A

PROJECT REPORT ON

“ CAR REVERSE PARKING SENSOR

USING ARDUINO UNO ”

Submitted in partially Fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
DIPLOMA
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY

B.PREMCHAND 21235-EC-047

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mrs.S.LATHA (LECTURER)

Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

INDUR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE, Recognized by Govt. Of TS &Affiliated to

(SBTET)Ponnala(V)Siddipet(Dist)-502277,Telangana.2022-20
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “ CAR REVERSE PARKING

SENSOR USING ARDUINO UNO ” is the bonafide work done and submitted by

B.PREMCHAND 21235-EC-047

In partial fulfillment of the award of DIPLOMA in ELECTRONICS &

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING by SBTET (TS) , Hyderabad is record of bonafide
work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision.

The result embodied in this report have not been submitted to any other Institute for the award of any
degree or diploma.

Date :

(Internal Guid) (Head of section)

Mrs .S.LATHA Mrs.P.SHANTI SREE
Lecturer of DECE DEPT HOS of DECE DEPT

External examiner
 Acknowledgement

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without the mention of the people who made it possible and whose encouragement and guidance
has been a source of inspiration through the course of the project.

It is our privilege and pleasure to express our profound sense of gratitude and indebtedness to
our project guide Mrs. S. LATHA , lecturer of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Department,indur Institute of Engineering & Technology,for her guidance, cogent discussion,
constructive criticisms and encouragement through this dissertation work.

We take opportunity to offer our humble thanks to Mrs.P.SHANTI SREE, Head of

Section of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Indur Institute of
Engineering & Technology, for her encouragement and constant help.

In addition, we would like to thank all the faculty members & Lab Staff Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, Management, who provided us with good lab
facilities and helped us in carrying out the project successfully.

We finally thank our family members and friends for giving moral strength and support to
complete this project.

B.PREMCHAND 21235-EC-047

i
 Abstract

In this modern era, the current technological developments provides greater facilities for
human life. Wecan find the technological developments in many fields including automobile
field. Over the past few years, transportation has become one of the most necessary and basic
facility for human life. With the enlargement of automobile field the number of vehicles are
owned by people are also increasing, especially cars are greatly increasing nowadays. Most a
of the accidents occurred while parking the cars in a place.This project proposes is to design a
simple reverse car parking system to park the car in safe way without any damage or creating
accidents. In this design, the car parking distance is controlled by using ultrasonic sensor and
this design can be incorporated inside the dashboard of the car. In this design Arduino UNO ,
Ultrasonic sensor are the main components and LED, Buzzer is used for the indication for the
persons who are driving. This design can make easy for the drivers to park the car in reverse
without any damage.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents page No

Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Table of contents iii-v
List of figures vi-viii

Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION (01-03)

1.1 Introduction to project 01

1.2 Block diagram 02
1.3 Aim of the project 03

Chapter 2 : MICROCONTROLLERS (04-07)

2.1 Introduction 04
2.2 Features of ATMEGA 328Pv 05
2.3 Pin diagram 06
2.4 Atmega 328P 07-08

2.5 Block diagram 09

Chapter 3 : EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

(10-12)
3.1 Circuit Diagram 10
3.2 Components 11
3.3 Circuit working principle 12

iii
Chapter 4 : HARDWARE & COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION (13-26)

4.1 Arduino UNO 13-15

16-17
4.2 Arduinoinstallation

4.3 Pin diagram 18

18-19
4.4 Pin description

4.5 Ultra Sonic sensor 20-21

6 Buzzer 22
4.7 Jumper wires 23

4.8 Bread board 24

4.9 USB cables 25

4.10 LED 26

Chapter5APPENDICES (27-36)

27-31
5.1 Arduino IDE tools

5.2 coding of project 32-33

iv
ADVANTAGES 34
APPLICATIONS 35
CONCLUSION 36
FUTURE SCOPE 37
REFERENCE /
BIBLIOGRAPHY 38

CIRCUIT
(ON/OFF)CONDITION 39

V
 List of figures
Contents Page No

Fig 1. Block diagram of the project 02

Fig 2. Pin diagram 06

Fig 3. Block diagram of ATMEGA 328P 09

Fig 4. Circuit diagram 10
Fig 5. Arduino Diagram 13
Fig 6. Arduino installation option 16

