Multi-Button IR Remote Control

using the MC9RS08KA2

Designer Reference Manual

RS08
Microcontrollers

DRM081
Rev. 0
6/2006

freescale.com
Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2
Designer Reference Manual

by: T.C. Lun

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Hong Kong

To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on the World Wide Web will be
the most current. Your printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verify that you have the latest
information available, refer to http://www.freescale.com
The following revision history table summarizes changes contained in this document. For your
convenience, the page number designators have been linked to the appropriate location.

Revision History
Revision Page
Date Description
Level Number(s)

06/2006 0 Initial release N/A

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 3
Revision History

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

4 Freescale Semiconductor
Table of Contents

Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 Freescale’s New Generation Ultra Low Cost MCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Reference Demo Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 2
Fundamentals of IR Remote Control Communication
2.1 Configuration of the IR Remote Control Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Control Frame Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 3
System Concept
3.1 System Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2 Application Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3 Control Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Chapter 4
Hardware
4.1 Hardware Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2 MC9RS09KA2 IR Remote Control Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2.1 Oscillator Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2.2 Keypad Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.3 LCD and LED Display in Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.4 IR Transmitter Diode Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.5 BDM Interface Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chapter 5
Software Design
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.2 Transmitter Flow Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.3 Transmitter Software Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.3.1 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.3.2 Key Decoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.3.3 Transmission Control Frame Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Appendix A.
Schematic
Appendix B.
Program Listing

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Freescale Semiconductor 5
Table of Contents

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

6 Freescale Semiconductor
Chapter 1
Introduction

1.1 Introduction
This document describes a reference design for an infrared (IR) remote control (RC) solution using the
MC9RS08KA2 microcontroller.
For many air conditioner and small home appliance applications, there is a need for a wireless user
interface such as a remote control unit to send data from a transmitter to a receiver using infrared
communication. The basic requirements of an IR remote control unit are: lower power consumption in
standby mode; low operating voltage; low system cost; and easy code modification for customizing to
different models.
This reference design includes both the transmitter and the receiver unit. In this document, the focus is to
show the use of the 6-pin DFN packaged MC9RS08KA2 microcontroller unit (MCU) for the IR remote
control transmitter unit. For details on the receiver, please refer to the designer reference manual,
Freescale document, DRM082 – Infrared remote control using the MC68HC908LT8.
A feature of this reference design is a 6-pin BDM interface header for in-circuit FLASH programming and
debugging in the remote control transmitter.

1.2 Freescale’s New Generation Ultra Low Cost MCU

The MC9RS08KA2 (KA2) microcontroller unit (MCU) is an extremely low cost, small pin count device for
home appliances, toys, small geometry, and remote control applications. This device is composed of
standard on-chip modules including a very small and highly efficient RS08 CPU core, 62 bytes RAM,
2Kbytes FLASH, an 8-bit modulo timer, keyboard interrupt, and analog comparator. The device is
available in small 6- and 8-pin packages.
MC9RS08KA2 Features:
• Simplified S08 instruction set with added high-performance instructions
• 2048 bytes on-chip FLASH EEPROM
• 62 bytes on-chip RAM
• Internal clock source
• Up to 10-MHz internal bus operation
• Background debug system
• Power-saving modes
• Low-voltage detection
• 8-bit modulo timer
• Analog comparator
• Keyboard interrupt ports

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 7
Introduction

Timer system features include:

• 8-bit up-counter
– Free-running or 8-bit modulo limit
– Software controllable interrupt on overflow
– Counter reset bit (TRST)
– Counter stop bit (TSTP)
• Four software selectable clock sources for input to prescaler:
– System bus clock — rising edge
– Fixed frequency clock (XCLK) — rising edge
– External clock source on the TCLK pin — rising edge
– External clock source on the TCLK pin — falling edge
• Nine selectable clock prescale values:
– Clock source divide by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256
The analog comparator has the following features:
• Full rail-to-rail supply operation
• Less than 40 mV of input offset
• Less than 15 mV of hysteresis
• Selectable interrupt on rising edge, falling edge, or either rising or falling edges of comparator
output
• Option to compare to fixed internal bandgap reference voltage
• Option to allow comparator output to be visible on a pin, ACMPO
• Remains operational in stop mode
The KBI features include:
• Each keyboard interrupt pin has individual pin enable bit
• Each keyboard interrupt pin is programmable as falling edge (or rising edge) only, or both falling
edge and low level (or both rising edge and high level) interrupt sensitivity
• One software-enabled keyboard interrupt
• Exit from low-power modes

1.3 Reference Demo Board

The remote control transmitter reference board has the following features:
• 9-button remote controller with ultra low cost MC9RS08KA2 MCU
• 38kHz carrier frequency generated by software delay
• Easy re-programming and debugging by 6-pin BDM interface
• Low operating voltage down to 1.8V
• Low power consumption in standby mode, typically 1µA(1)
Figure 1-1 shows the transmitter and receiver unit of the IR remote control reference design.

1. The power consumption is dependant on application and system requirements. The 1µA assumes that all modules are turned
off except the internal clock source (ICS).

