and click the Create slab command.

In the Create plane fragments and grids dialog box specify the following data:
spacing along the first axis: spacing along the second axis:
L(ì) N L(ì) N
0.5 6 0.5 12
other parameters remain by default (see Fig.2.3).

Click Apply .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

Figure 2.3 Create plane fragments and grids dialog box

To save data about design model:

On the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), click Save command .

In the Save as dialog box specify the following data:
file name – Example2;
location where you want to save this file (Data folder is displayed by default).
Click Save.

Step 3. Defining boundary conditions

To present numbers of nodes on the screen:

On the Select toolbar, click Flags of drawing button .

In the Display dialog box (see Fig.2.4), select the Node numbers check box on the Nodes tab.

Click Redraw .

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 2.4 Create plane fragments and grids dialog box

The model with numbers of nodes is presented in Fig.2.5.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

Figure 2.5 Design model of slab with node numbers

To select nodes of support:

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button .
Select nodes No.1, 7, 85 - 91 with the pointer (the nodes will be coloured red).

You can select nodes either with a single click or by dragging selection window around appropriate
nodes.

To define boundary conditions for nodes of support:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Restraints button .
In the Restraints on nodes dialog box (see Fig.2.6), specify directions along which displacements of
nodes are not allowed (Z). To do this, select appropriate check boxes.

Click Apply (the nodes will be coloured blue).

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 2.6 Restraints on nodes dialog box

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button in order
to make this command not active.

Step 4. Defining design options

On the More edit options ribbon tab, on the Design panel, click Design options for main model

command .
In the Design options dialog box (see Fig.2.7), define parameters for the first design option:
in the Analysis of sections by list, select DCF;
other parameters remain by default.

Click Apply .

Figure 2.7 Design options dialog box

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

To define new design option, in the Design options dialog box, click Create new design option

. By default, all parameters of new design option will obtain values defined previously in the Analysis
parameters dialog box on the appropriate tabs.
Then define the following parameters:
- name for design option;
- building codes for RC and steel analyses;
- type for analysis of sections (by DCF, DCL or Forces).

To input data for design option, click Apply .

To assign certain design option as current one (i.e. an active in graphic environment), select appropriate
design option in the List of design options and click Set as current one. To do the same you could also
double-click appropriate row in the list.
To define materials for design option, use the Stiffness and materials dialog box (see Fig.2.8a).

To define the second design option:

To define the second design option, click Create new design option .
Then define data for the second design option (analysis of reinforcement by Wood method):
in the Analysis of sections by list, select DCF;
other parameters remain by default.

Click Apply .
To assign the first design option as the current one, in the List of design options either double-click
appropriate row or select the row and click Set as current one.

To close the Design options dialog box, click the Close button.

Step 5. Defining material properties to elements of the slab

To create material data sets:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Material properties

button .
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box (see Fig.2.8a), click Add button. The dialog box will expand
and you will see the library of stiffness parameters.
Select the third tab Plates, solids, numerical in the window (see Fig.2.8b) and double-click the Plates
icon in the list.

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

a b
Figure 2.8 Dialog boxes: a – Stiffness and materials, b – Add stiffness

In the Stiffness for plates dialog box, specify the following parameters for Plate (see Fig.2.9):
modulus of elasticity – E = 3e6 t/m2 (for the U.S. keyboard layout);
Poisson's ratio – ν = 0.2;
thickness – H = 15 cm;
unit weight of material – Ro = 2.75 t/m3.

To confirm the specified data, click OK .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

Figure 2.9 Stiffness for plates dialog box

To hide library of stiffness properties, in the Stiffness and materials dialog box click Add unfold button.

To define materials for reinforced concrete (RC) structures:

To define parameters for reinforced concrete structures, in the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click
the second tab Reinforced concrete (RC).
Select Type option and click Add (see Fig.2.10).

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 2.10 Stiffness and materials dialog box

In the General parameters dialog box (see Fig.2.11), define the following parameters for plate
elements:
in the Module of reinforcement list, select Slab;
in the Comment box, type comment - Slab;
other parameters remain by default.

Click OK .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

Figure 2.11 General parameters dialog box

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, select the Concrete option and click Add.
In the Concrete dialog box (see Fig.2.12), define the following parameters:
in the Class of concrete list, select B20 type of reinforcement;
other parameters remain by default.