Fig 7. Arduino installation folder 17

Fig 8. Arduino installation 17
Fig 9. Arduino pin diagram 18
Fig 10. Ultra Sonic sensor diagram 20

Fig 11. Buzzer diagram 22

Fig 13. Jumper wires diagram 23
Fig 14. Breadboard diagram 24

Fig 15. USB cable 25

Fig 16 LED 26

vi
Fig 17. Arduino IDE menu bar 28

Fig 18. Arduino Ide file 29

Fig 19. Arduino IDE file generation 29
Fig 20. Arduino IDE menu tab
30
Fig 21. Arduino IDE serial monitor output 31
Fig 22. Arduino IDE Output window 31

vii
 CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. In this modern era, the
technological developments has been rapidly increasing as it provides facilities for human life.
There are much more technological developments including in the field of automobiles. The
enlargement of automobile field has increased the usage of vehicles especially cars the urban
areas. The average income of Indians is growing and thereby the number of privately owned
vehicles are rising day by day. Car Parking is the major problem in the urban areas of both
developed and developing countries. Nowadays parking a car is one of the important skill for
drivers as well as car owners as it is very difficult to park in a small space. Reverse parking in
congested place or in a small space is very much difficult. Around 30 percent of car accidents are
caused while parking only. To solve this our project proposes to design the simple reverse car
parking system to park the car in a safe way without any damage creating accidents.

01
1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT

LED

ULTRA
ARDUINO
SONIC
UNO
SENSOR
BUZZER

Fig 1.block diagram

02
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT

• To determine the distance between the car with an closest unknown obstacle
behind the car by using an “ARDUINO UNO” and “ ULTRA SONIC
SENSOR”.

• To indicate the driving person in the car either they are in the safe zone or
behind any Obstacle by activating a" BUZZER " and glowing the “LED”

03
 CHAPTER 02 -MICROCONTROLLERS

2.1 INTRODUCTION

A microcontroller is an electronic device belonging to the microcomputer family. These

are fabricated using the VLSI technology on a single chip. There are microcontrollers available in
the present market with different word length starting from 4-bit, 8-bit, 64 bits to 128 bits . The
Microcontrolle: In a broader sense, the components are which constitute a microcontroller are the
memory, peripherals and most crucially a processor. Microcontrollers are present in the devices
where the user has to exert a degree of control.

They are designed and implemented to execute a specific function such as displaying integers
or characters on an LCD display module of a home appliance .Application of microcontrollers is
myriad. In simpler terms, any gadget or equipment which has to deal with the functions such as
measuring, controlling, displaying and calculating the values consist of a microcontroller chip
inside it. They are present in almost all the present days’ home appliances, toys, traffic lights,
office instruments and various day-to-day appliances.

04
2.2 FEATURES OF ATMEGA 328 P

• High performance design

• Low power consumption
• Total number of Analog Input pins are 6
• Contains 32 kilobytes of flash memory
• Contains 2 kilobytes of SRAM
• Contains 1 kilobytes of EEPROM
• 16 Mega Hertz clock speed
• Minimum & maximum temperature - 40°cto 105°c
• Total number of Digital I/O pins are 14
• Advance RISC
• Lock program functionality for programming code security

05
2.3 PIN DIAGRAM

Fig 2. Pin diagram

06
2.4 ATMEGHA 328P

ATmega328P is a very advance and feature rich microcontroller. It is the one of a famous
Microcontroller of Atmel because of its use in Arduino UNO board. It is microcontroller from the
Atmel’s mega MVR microcontrollers family Later in 2016 the Atmel is obtained by a Microchip
Technology Inc ., the microcontrollers are manufactured in mega MVR family are designed for a
handling larger program memories and each microcontroller in this family contains the different
amount of ROM, RAM, I/O pins and other features and they are manufactured in different output
pins which are from 8 pins to hundreds of pins.