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

8 Freescale Semiconductor
 Reference Demo Board

(a) MC9RS08KA2 IR RC Transmitter (b) MC68HC908LT8 IR RC Receiver

Figure 1-1. Infrared Remote Control Reference Design

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 9
Introduction

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

10 Freescale Semiconductor
 Configuration of the IR Remote Control Unit

Chapter 2
Fundamentals of IR Remote Control Communication

2.1 Configuration of the IR Remote Control Unit

An IR remote control transmitter generates infrared rays to a receiver by ways of a digital control frame
pattern. The infrared transmitting diode and the infrared receiving module are important components for
an efficient IR transmission through air. The carrier frequency for home appliance applications is typically
around 38kHz.
A typical configuration of IR remote control is shown in Figure 2-1.

Digital Control Frame

with 38kHz Carrier

REMOTE
CONTROL IR TX DIODE IR RX MODULE
TX MCU
Demodulated Digital
KEYPAD Control Signal

Infrared Rays

Figure 2-1. Configuration of IR Remote Control Unit

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Freescale Semiconductor 11
Fundamentals of IR Remote Control Communication

2.2 Control Frame Format

The IR control frame pattern is specific for different transmitter-receiver designs. It depends on application
requirements such as controller purpose and features. Figure 2-2 shows the typical example of the control
frame waveform that is used in this IR remote control reference design.
In Figure 2-2, the carrier is the 38kHz with a 1/3 duty cycle. Having IR transmitting diode using 38kHz
carrier and 1/3 duty cycle allows a low power design for the IR transmission. If the carrier was 1/2 duty,
the transmitting diode will be on for 13µs and off for 13µs. But for 1/3 duty, the diode is on for 8µs and off
for 18µs. A reduction in turn on time means a reduction in power consumption.
The data bit for 0 or 1 is based on the duration of the carrier on/off. For data 0, both carrier on and off
times are 0.5ms. For data 1, the carrier on time is 0.5ms and the carrier off time is 1.5ms.
Typically, the data frame consists of the header code, several bytes of data code, one byte of customer
code, and one stop bit. The header code is used to indicate to the IR receiver that following transmissions
will be the data code and customer code. The data code is used for control purposes, such as on/off,
increase/decrease, modes, etc. The customer code is used for identifying different customers. And the
stop bit is to indicate it is the last bit of the current transmission.
In this reference design, the above frame format is used for an air conditioner remote control unit.

8µs

Carrier Frequency (38kHz) with 1/3 Duty Cycle

26µs

Data “1” Data “0”

Carrier
Bit Data Format
0.5ms 0.5ms
2ms 1ms

Stop bit (1bit)

Frame Format
Header Data Code Data Code Data Code Customer Code
(8 bits) (8 bits) (8 bits) (8 bits)
9ms
13.5ms
Figure 2-2. Control Frame Waveform

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12 Freescale Semiconductor
 System Specification

Chapter 3
System Concept

3.1 System Specification

This reference design demonstrates a remote controller for air conditioner/small appliance applications
with re-programming and debugging features. The design meets the following performance
specifications:
• Low power consumption in standby mode
• Low operating voltage
• 6-pin BDM interface for software development
• MC9RS08KA2 transmitter and MC68HC908LT8 receiver for system evaluation in real time
• Transmitter and receiver use standard type-AAA batteries as power source
Figure 3-1(a) shows the front of the transmitter unit with the 9-key keypad. Figure 3-1(b) shows the back
of the transmitter unit with the BDM interface header and battery cover.
Figure 3-2(a) shows the front of the receiver unit, with the key switch, LCD and LED display, and the IR
receiver module. Figure 3-2(b) shows the back of the receiver unit, with the MON08 interface header,
battery holder, and ON/OFF switch.

3.2 Application Description

The design uses the MC9RS08KA2 in the transmitter unit and the MC68HC908LT8 in the receiver unit.
In the transmitter unit, the MC9RS08KA2 performs the following tasks:
• Keyboard scanning
• Frame encoding
• Carrier generating
• Transmitting the encoded frame to IR with carrier
In the receiver unit, the MC68HC908LT8 performs the following tasks:
• Keyboard scanning
• Frame decoding
• LCD and LED displaying
This document covers the MC9RS08KA2 transmitter unit only.