Click OK .

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 2.12 Concrete dialog box

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, select the Reinforcement option and click Add.

In the Reinforcement dialog box (see Fig.2.13), to define parameters, click OK .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

Figure 2.13 Reinforcement dialog box

To define material properties for the 2nd design option for steel structures:
To switch to the 2nd design option, in the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the No. of current
design option box, specify number 2.
In the Define parameters for reinforced concrete (RC) structures area, select the Type option and
then click Add.
In the General parameters dialog box (see Fig.2.11), define the following parameters for plate
elements:
in the Module of reinforcement list, select Slab;
select the Analyse reinforcement by Wood method check box;
in the Comment box, type comment - Slab - Wood method;
other parameters remain by default.

Click OK .

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015
To assign stiffness and material properties to elements of the slab:

On the Select toolbar, click Select elements button . In this case, make sure that stiffness 1.Plate
H 15 is defined as current one in the list of stiffness types and in the list of current materials the following
data should be defined as current one: type – 1.slab, concrete class – 1.B20 and class of reinforcement
– 1.A-III.
Select all elements of the model with the pointer (selected elements will be coloured red).

You can select elements either with a single click or by dragging selection window around
appropriate elements.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply . The elements become unselected. It
indicates that the current combination of stiffness type and material is assigned to selected elements.

To switch to the first design option, in the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the No. of current
design option box, specify number 1.
To define materials to the first design option, clear the Stiffness check box under Assign to elements
of the model.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the list of materials for RC elements, select the row 1.slab
Slab.
Click Set as current one.
Select all elements of the model with the pointer.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply .

Step 6. Applying loads

To create load case No.1:

To define load from dead weight of the slab, on the Create and edit ribbon tab, select the Loads panel

and click Add dead weight .

In the Add dead weight dialog box (see Fig.2.14), click All elements and specify Load factor as equal

to 1. Then click Apply (dead weight of elements is added according to the specified unit weight
Ro).

Figure 2.14 Add dead weight dialog box

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2
To create load case No.2:

To change the number of the current load case, click the Next load case button located on the
Status bar or on the toolbar.

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button .
Select nodes No.18, 46 and 74 with the pointer.
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, select the Loads panel, then select Load at nodes command

from the Loads on nodes and elements drop-down list.

In the Define loads dialog box (see Fig.2.15), specify Global coordinate system and direction along the
Z-axis (default parameters).

Figure 2.15 Define loads dialog box

In the Load type area, click Concentrated load button .

In the Load parameters dialog box specify P = 1 t (see Fig.2.16).

Click OK .

Figure 2.16 Load parameters dialog box

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

In the Define loads dialog box, click Apply .

To create load case No.3:

To change the number of the current load case, click the Next load case button located on the
Status bar or on the toolbar.

To display element numbers on the screen, on the Select toolbar, click Flags of drawing button .
In the Display dialog box (see Fig.2.4), select the Element numbers check box on the Elements tab.

Click Redraw .
Select elements No.14, 23, 30, 31, 42, 43, 50, 59.

In the Define loads dialog box (see Fig.2.15), select Loads on plates tab and specify Global
coordinate system and direction along the Z-axis (default parameters).

In the Load type area, click Concentrated load button .

In the Load parameters dialog box specify the following parameters:
P = 1 t;
A = 0.25 m;
B = 0.25 m.

Click OK .

In the Define loads dialog box, click Apply .

To define detailed information about load cases:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Loads panel, click Edit load cases . The Edit load
cases dialog box is displayed on the screen (see Fig.2.17).
For load case 1 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Dead and click Apply

.
For load case 2 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Live and click Apply

.
For load case 3 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Live and click Apply

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

Figure 2.17 Edit load cases dialog box

Step 7. Generating DCF table

On the Analysis ribbon tab, select the DCF panel and click DCF table button .

As the type of load cases was defined in the Edit load cases dialog box (see Fig.2.17), the DCF
table is generated automatically with parameters accepted by default for every load case. Now you have
to confirm defined parameters.

To confirm parameters accepted by default for every load case, in the Design combinations of forces

dialog box (see Fig.2.18), Click OK .