The Internal circuitry of ATmega328P is designed with low current consumption features.
The chip contains the 32 kilobytes of internal flash memory and 1 kilo bytes of EEPROM and 2
kilobytes of SRAM. The EEPROM and the flash memory are the memories that which saves the
information and that information still exits every power is disconnected or off but the SRAM is a
memory which only saves the information until the power is supplied and when the power is
disconnected all the information saved in SRAM will be erased.

07
APPLICATIONS OF ATMEGA 328P

• Used in ARDUINO UNO, ARDUINO NANO and ARDUINO MICRO boards.

• Industrial control systems.
• SMPS and Power Regulation systems.
• Digital data processing.
• Analog signal measuring and manipulations.
• Embedded systems like coffee machine, vending machine.
• Motor control systems.
• Display units.
• Peripheral Interface system.

08
08
2.5 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3. block diagram

09
 CHAPTER 03 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 4. circuit diagram

10
3.2 COMPONENTS

• Arduino Uno
• Ultra sonic Sensor(HC-SR04)
• Buzzer
• Jumper wires
• Breadboard
• USB Cable
• LED(5V)

11
3.3 CIRCUIT WORKING PRINCIPLE

1. The ultrasonic Sensor is the main unit (component) that is responsible for measuring the
distance. Arduino UNO acts as the main controlling unit that will control the Ultrasonic
Sensor, calculate the distance and activate the buzzer.

2. The principle of the circuit is as follows: The Ultrasonic Sensor sends acoustic pulses and
the Arduino measures the interval of the each reflected signal. Based on this time interval
, Arduino then calculates the distance of the object.

3. Arduino then activates the Buzzer if the distance between the sensor and object is less
that a certain range.

12
 CHAPTER 04

HARDWARE & COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

4.1 ARDUINO UNO

Fig 5. ARDUINO DIAGRAM

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has
14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 are analog inputs, a 16
MHZ ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a
USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

13
 The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USBto-serial
driver chip.Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a
USBto-serial converter.The Uno Is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has the
14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHZ quartz crystal, an USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and an reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with
an USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. “Uno” means one in
Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) .The Uno board and
version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of the Arduino, now evolved
to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

• Microcontroller ATmega328P
• Operating Voltage SV
• Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
• Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V
• Digital VO Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) PWM
• Digital V/O Pins 6
• Analog Input Pins 6
• DC Current per V/O Pin 20 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 Ma
• Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
• SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328P) . EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328P)
• Clock Speed 16 MHZ
• Length 68.6 mm
• Width 53.4 mm Weight 25 g.

14
ADVANTAGES OF ARDUINO .

• Inexpensive.
• Open source in hardware.
• don’t need to external programmer (Burner) .
• Programming ease.
• Open source in software. • IDE Software operates on any operating system.

APPLICATIONS

• Traffic Light Count Down Timer.

• Parking Lot Counter.
• Embedded systems.
• Home Automation.
• Weighing Machines

15
 4.2 ARDUINO INSTALLATION

Downloading the arduino software (IDE)

Get the latest Zip packages. Version from the download page. I can choose between the
installer I suggest to use the Arduino I use the Package create everything a portable I need
Installation . To install the drivers manually. Software (IDE), The Zip including the file first is
also the one useful drivers. That installs if With I want the directly into the drive installations .
When the process download when finishes , I get proceed warning with from the installation
operating system And please allow the

STEPS:
• Download & install the Arduino environment (IDE) …
• Launch the Arduino IDE. …
• If needed, install the drivers. …
• Connect the board to our computer via the USB cable. …
• Select our board. …
• Select our serial port. …
• Open the blink example..
• Upload the program..

Fig 6. Installation option

Choose the components to install

16
 Fig 7. installation folder

Choose the installation directory

Fig 8. installation

Installation in progress

The process will extract and install all the required files to execute properly the
Arduino Software(IDE).The text of the Arduino getting started guide is licensed under the
CCAS3.0license.Code samples in the guide are released into the public domain.