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Freescale Semiconductor 13
System Concept

(a) Front of IR RC Transmitter (b) Back of IR RC Transmitter

Figure 3-1. MC9RS08KA2 IR Remote Control Transmitter Unit

(a) Front of IR RC Receiver (b) Back of IR RC Receiver

Figure 3-2. MC68HC908LT8 IR Remote Control Receiver Unit

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

14 Freescale Semiconductor
 Control Process

3.3 Control Process

Since the design is targeted for an air conditioner remote controller application. Some general control
parameters must be included, such as power ON/OFF, temperature data, and mode selection.
Table 3-1 summarizes the control data frame definition for this reference design.
Table 3-1. Remote Control Frame Definition
Data Bit Definition
Code Function Remarks
Name 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

C1 0 A/C OFF
1 A/C ON
0 0 0 AUTO mode(1) no temp. no sleep
custom
0 0 1 COOL mode(2) custom wind
temp.
custom
0 1 0 HUMIDITY mode(2) custom wind
temp.
custom
0 1 1 WIND mode(2) custom wind no sleep
temp.
custom
1 0 0 HEAT mode(3) custom wind
temp.
0 0 °C
0 1 Reserved
1 0 °F (Lower range)
1 1 °F (Higher range)
0 Light ON
1 Light OFF
X Reserved
C2 0 Sleep OFF
1 Sleep ON
0 Swing OFF
1 Swing ON
0 0 AUTO Wind Speed
0 1 LOW Wind Speed
1 0 MIDDLE Wind Speed
1 1 HIGH Wind Speed
°C °F °F
Temperature
C1[3:2] = 0:0 C1[3:2] = 1:0 C1[3:2] = 1:1
0 0 0 0 15°C 59°F 75°F
0 0 0 1 16°C 60°F 76°F
0 0 1 0 17°C 61°F 77°F
0 0 1 1 18°C 62°F 78°F

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Freescale Semiconductor 15
System Concept

Table 3-1. Remote Control Frame Definition (Continued)

0 1 0 0 19°C 63°F 79°F
0 1 0 1 20°C 64°F 80°F
0 1 1 0 21°C 65°F 81°F
0 1 1 1 22°C 66°F 82°F
1 0 0 0 23°C 67°F 83°F
1 0 0 1 24°C 68°F 84°F
1 0 1 0 25°C 69°F 85°F
1 0 1 1 26°C 70°F 86°F
1 1 0 0 27°C 71°F
1 1 0 1 28°C 72°F
1 1 1 0 29°C 73°F
1 1 1 1 30°C 74°F
Model(4)
C3 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 1 3
0 1 0 0 4
0 1 0 1 5
0 1 1 0 6
0 1 1 1 7
1 0 0 0 8
1 0 0 1 9
0 Model Set ON
1 Model Set OFF
x x x Reserve
Same Model number between transmitter and
C4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 Customer Code(3)
receiver
NOTES:
1. Default mode for the reference design after a power-on-reset.
2. Default value of temperature is 25°C and needs to store temperature and wind speed individually.
3. Default value of temperature is 28°C.
4. Same model number for transmitter and receiver.

Since each customer has their own requirements and definitions, Table 3-1 only includes the general and
common control parameters. Additional parameters can be added, thus increasing the frame length by
the additional control bytes.

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16 Freescale Semiconductor
 Hardware Implementation

Chapter 4
Hardware

4.1 Hardware Implementation

This chapter will focus on the hardware implementation of MC9RS08KA2 transmitter unit. The
MC68HC908LT8 receiver unit is covered in the Freescale document, DRM082 – Infrared remote control
using the MC68HC908LT8; which also outlines an implementation of the transmitter unit using the
MC68HC908LT8.
The IR remote control transmitter unit can be divided into the following parts:
• Internal oscillator circuit
• Keypad scan and decode
• IR transmitter diode drive
• BDM interface

4.2 MC9RS09KA2 IR Remote Control Transmitter

The MC9RS08KA2 IR remote controller transmitter unit is mounted on an optimized PCB and fits in an
actual remote controller casing, with keypad, battery holder, and a BDM interface header for firmware
development and system evaluation.
This reference design uses the 6-pin packaged MC9RS08KA2 to implement the basic functions of the IR
remote controller transmitter unit. An 8-pin packaged version can be used if more features and functions
are required.

4.2.1 Oscillator Circuit

As the MC9RS08KA2 has an internal clock source (ICS) module, an external crystal is not required to
generate the clock for the device. The 6-pin packaged device has enough pins to implement a 9-key IR
remote controller transmitter unit. The ICS in the KA2 is a RC oscillator with a maximum frequency of
20MHz (10MHz bus) and an accuracy of ±2% after trimming. This ±2% accuracy is sufficient for IR
remote control applications.

4.2.2 Keypad Scanning

Although MC9RS08KA2 does not have a built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an ADC function can
be emulated using its built-in comparator. Together with a resistor network, for different voltages, the
comparator can be used to detect the different buttons being pressed. The technique for emulated ADC
on the MC9RS08KA2 is discussed in Freescale document, AN3266 — Getting Started with RS08.
From Figure 4-1, the idea is to decode the 9-button keypad using the keyboard interrupt (KBI2) and the
comparator module (ACMP+ and ACMP–) emulated as ADC. The 9-button keypad is implemented using
contacts on the printed circuit board (PCB) and a 9-button membrane with tactile domes for closing the
contacts on the PCB. The switch contacts on the PCB are designed in a way to provide the necessary
separation between the KBI2 and ACMP– pins.
Pressing a button connects KBI2 to ground, and hence causes a keyboard interrupt on the MCU. At the
same time, the resistor divider for the button also connects to ground, and hence causes a defined voltage

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 17
Hardware

potential on the ACMP– pin. When a KBI occurs the RC network (R11 and C3) on ACMP+ starts charging.
Which button is pressed is determined by counting the time for the charge voltage on ACMP+ to equal
the resistor divider voltage on ACMP–.

