REPRESENTING

ORGANIZED DATA
Prepared by:
Glenda P. Daproza
“A picture paints a thousand words”
“A picture paints a thousand words”

This is really true when you

are presenting data. Graphs
and charts help people get
sense of data quickly.
 Learning Competency
Uses appropriate graphs to represent
organized data:
✓ Pie chart
✓ Bar graph
✓ Line graph
✓ Histogram
✓ Ogive
What people say after an
extremely loud thunder
"Wow!"

"That was loud!"

"You can tell how far away the

lightning was by counting the
thunder delay."

"I'm scared!"

"Did you hear that?"

 Group 1 – 3 :
FAVORITE FILMS
 Group 4 – 5:
FAVORITE SUBJECT
ANSWERS
TO
ACTIVITY
PIE CHART
 PIE CHART
O A pie chart shows the division of a
whole into its parts. It is often used by
establishments, government agencies,
and the media to convey information
on different categories, like science, on
the allocation of budget, on
expenditures, etc.
 The pie chart shows the
approximate composition of the air.
Other Gases
1%
Oxygen
20%

Nitrogen
79%

Fact! A typical fart is composed of about 59 %

nitrogen, 21% hydrogen, 9% carbon dioxide, 7 %
methane and 4 % oxygen.
 How to Construct
a Pie Chart?
Example 1. The table below shows the budget
allocation of the Anzelmo Family. Construct a pie
chart to present the data.
CATEGORY AMOUNT (in pesos)
Food 8 000
School Fees 5 000
Bills 4 000
Miscellaneous 3 000
 CATEGORY AMOUNT
(in pesos)
Food 8 000
School Fees 5 000
Bills 4 000
Miscellaneous 3 000

STEP 1. Gather your numerical data and

label information and write it down with
one data point per line, in descending
order.
 CATEGORY AMOUNT
(in pesos)

Food 8 000

School Fees 5 000

Bills 4 000

Miscellaneous 3 000

Total 20 000

STEP 2. Calculate the total of the data. This

number will be your denominator.
 CATEGORY AMOUNT (in
pesos)

Food 8 000

School Fees 5 000

Bills 4 000

Miscellaneous 3 000

Total 20 000

STEP 2. Calculate the total of the data. This

number will be your denominator.
 CATEGORY AMOUNT PERCENTAGE
(in pesos)

Food 8 000 8 000

× 100 = 40 %
20 000
School Fees 5 000 5 000
× 100 = 25 %
20 000
Bills 4 000 4 000
× 100 = 20 %
20 000
Miscellaneous 3 000 3 000
× 100 = 15 %
20 000
Total 20 000
100 %

STEP 3. Calculate the percentage of the

total for each data point by dividing each
one by the denominator (total) and
multiplying it by 100.
CATEGORY AMOUNT PERCENTAGE
(in pesos)
Food 8 000 40%
School Fees 5 000 25%
Bills 4 000 20 %
Miscellaneous 3 000 15 %
Total 20 000 100 %

STEP 3. Calculate the percentage of the

total for each data point by dividing each
one by the denominator (total) and
multiplying it by 100.
 CATEGORY AMOUNT PERCENTAGE ANGLE OF SECTOR
(in pesos)

Food 8 000 40% (40 % )(360°) = 144°

School Fees 5 000 25% 90°
(25 % )(360°) =

Bills 4 000 20 % (20 % )(360°) = 72°

Miscellaneous 3 000 15 % (15 % )(360°) = 54°

Total 20 000 100 % 360°

STEP 4. Multiply each percentage by 360°.

 CATEGORY AMOUNT PERCENTAGE ANGLE OF
(in pesos) SECTOR

Food 8 000 40% 144°

School Fees 5 000 25% 90°

Bills 4 000 20 % 72°

Miscellaneous 3 000 15 % 54°

Total 20 000 100 % 360°

STEP 4. Multiply each percentage by 360°.