17
4.3 PIN DIAGRAM

Fig 9. PIN DIAGRAM

4.4 PIN DESCRIPTION

• Vin: This is the input voltage pin of the Arduino board used to provide input supply from
an external power source.

• 5V: This pin of the Arduino board is used as a regulated power supply voltage and it is
used to give supply to the board as well as onboard components.

• 3.3V: This pin of the board is used to provide a supply of 3.3V which is generated from a
voltage regulator on the board

• GND: This pin of the board is used to ground the Arduino board.

• Reset: This pin of the board is used to reset the microcontroller. It is used to Resets the
microcontroller.

• Analog Pins: The pins A0 to A5 are used as an analog input and it is in the range of 05V.

18
• Digital Pins: The pins 0 to 13 are used as a digital input or output for the Arduino board.

• Serial Pins: These pins are also known as THE UART pin. It is used for communication
between the Arduino board and a computer or other devices. The transmitter pin number
1 and receiver pin number 0 is used to transmit and receive the data resp.

• External Interrupt Pins: This pin of the Arduino board is used to produce the External
interrupt and it is done by pin numbers 2 and 3.

• PWM Pins: This pins of the board is used to convert the digital signal into an analog by
varying the width of the Pulse. The pin numbers 3,5,6,9,10 and a 11 are used as a PWM
pin.

• SPI Pins: This is Serial Peripheral Interface pin,it is used to maintain SPI communication
with the help of the SPI library. SPI pins include

• LED Pin: The board has an inbuilt LED using digital pin-13. The LED glows only when
the digital pin becomes high.

• AREF Pin: This is an analog reference pin of the Arduino board. It is used to provide a
reference voltage from an external power supply.

19
4.5 Ultra sonic SENSOR(HC-SR04)

Fig .10 Ultra Sonic diagram

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using

ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic
pulses that relay back information about an object’s proximity.High-frequency sound waves
reflect across boundaries to produce the distinct echo patterns. The working principle of this
module is simple.

It sends an ultrasonic pulse out at 40 kHz, which travels through the air, and if there is an
obstacle or object, it will bounce back to the sensor. By calculating the travel time and the speed
of sound, the distance can be calculated.Ultrasonic sensors are a great solution for the detection
of clear objects. For liquid level measurement, applications that use infrared sensors,for
instance, struggle with this particular use case because of target translucence.

For presence detection, ultrasonic sensors detect objects regardless of color, surface, or
material (unless the material is very soft, like wool, as it would absorb sound).

20
 Fig .11 ultra-Sonic signal
diagram

Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out the sound wave at a frequency above the range of
human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as the microphone to receive and send the
ultrasonic sound.Our ultrasonic sensors, like many others,use a single transducer to send a pulse
and to receive the echo.The sensor determines the distance to a target by measuring time lapses
between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse.

Specifications:

• Supply voltage +5V

• Consumption in silent mode 2 mA

• Consumption at work of 15 mA

• Measurement range -2 to 400 cm

• Effective measuring angle 15°

• The dimensions are 45×20×15 mm

21
4.6 BUZZER

FIG 12 BUZZER DIAGRAM

• Buzzers can be categorized into two different types active buzzers and passive buzzers.
• The buzzer is a sounding device that can convert audio signals into sound signals.
• It is usually powered by DC voltage.
• It is widely used in alarms, computers, printers and other electronic products as sound
devices.
• According to different designs and uses, the buzzer can emit various sounds such as
music, siren, buzzer, alarm, and electric bell.

Specifications of buzzer
• Color is black.

• The frequency range is 3,300Hz.

• Operating Temperature ranges from – 20°C to +60°C.

• Operating voltage ranges from 3V to 24V DC.

• The sound pressure level is 85dBA or 10cm.

• The supply current is below 15mA.

22
4.7 JUMPER WIRES

Fig 13. JUMPER WIRES DIAGRAM

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pin s at each end, allowing them to be
used to connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are typically used with
breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed.