VDD

1 1

R11 R10
4.70K
2 2 4.70K

1 1

C3 C4
0.068uF 1uF
2 2

GND GND

ACMP+
ACMP-

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9
931 1.58K 2.37K 3.32K 4.70K 6.65K 9.31K 14.0K 23.7K
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

KBI2

1 S1 1 S2 1 S3 1 S4 1 S5 1 S6 1 S7 1 S8 1 S9
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

GND
S1: ON/OFF S6: MODEL
S2: MODE S7: SLEEP
S3: WIND S8: LIGHT
S4: + S9: SWING
S5: -

Figure 4-1. Transmitter 9-Key Circuit

There are nine buttons on the transmitter unit. The function of each button is summarized Table 4-1.
Table 4-1. Buttons on the IR Remote Control Transmitter Unit
Button Function
This is the ON/OFF button. Pressing S1 toggles the air conditioner power on and off. When the
S1 receiver is in the OFF mode, the OFF LED will be on, ON LED is off, and the LCD will be off. When the
receiver is in the ON mode, the ON LED will be on, OFF LED is off, and the LCD will be on.
This is the mode selection button. Pressing S2 toggles through the operating modes of the air
conditioner: AUTO → COOL → HUMIDITY → WIND → HEAT and back again to AUTO (see
S2
Table 3-1). The corresponding icon on the receiver LCD is activated accordingly (see 4.3 LCD and
LED Display in Receiver).
This is the WIND speed selection button. Pressing S3 toggles through the wind speeds of the air
conditioner: AUTO → LOW → MIDDLE → HIGH and back again to AUTO (see Table 3-1). The default
S3
setting is AUTO when the air conditioner is switched from off to on. The corresponding icon on the
receiver LCD is activated accordingly (see 4.3 LCD and LED Display in Receiver).
This is the “+” or increase button for temperature setting. Each S4 press increases the temperature by
S4
one Degree or Fahrenheit.
This is the “–” or decrease button for temperature setting. Each S5 press decreases the temperature
S5
by one Degree or Fahrenheit.

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18 Freescale Semiconductor
 LCD and LED Display in Receiver

Table 4-1. Buttons on the IR Remote Control Transmitter Unit

Button Function
This is the model selection button. Since there is no display on the transmitter, this key performs no
S6
function on this reference design (the model number is fixed to model #0).
This is the sleep mode button. Pressing S7 activates the sleep timer and turn off the receiver LCD. The
S7 air conditioner switches off when the sleep timer expires. The actual sleep timer is not implemented on
this reference design.
This is the LCD backlight on/off button. Pressing S8 toggles the backlight on the receiver LCD on and
S8
off. In this reference design, this button actually toggles one of the receiver LCD icons on and off.
This is the air swing selection button. Pressing S9 toggles the air conditioner louver air swing on the off.
S9 The corresponding icon on the receiver LCD is activated accordingly (see 4.3 LCD and LED Display in
Receiver).

4.3 LCD and LED Display in Receiver

Figure 4-2 shows the LED and LCD display on the MC68HC908LT8 IR remote control receiver unit.

Operating Modes

AUTO COOL HUMIDITY WIND HEAT

Fan Wind Speed

Air Conditioner OFF

Air Conditioner ON AUTO

LOW
(1-bar ON)

Temperature
MIDDLE
(3-bar ON)

HIGH
(5-bar ON)

Model Number Air swing Light

Figure 4-2. Typical Air Conditioner Receiver LCD Display

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Freescale Semiconductor 19
Hardware

4.4 IR Transmitter Diode Drive

To keep system cost low, the MC9RS08KA2 MCU drives the IR transmitting diode directly. Figure 4-3
shows the typical drive circuit for the IR transmitting diode.

VDD

NDS7002A IR_LED
Q1 D1 R14
2 3 1 2 1 2

2.2

GND

220 R12

Figure 4-3. Circuit for IR Transmitting Diode

The circuit uses PTA3 to drive the IR transmitter diode. The timer overflow and software delay are used
to generate the 1/3 duty cycle, 38kHz waveform and all data bits of the transmitter control frame. When
PTA3 is at logic high, the IR transmitter diode is on. R14 is a current limiting resistor for the IR transmitter
diode. The value of R14 depends on the requirement of output power in the IR transmitting diode.
Lowering the value of R7 will increase the output power of the IR transmitter diode. Also, the output power
of the IR transmitter diode can be changed by altering the duty cycle of the output PWM signal.

4.5 BDM Interface Header

For easier reprogramming of FLASH and evaluating purposes, a 6-pin BDM header is included in this
reference design. The BDM interface provides in-circuit programming and debugging features.