 CATEGORY AMOUNT Percentage Angle of Sector
(in pesos)

Food 8 000 8 000 40% 360° = 144°

× 100 = 40%
20 000
School Fees 5 000 5 000 25% 360° = 90°
× 100 = 25%
20 000
Bills 4 000 4 000 20% 360° = 72°
× 100 = 20%
20 000
Miscellaneous 3 000 3 000 15% 360° = 54°
× 100 = 15%
20 000

Total 20 000 100% 360°

STEP 4. Multiply each percentage by 360°.

 CATEGORY AMOUNT Percentage Angle of
(in pesos) Sector

Food 𝟖 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟎% 𝟏𝟒𝟒°

School Fees 𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟓% 𝟗𝟎°

Bills 𝟒 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎% 𝟕𝟐°

Miscellaneous 𝟑 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟓% 𝟓𝟒°

Total 𝟐𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎% 𝟑𝟔𝟎°

STEP 5. Draw a circle.

STEP 6. Draw a radius.
STEP 7. Place your protractor in a circle
and draw each section division.
 BUDGET ALLOCATION OF ANZELMO FAMILY

Miscellaneous
Don’t forget 15%
to write the
title of the Food
graph/chart. 40%
Bills
20%

School Fees
25%
 When to use
. . . a Pie Chart.
Pie charts are best to use
when you are trying to compare
parts of a whole. They do not
show changes over time.
BAR GRAPH
a. How many more
students chose
drama than art?
b. Which interest
club hadthe least
takers?
c. How many
students were
surveyed in all?
 What is a Bar Graph?
A bar graph is a graph that displays the
frequency or numerical distribution of
a categorical variable, showing values
for each bar next to each other for easy
comparison.

Alternate Name: Bar Chart

28
 Bar Graph
Displays data by using bars of equal width on a grid. The bars
may be vertical or horizontal. Bar graphs are used for
comparisons.
 Psychic Phenomena
Belief in Various Supernatural Phenomena

PHENOMENON NUMBER OF
PEOPLE
Psychic Healing 546
ESP 506
Ghosts 385
Astrology 283
Channeling 152
30
 Bar Graph of Psychic Phenomena
What Psychic
What Psychic Phenomena
Phenomena Do Filipinos
Do Americans Believe In?
Believe In?
600
546
506 Source: Gallup Poll
500

385
400
Number of People

283
300

200 152

100

0
Psychic Healing ESP Ghosts Astrology Channeling
Psychic Phenomena
Psychic Phenomena 31
Bar Graphs: VERY FLEXIBLE FORMAT
Advantage over Pie Charts
Bar Graphs are easier to make & to read than pie
charts.
How are they similar to Pie Charts?
Both pie charts & bar graphs can display
the distribution of a categorical variable.
How are they different from Pie Charts?
A bar graph can also compare any
set of quantities measured in the same units.
32
LINE GRAPH
 LINE GRAPH
A graph that shows the
relationship between two or
more sets of a continuous
data. In some instances, growth
and deflation are being
represented in this graph.
Pointers in constructing a line
graph
1. Write a title for the graph.
2. Label axes of the graphs. Use
legends if to use two or more line.
3. Connect plotted points from left to
right.
4. In multiple line graphs, distinguish
each by using a different color.
Use the graph below to answer the following
questions.
Daily sales in Daisy's Flower Shop
70000

. .
Sales (in Philippine peso)

60000

50000 .
.
40000
.
30000 . . . .
20000
.
10000

0
1-Nov

3-Nov

4-Nov

6-Nov

7-Nov

9-Nov

10-Nov
2-Nov

5-Nov

8-Nov

Date of Sales
 Sales (in Philippine peso)

Date of Sales

a. What does each point represent?

b. What day did the flower shop gain much?
c. What day did the flower shop gain low?
d. What can you conclude with the graph?
 When to Use . .
. . . a Line graph.

Line graphs are used to track changes over

short and long periods of time. When
smaller changes exist, line graphs are
better to use than bar graphs. Line graphs
can also be used to compare changes over
the same period of time for more than
one group.
 LINE GRAPH
O A line graph is most suitable when we want to show the
rising and falling trend of a set of data over a period of time.
O The horizontal line shows the categories being considered.
The vertical lines indicates frequency.