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is an electrical Wire, or group of
them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes ,without them simply “tinned”),
which is normally used to inter connect components of ,breadboard or other proto type or test
circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering Individual jump wires
are fitted by inserting their “end connectors” into the slots provided in a breadboard, the header
connector of a circuit board, or a piece of test equipment

23
4.8 BREADBOARD

Fig 14. BREADBOARD DIAGRAM

A breadboard, or proto board, is a construction base for prototyping of electronics.

Originally the word referred to a literal bread board, a polished piece of wood used when slicing
bread. In the 1970s the solder less breadboard (a.k.a. pulpboard, a terminal array board) became
available and nowadays the term “breadboard” is commonly used to refer to these. Because the
solder less breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for
creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit design. For this reason, solder less
breadboards are also popular with students and in technological education. Older breadboard
types did not have this property. A strip board (Vero board) and similar prototyping printed
circuit boards, which are used to build semi permanent soldered prototypes or one-offs, cannot
easily be reused. A variety of the electronic systems may be prototyped by using breadboards,
from small analog and digital circuits to complete central processing units (CPUs).

Compared to more permanent circuit connection methods, modern breadboards have high
parasitic capacitance, relatively high resistance, and less reliable connections, which are subject
to jostle and physical degradation. Signalling is limited to about 10 MHz, and not everything
works properly even well below that frequency.

24
4.9 USB CABLES

Fig 15. USB CABLES

The term USB stands for “Universal Serial Bus”. USB cable assemblies are some of the
most popular cable types available ,used mostly to connect computers to peripheral devices such as
cameras, camcorders, printers, scanners, and more. The Devices manufactured to the current USB
Revision 3.0 specification are backward compatible with version 1.1.

As mentioned above, USB cable assemblies are designed with several distinct connector
types. The very most common types (figure 2) we will see are called Type A and Type B USB
connectors,though we may see “mini-B” connectors with either 4 or 5 pins.The different types of
connector have an important strategic purpose to them.

25
4.10 LED

Fig 16.LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric
current flows through it. When current passes through an LED, the electrons recombine with a
holes emitting light in the process.

LEDs allow the current to flow in the forward direction and blocks the current in the
reverse direction .The "LED (light emitting diode)" is used has one of the indicator in the car
reverse parking system. It alerts and warnings the driving person in the car by LED glowing
.The LED turns ON when the unknown obstacle is detected behind the car in the range of 30
cm .

26
 CHAPTER 05 .APPENDICES

5.1 ABOUT ARDUINO IDE tools

The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload the code
Arduino boards. The IDE application is suitable for different operating systems such as window
Mac OS X,and Linux. It supports the programming languages C and C++. Here, IDE stands for
Integrated Development Environment. There are two required functions in the Arduino sketch,
setup() and loop(). Oder functions must be created outside the brackets of those two functions .
.The Arduino Integrated Development Environment of Arduino Software (IDE) contains a text
editor for writing code, a message area, the text console, a toolbar with the buttons for common
functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and
communicate with them.

The Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches
features rewritten for in cutting/the text editor and are saved with the file extension The message
in The art editor gives his feedback while saving pasting exporting and for and searching also
displays replacing errors. Text. The console displays ache text output by error messages beard
and serial information. Port. The toolbar bottom Arduino buttons right Software hand allow the
comer (IDE), we to of verify including the window and complete upload displays programs,
Tcreate, open, and The configured save sketches, and open the serial monitor.

The IDE environment is mainly distributed into three sections

1. Menu Bar

2. ext Editor

3. Output Pan

27
As, I download and open IDE Software, it will appear like an image below:

Fig 17. IDE menu bar

The bar appearing on the top is called Menu Bar that comes with five different options as

Follow:

• File I can open the new window for writing the code or open an existing one. The Following

table shows the number of further subdivisions the file option is Categorized Into.

• As I go to the preference section and check the compilation section, the Output Pane

The code will compilation as I click the upload button.

28
• And at the end of the compilation, it will show the hex file it has generated for tie still Teach
that will send to the Arduino Board for the specific task I aim to achieve.