VDD
U1 P1

VSS 2 1

RST 4 3

VDD 6 5

KA2
GND

BKGD

Figure 4-4. BDM Interface Circuit

Figure 4-4 shows the connection between the BDM header (P1) with MC9RS08KA2 in the transmitter
unit. To reprogram or debug code, just connect the hardware interface board between the PC and the
BDM header. For normal transmitter unit operation, pins 3 and 4 are shorted, and the RST pin becomes
the KBI2 pin.

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

20 Freescale Semiconductor
 Introduction

Chapter 5
Software Design

5.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the software design for the IR remote controller reference design. This includes
outlines for the following:
• General flow chart
• Transmitter software implementation

5.2 Transmitter Flow Chart

The control algorithm of the remote control transmitter is shown in Figure 5-1. Detail processes in the
code are explained in the following sections. After the remote control transmitter is powered on, the
MC9RS08KA2 registers will be initialized, such as the I/O ports, timer, and keyboard interrupt modules.
After the register initialization, the keyboard interrupt is enabled, ready to detect any button press. If no
button is pressed on the transmitter unit, the MC9RS08KA2 will enter stop mode for power saving. In stop
mode, all MCU modules are turned off. If a button is pressed, the MCU will wakeup from stop mode and
then determine which button has been pressed using the emulated ADC method. Once the button
pressed is determined, the control data frame is updated accordingly. After that, the control frame will be
transmitted by the IR transmitter diode. Once the button is released, the code will jump back to the
beginning and wait for a button press again.

5.3 Transmitter Software Implementation

This section discusses the transmitter software implementation in details.

5.3.1 Initialization
After transmitter power on, the following are initialized on the MC9RS08KA2 MCU:
• ICS trimmed to 16-MHz, ± 2%
• Clear COP counter
• Set configuration registers
– Disable COP and RTI
– Enable LVI
– Disable IRQ
• Initialize system variables
• Initialize control frame data
• Initialize GPIO A modules
– All GPIO as outputs low except PTA2
– sets A0 and A1 to logic high
• Initialize timer module
– Set clock source to bus frequency divide-by-64
• Enable KBI2 pin for falling-edge trigger interrupts

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Freescale Semiconductor 21
Software Design

After initialization, the main routine will enter and remain in stop mode for power saving (stop IDD = 1µA)
until a button is pressed. On wake up, the button is software debounced and decoded, the control frame
updated, and the frame transmitted out. After the IR signal is transmitted, the system will return to stop
mode again, ready to detect a button press.

START

Initialization

Enable Keyboard Interrupt

stop mode

Button Y Y Button
Pressed? Released?

N N

Disable Keyboard Interrupt

Key Debounce (3 times)

Get ADC value

Decode Keys

Update
Control Frame

Transmit IR Frame

Figure 5-1. General Flow Chart of Transmitter

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

22 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

5.3.2 Key Decoding

The flow chart in Figure 5-1 shows that when a button is pressed, the system will wake up from stop mode.
After that, key decoding is performed. The detail operation of the key decoding is shown in the flow chart
of Figure 5-2. When the system wakes up, the keyboard interrupt will be disabled and key debounce
performed to eliminate the noise that may trigger a wrong key pressed. After key debounce, key decoding
is performed to determine which button is pressed. This reference design uses an emulated ADC to find
out which key is pressed. When a key is pressed, both comparator pins (ACMP+ and ACMP–) and the
timer will be enabled and timer count starts. The voltage on the ACMP– pin is dependent on the resistor
divider that is connected to the keys on the keypad. The timer counts the period for the voltage on the
ACMP+ pin to charge up until it is equal to the voltage on the ACMP– pin. When the two voltages are
equal, an interrupt will occur and the timer count is recorded. As each button has a different voltage and
hence, different timer counts, the button pressed can be determined.
When the key is identified, the control frame will be updated according the function of the key. The frame
is then transmitted out through the IR transmitter diode with 38kHz, 1/3 duty, cycle carrier.

5.3.3 Transmission Control Frame Update

When the key is identified, the transmission control frame is updated based on the assigned function of
the key. The definition of the transmission control frame is shown in Table 3-1 and the definition of the
key function are described in 4.2.2 Keypad Scanning.

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 23
Software Design

Key Scan

Key Debounce (3 times)

Discharge capacitor
in ACMP+ pin

Timer start and

Enable comparator

Is voltage No
on ACMP+/–
same? The voltage on ACMP+ will charge up until
it is equal to the voltage on ACMP–.
Yes
The voltage on ACMP– is determined by the
different potential divider for each keys.
Disable Comparator

Stop Timer and

Save charging time

Key identified by
charging time

Update
Control Frame

Return

Figure 5-2. Keyboard Decoding in Transmitter

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

24 Freescale Semiconductor
 5 4 3 2 1

VDD

VDD

1
1 1 1

D D
1
DC1 C1 C2 B1
0.1uF
Schematics

Schematic
Appendix A.

2 2 1uF/6V 2 10uF/6V
2
R14
Appendix A.