Example: The table shows the temperature in Baguio City taken every three
hours on a particular day. Construct a line graph
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM 3 AM
13℃ 16℃ 20℃ 19℃ 16℃ 15℃ 12℃ 11℃

a. When was the warmest time of the day?

b. When was it coolest?
c. Discuss the temperature trend during the day?
 y
.
Temperature Change in Baguio City
20
.
. .
18

.
𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝑖𝑛 ℃)

.
16
14
12 . .
10
8
6
4
2
0
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM 3 AM
x
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐷𝑎𝑦

✓ The warmest time of the day was 12 PM.

✓ The coolest time of the day was 3AM.
✓ From 6AMto 12 PM, the temperaturerose from 13℃ to 20℃. From 12 PM
to 3AM, the temperaturekept falling from 20℃ to 11℃.
HISTOGRAM
• A histogram is a bar graph that
shows the number of data items
that occur within each interval.
• In histogram , the bars are always
vertical, the width of each bar is
based upon the size of interval it
represents, there are no gaps
between adjacent bars, because
their bases cover a continuous range
of possible values.
 Making a Histogram
Step 1: Choose an appropriate scale and interval.
Step 2: Draw a bar for the number of students in each
interval. The bars should touch but not overlap.
Step 3: Title the graph and label the axes.
 EXAMPLE 3. The FDT of Math Grades of 40 Grade 7 students
Class Interval Class Boundary Frequency Midpoint Cumulative Relative
Frequency Frequency

78 – 80 77.5 – 80.5 6 79 6 15%

81 – 83 80.5 – 83.5 6 82 12 15%

84 – 86 83.5 – 86.5 3 85 15 7.5%

87 – 89 86.5 – 89.5 7 88 22 17.5%

90 – 92 89.5 – 92.5 6 91 28 15%

93 – 95 92.5 – 95.5 3 94 31 7.5%

96 – 98 95.5 -98.5 5 97 36 12.5%

99 – 101 98.5 – 101.5 4 100 40 10%

𝑁 = 40
The frequency histogram shown below with class
boundaries instead of midpoints.
OGIVE
An ogive is a line graph that
presents the cumulative
frequency of a class
(horizontal axis) at its upper
class boundary.
 The FDT of Math Grades of 40 Grade 7 students
Class Interval Class Boundary Frequency Midpoint Cumulative Relative
Frequency Frequency

78 – 80 77.5 – 80.5 6 79 6 15%

81 – 83 80.5 – 83.5 6 82 12 15%

84 – 86 83.5 – 86.5 3 85 15 7.5%

87 – 89 86.5 – 89.5 7 88 22 17.5%

90 – 92 89.5 – 92.5 6 91 28 15%

93 – 95 92.5 – 95.5 3 94 31 7.5%

96 – 98 95.5 -98.5 5 97 36 12.5%

99 – 101 98.5 – 101.5 4 100 40 10%

𝑁 = 40
 y Math Grades of 40 Grade 7 students in a High School
40
. .
.
𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

35

30
.
25
.
.
20

15
.
10
.
5

0
.
77.5 80.5 83.5 86.5 89.5 92.5 95.5 98.5 101.5
x
𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 (𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒)
 Answers:
a. 15
27 − 12 = 15
b. 18
33 − 15 = 18
c. 45
24 + 21 = 45

a. From January to June, the sales of Brand X

is decreasing while the sales of Brand Y is
increasing.
Last Thursday, Felix spent 12
hours of the day sleeping and
playing, 2 hours eating dressing,
6 hours at school, and 4 hours
playing mobile games and
surfing the internet. Construct a
pie chart.
Category Hours Spent Percentage Angle of Sector

Total:__________
 Answers:
a. 420
(42%)(1000) = 420
(0.42) (1000) = 420
b. 300
(30%)(1000) = 300
(0.30) (1000) = 300

c. 17%
100 − 42 + 30 + 11 = 100 − 83 = 17
 Answers:
a. From 2003 and 2004
b. 2009
c. 2008
 Answers:
a. November to December
b. May to June

+10 +30 -20 -20 0 +20 +20 -40

 Thank you for
your attendance
and participation.