Fig 18.. IDE file

• And at the end of compilation, it will show the hex file it has generated for the recent
Sketch that will send to the Arduino board for the specific task I aim to achieve.

Fig 19.. File generation

29
 Fig 20. Menu tab

MENU TAB

• The checkmark appearing in the circular button is used to verify the code.
Click this once
• I have written the code.
• The arrow key will upload and transfer the required code to the Arduino board.
• The dotted paper is used for creating a new file.
• The upward arrow is reserved for opening an existing Arduino project.
• The downward arrow is used to save the current running code.
• The button appearing on the top right comer is a Serial Monitor.

Need to select the baud rate of the arduino board we are using right now , for any Arduino UNO
baud rate is 9600, as we write the following code and click the serial Monitor, the output will be
shown as the image below:

30
 Fig 21. Serial monitor output

• The main screen below the menu bar is known as a simple text editor used for writing the
Required code.

Fig 22.Output window

• More or less, Arduino C language works similar to the regular C language used for any
Embedded system microcontroller, however there are some dedicated libraries used for Calling
and executing specific functions on the board.

31
 5.2 CODING OF PROJECT

int trigPin = 7; //Here are the locations of pins

int echoPin = 4;

int buzzerPin = 9;

int ledPin = 6;

int time; //Teaching the time and distance to machine

int distance;

void setup()

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // sets the trigger pin as an output (sends wave out)

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // sets the echo pin as the input (receives the echoed sound wave)

pinMode (buzzerPin, OUTPUT); // sets the buzzer as an output

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

void loop()

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); //sound waves emitted

delayMicroseconds(5); // leave on for 5 us

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); // turn off emitter

int time = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // turn on echo detector

int distance = (time*0.034)/2; // speed of sound in air is 340 m/s = 0.034 cm/us. Dividing this

value by 2 gives us the distance from the sensor to the object

32
if (distance <= 30) { // if the distance calculates is less than or equal to 30, the buzzer sounds and
led blinks

digitalWrite (buzzerPin, HIGH);

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

delay (200);

}
else
{

// if the distance calculated is greater than 30 cm, buzzer is not turned on and the led doesnt blink

digitalWrite (buzzerPin, LOW);

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

delay (200);

33
 ADVANTAGES

• Initial cost is low

• It is more economical
• Increases safety while reverse parking and avoids damaging of car
• Decreases fuel consumption and time to search space
• It is more accurate as it indicates the exact distance between the vehicle and
obstacle
• This system decreases driver exhaustion during car

34
 APPLICATIONS

• Autonomous Vehicles
• Obstacle Avoiding Robots
• Distance Measurement
• Proximity Detection
• Human Detection
• Drones, UAVs and Helicopters
• Autonomous navigations

35
 CONCLUSION

In this project , " CAR REVERSE PARKING SENSOR USING ARDUINO UNO And
ULTRA SONIC SENSOR" was successfully designed & implemented.In this We used Ultra Sonic
sensor , which will sense the obstacles in the range of “30 CM” with the help of Arduino the
controller. The Arduino controller is used to Control this ultra Sonic sensor through our pre-
installed program and the buzzer. The “BUZZER” is used for the indication of any obstacle
which lies under its range.Our system can detecte an object with in the range of “30cm”.

36
 FUTURE SCOPE

The Arduino Car Reversing Parking System can be used to help park car in reverse
direction.This circuit can used in auto mobiles to park the vehicles safely.Decrease difficulties to
park in reverse direction.help to avoid collision. It is used in the robots (obstacle avoiding
robots) . Making it available for all the types of the vehicle. Automatic car parking. Effective
implementation on intelligent parking assist system(IPAS).Can be implemented accident alert
system using GSM
 37

REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY

• https://www.electronicshub.org/arduino-car-reverse-parking-sensor/
• https://theorycircuit.com/car-reverse-parking-sensor-circuit
• https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/vinicius-lopes/parking-sensor-

38
PROJECT OUTPUT

CIRCUIT OFF CONDITION

CIRCUIT ON CONDITION

39