VDD
2 2.2
GND

Freescale Semiconductor
2
IR_LED

D1
1 1

1
R11 R10
4.70K
3
2 2 4.70K

Q1 R12
1 1 2
NDS7002A
220 1 1
2
C C
C3 C4
0.068uF 1uF
2 2

GND GND
GND U1
/RST 1 6 ACMP+
PA2/K2/RST PA0/K0/A+
PTA3 2 5 ACMP-
PA3/AO/BKGD PA1/K1/A-
VDD 3 4 GND
VDD VSS
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9RS08KA2FP
GND
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9
931 1.58K 2.37K 3.32K 4.70K 6.65K 9.31K 14.0K 23.7K
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 S1 1 S2 1 S3 1 S4 1 S5 1 S6 1 S7 1 S8 1 S9
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
B B
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

P1
GND 2 1 PTA3 GND
/RST 4 3 KBIP2 S1: ON/OFF S6: MODEL
VDD 6 5
S2: MODE S7: SLEEP
BDM HEADER S3: WIND S8: LIGHT

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

S4: + S9: SWING
USER MODE: P1(3-4) SHORT S5: -
BDM MODE: P1(3-4) OPEN

A A
Transmitter Software Implementation

25
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR HK LTD. DATE: 03/04/06
DESCRIPTION: MC9RS08KA2 REMOTE CONTROL REFERENCE DEMO(M68DEMOKA2RC1) REV: 0.1 SHEET 01 of 01
5 4 3 2 1
Software Design

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

26 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

Appendix B.
Program Listing

;**************************************************************
;
; (c) copyright Freescale Semiconductor. 2006
; ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
;
;**************************************************************

;**************************************************************
;* Remote Control Coding for 9RS08KA2
;*
;* Author: T.C. Lun
;* Date: Feb 2006
;*
;* PTA0/KBI0/ACMP+ Keypads input
;* PTA1/KBI1/ACMP- RC input
;* PTA2/KBI2/TCLK/RESETb/VPP KBI for S6-S9
;* PTA3/ACMPO/BKGD/MS Unused
;* PTA4/KBI4 KBI for S1-S5
;* PTA5/KBI5 IR output
;**************************************************************
; include derivative specific macros
XDEF Entry

include "MC9RS08KA2.inc"

;=========================================================================
; ICS Definition
;=========================================================================
ICS_DIV_1 equ $00
ICS_DIV_2 equ $40
ICS_DIV_4 equ $80
ICS_DIV_8 equ $c0

;=========================================================================
; MTIM Definition
;=========================================================================
MTIM_DIV_1 equ $00
MTIM_DIV_2 equ $01
MTIM_DIV_4 equ $02
MTIM_DIV_8 equ $03
MTIM_DIV_16 equ $04
MTIM_DIV_32 equ $05
MTIM_DIV_64 equ $06
MTIM_DIV_128 equ $07
MTIM_DIV_256 equ $08

MTIM_BUS_CLK equ $00

MTIM_XCLK equ $10

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 27
Software Design

MTIM_TCLK_FALLING equ $20

MTIM_TCLK_RISING equ $30

;=========================================================================
; ACMP Definition
;=========================================================================
ACMP_OUTPUT_FALLING equ $00
ACMP_OUTPUT_RAISING equ $01
ACMP_OUTPUT_BOTH equ $03

;=========================================================================
; RTI Definition
;=========================================================================
RTI_DISABLE equ $00
RTI_8MS equ $01
RTI_32MS equ $02
RTI_64MS equ $03
RTI_128MS equ $04
RTI_256MS equ $05
RTI_512MS equ $06
RTI_1024MS equ $07

;=========================================================================
; Application Definition
;=========================================================================

RC equ PTAD_PTAD0
mRC equ mPTAD_PTAD0
TEMPSEN equ PTAD_PTAD1
mTEMPSEN equ mPTAD_PTAD1
KEY equ PTAD_PTAD2
mKEY equ mPTAD_PTAD2
IR equ PTAD_PTAD3
mIR equ mPTAD_PTAD3
Test equ PTAD_PTAD5
mTest equ mPTAD_PTAD5
mTest1 equ mPTAD_PTAD4

Step equ 10 ;Step Size

; Tested value for 4K7 + 0.68uF RC

Lowest_Boundary equ 03 ; Lowest Boundary Limit Value [224uS]
S1_Boundary equ 21 ; S1 Boundary Value (0.50V = 15) [608uS]
S2_Boundary equ 30 ; S2 Boundary Value (0.75V = 23) [896uS]
S3_Boundary equ 40 ; S3 Boundary Value (1.00V = 32) [1216uS]
S4_Boundary equ 51 ; S4 Boundary Value (1.25V = 43) [1568uS]
S5_Boundary equ 65 ; S5 Boundary Value (1.50V = 55) [2016uS]
S6_Boundary equ 81 ; S6 Boundary Value (1.75V = 70) [2528uS]
S7_Boundary equ 102 ; S7 Boundary Value (2.00V = 88) [3200uS]
S8_Boundary equ 129 ; S8 Boundary Value (2.25V = 111) [4064uS]
S9_Boundary equ 173 ; S9 Boundary Value (2.50V = 143) [5472uS]