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 2.18 Design combinations of forces dialog box

Step 8. Complete analysis of slab

To carry out complete analysis of slab, on the Analysis ribbon tab, select the Analysis panel and in the

Analyse drop-down list, click Complete analysis .

Step 9. Review and evaluation of static analysis results

When analysis procedure is complete, to review and evaluate analysis results, select the Results
ribbon tab.

In the mode of analysis results visualization, by default design model is presented with account of nodal
displacements (see Fig.2.19). To display the model without nodal displacements, on the Results ribbon

tab, on the Deformations panel, click Initial model button .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

Figure 2.19 Design model with account of nodal displacements

To display the model without element numbers, node numbers and applied loads on the Select toolbar,

click Flags of drawing button .

In the Display dialog box (see Fig.2.4), clear the Element numbers check box on the Elements tab.
In the same dialog box, clear the Node numbers check box on the Nodes tab.
Then clear the Loads check box on the General tab.

Click Redraw .

To present displacement contour plots:

To present contour plot of displacements along the Z-axis, on the Results ribbon tab, on the
Deformations panel, select the Displacement mosaic/contour plot in global coordinate system

command in the Displacement mosaic/contour plot drop-down list.

Then click Displacements along Z button on the same panel.

To present stress mosaic plots:

To present stress mosaic plot for Mx, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Stress in plates and solids

panel, select the Stress mosaic plot command in the Stress mosaic/contour plots drop-down
list.

Then click Stress Mx button on the same panel.

To present stress mosaic plot for My, click Stress My button on the same panel.

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

To change number of active load case:

On the status bar (displayed at the bottom of the screen), in the Load case No. list, select No. 2 and

click Apply .

To generate and review tables of analysis results:

To present table with design combinations of forces in elements of the model, on the Results ribbon tab,

select Tables panel and click Standard tables in the Documents drop-down list.
In the Standard tables dialog box (see Fig.2.20), select Design combinations of forces, design
values in the list.
Click Apply.

By default, standard tables are generated in the *.csv format. Information presented in these tables is
divided into different tabs: input data (optional), e.g. DCF coefficients; output data for bars; output data for
plates; etc.
To generate table in *.csv format and add it to the Report Book, select the Generate updatable table in
Report Book check box. If the table is located in the report Book, it is possible to update it later (if
required) and add it to the report file with the Report Book options.
To modify format of the table, in the Standard tables dialog box, click Select format. Then in the Table
format dialog box, select appropriate option and click OK. To generate table in Document Maker (DOC-
SAPR module), select RPT format.
Selected format is saved and will be applied by default in further work with standard tables.

Figure 2.20 Standard tables dialog box

To close the table, on the FILE menu, click Close.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 2

Step 10. Review and evaluate results from analysis of reinforcement

When analysis procedure is complete, to review and evaluate analysis results for reinforcement,
select the Design ribbon tab (for standard ribbon interface).

To present results from analysis of reinforcement:

To present information about determined reinforcement in a certain plate element, on the Select toolbar,

click Information about nodes and elements button and specify with a pointer any plate element
on the model.
In the dialog box that appears on the screen, select the Information about reinforcement tab. This
dialog box contains complete information about selected element, including results for reinforcement.
To close the dialog box, click Close button.

To display mosaic plot for area of lower reinforcement in plates along the X1-axis, click the Lower

reinforcement in plates along X1 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Plates panel).
To display mosaic plot for area of lower reinforcement in plates along the Y1-axis, click the Lower

reinforcement in plates along Y1 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Plates panel).

To generate and review table with analysis results for reinforcement:

On the Design ribbon tab, select the Tables panel and click Analysis results tables for RC command

in the Documents drop-down list.

In the Tables of analysis results dialog box (see Fig.2.21), click the Plates option in the Elements
area. By default, option For all elements in the Create table area is selected.
Click Table - on the screen (It is also possible to add the table to the Report Book and select format for
the table, in a similar manner to that used for standard tables).

Figure 2.21 Tables of analysis results dialog box

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 Example 2 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

To change number of design option:

On the Status bar, in the Design option No. box, select the second design option.

To preview and evaluate analysis results for other design options, on the Design ribbon tab, on the

Design panel, click Design options button . The appropriate dialog box is displayed on the screen
(see Fig. 2.7). To switch to another design option, select appropriate row in the List of design options
and click Set as current one.

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