TableStart: equ $00003E00

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

28 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

Auto_Mode_Init equ %10100000 ;25oC, Sleep_off, swing_off, auto_wind (Tx_Data32)

Heat_Mode_Init equ %11010000 ;28oC, Sleep_off, swing_off, auto_wind (Tx_Data32)

Tx_Flag_Init equ %00100011 ;TX_READY=0, TX_CNT=35 (Count down)

Data10_Init equ %00000010 ;AC_OFF, Auto_mode, oC, Light ON

Data32_Init equ %10100000 ;25oC, Sleep_off, Swing_off, auto_wind
Data54_Init equ %00001000 ;Model Set to Model 0 (b0 always equal to 0)
CtmCode_Init equ %10101001 ;0.63ms low + 0100101 customer code (Tx LSB first)

;(Value for Tx frame delay call for 0.5mS delay) for FSL
Head_Time_ON equ $10 ; Carrier on time for heading (8mS) 16*0.5ms
Head_Time_OFF equ $08 ; Carrier off time for heading (4mS) 8*0.5ms

; 0us for compensation of time delay by the instruction delay

Data0_Time_ON equ $32 ; Carrier on time for data 0 (500uS) 50*10us
Data0_Time_OFF equ $32 ; Carrier off time for data 0 (500uS) 50*10us
Data1_Time_ON equ $32 ; Carrier on time for data 1 (500uS) 50*10us
Data1_Time_OFF equ $96 ; Carrier off time for data 1 (1500uS) 150*10us

; Key_Flag bit definition

KEY_ON equ 7 ;=1 if KBI occur, =0 if key released
KEY_WRONG equ 6 ;=1 if Key Wrong, =0 if Key O.K.
KEY_FIRST_ON equ 5 ;=1 if first timer setting ON key pressed
KEY_CONFIRM equ 4 ;=1 if second timer setting ON key pressed
LCD_READY equ 3 ;=1 go to LCD routine
KEY_REP equ 2 ;=1 if Key Repeat within 250mS
TIM_FLASH equ 1 ;=1 if toggle in 250mS T1OF
S34_KEY_ON equ 0 ;=1 if S3 or S4 pressed

TX_READY equ 7 ;=1 if Tx ready, =0 if Tx not ready

; [8.0ms delay, Timer clock = bus / 64 = 32us, 32us*250=8.0ms]

D_1mS equ 31
D_2mS equ 63
D_3mS equ 94
D_4mS equ 125
D_5mS equ 156
D_6mS equ 188
D_7mS equ 219
D_8mS equ 250

;=========================================================================
; Application Macro
;=========================================================================
StartTimer: macro
mov DelayPeriod, MTIMMOD ; OF period
mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC ; Reset and Start Timer
endm

StopTimer: macro
mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; Reset and Stop Timer

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 29
Software Design

endm

org TINY_RAMStart

; variable/data section
KeyRead ds.b 1 ; ADC value from Keypad [00]

Auto_Mode ds.b 1 ; Store wind speed + Temperature (Tx_Data32)=%10010000 [01]

Cool_Mode ds.b 1 ; Store wind speed + Temperature (Tx_Data32)=%10010000 [02]
Humd_Mode ds.b 1 ; Store wind speed + Temperature (Tx_Data32)=%10010000 [03]
Wind_Mode ds.b 1 ; Store wind speed + Temperature (Tx_Data32)=%10010000 [04]
Heat_Mode ds.b 1 ; Store wind speed + Temperature (Tx_Data32)=%11000000 [05]

Tx_Data10 ds.b 1 ; Nibble 1-0 (first 4-bit will be shift out)=%0000xxxx [06]
Tx_Data32 ds.b 1 ; Nibble 3-2 =%10010000 [07]
Tx_Data54 ds.b 1 ; Nibble 5-4 =%00000001 [08]
Tx_CtmCode ds.b 1 ; Nibble 9-8 (last bit will be shift out)=%x0100101 [09]

Tx_Flag ds.b 1 ; Tx Flag [0A]

Tx_Data_Temp ds.b 1 ; Tmp Tx Data Store [0B]
Key_Flag ds.b 1 ; Key_Flag [0C]

org RAMStart

; variable/data section
Tmp3 ds.b 1 ; Tmp [20]
;....
Tmpx ds.b 1 ; Tmp [4F]

org ROMStart
; code section [3800]
main:
Entry:
;-------------------------------------------------------
; Config ICS
; Device is pre-trim to 16MHz ICLK frequency
; TRIM value are stored in $3FFA:$3FFB
;-------------------------------------------------------
mov #HIGH_6_13(NV_ICSTRM), PAGESEL; Select $3FC0 - $3FFF
mov MAP_ADDR_6(NV_FTRIM), ICSSC ; $3FFB -> ICSSC
mov MAP_ADDR_6(NV_ICSTRM), ICSTRM ; $3FFA -> ICSTRIM
mov #ICS_DIV_4, ICSC2 ; Use 2MHz

;-------------------------------------------------------
;Config System
;-------------------------------------------------------
mov #HIGH_6_13(SOPT), PAGESEL ; Init Page register
mov #(mSOPT_COPT|mSOPT_STOPE), MAP_ADDR_6(SOPT) ; SOPT, COP disabled
mov #(mSPMSC1_LVDE|mSPMSC1_LVDRE), MAP_ADDR_6(SPMSC1) ; LVI enable
mov #(RTI_DISABLE), MAP_ADDR_6(SRTISC) ; RTI disable

;-------------------------------------------------------
; Init RAM

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

30 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

;-------------------------------------------------------
clr KeyRead
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
; System Variable Init
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
clr Tx_Flag ; Initial Tx flag

lda #Auto_Mode_Init ; Initial difference mode value

; wind speed + Temperature (Tx_Data32)
sta Auto_Mode
sta Cool_Mode
sta Humd_Mode
sta Wind_Mode
mov #Heat_Mode_Init,Heat_Mode

mov #Data10_Init,Tx_Data10 ; Initial Tx Data + Customer code

mov #Data32_Init,Tx_Data32
mov #Data54_Init,Tx_Data54
mov #CtmCode_Init,Tx_CtmCode
;-------------------------------------------------------
; Config GPIO
; RC - init L
; IR - init L
;-------------------------------------------------------
mov #%00000011, PTAD ; set all to 0 except PTA0 & 1
mov #(mRC|mIR|mTest|mTest1), PTADD; Set all to output including unused pins
;-------------------------------------------------------
;Config MTIM
;
;Timer prescalar=256 -> Timer clk~8kHz
;Bus = 2MHz (0.5uS)
;Max OF period = 32.768ms (128us *256)
;Timer resolution = 128us

;Timer prescalar=64 -> Timer clk 31.25KHz

;Bus = 2MHz (0.5uS)
;Max OF period = 8.192ms (32us *256)
;Timer resolution = 32us
;-------------------------------------------------------
mov #(MTIM_BUS_CLK|MTIM_DIV_64), MTIMCLK
mov #255, MTIMMOD
;-------------------------------------------------------
;Config KBI (KBI1ES default falling edge trigger)
;-------------------------------------------------------
bclr KEY, MAP_ADDR_6(PTAPUD) ; Pullup selected [PTA2]
mov #(mKEY), MAP_ADDR_6(PTAPE) ; Pullup/down Enable [PTA2]

bclr KEY, KBIES ; Keypads falling edge trigger

mov #(mKEY), KBIPE ; KBI Enable [KBI2]

;-------------------------------------------------------
;Key Scan Start
;-------------------------------------------------------

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 31
Software Design

KeyScanStart:

bset RC, PTAD ; set PTA0 = 1

mov #%00000110, KBISC ; Ack + KBI enable + Edge only

STOP ; Wait for KBI

bset KBISC_KBACK, KBISC ; Clear Flag

bset KBISC_KBIE, KBISC ; Disable KBI interrupt

jsr Delay_5mS

brset KEY, PTAD, KeyScanStart ; Debounce

jsr Delay_5mS

brset KEY, PTAD, KeyScanStart ; Debounce

jsr Delay_5mS

brset KEY, PTAD, KeyScanStart ; Debounce

bclr RC, PTAD ; Discharge before start ADC test

jsr Delay_5mS
jsr Delay_5mS

jsr ReadSensor ; Read ADC value (1ms)

lda KeyRead

cmp #Lowest_Boundary ; [vs 19]

blo Key_Error ; Key Error
cmp #S1_Boundary ; [vs 38]
blo S1 ; S1 (ON/OFF) key pressed confirm
cmp #S2_Boundary ; [vs 63]
blo S2 ; S2 (MODE) key pressed confirm
cmp #S3_Boundary ; [vs 86]
blo S3 ; S3 (WIND) key pressed confirm
cmp #S4_Boundary ; [vs 113]
blo S4 ; S4 (+) key pressed confirm
cmp #S5_Boundary ; [vs 138]
blo S5 ; S5 (-) key pressed confirm
cmp #S6_Boundary ; [vs 163]
blo S6 ; S6 (MODEL) key pressed confirm
cmp #S7_Boundary ; [vs 188]
blo S7 ; S7 (SLEEP) key pressed confirm
cmp #S8_Boundary ; [vs 213]
blo S8 ; S8 (LIGHT) key pressed confirm
cmp #S9_Boundary ; [vs 238]
blo S9 ; S9 (SWING) key pressed confirm
bra Key_Error ; Key Error

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

32 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

Key_Error:

bra KeyScanStart

S1: jmp S1_Key

S2: jmp S2_Key
S3: jmp S3_Key
S4: jmp S4_Key
S5: jmp S5_Key
S6: jmp S6_Key
S7: jmp S7_Key
S8: jmp S8_Key
S9: jmp S9_Key

;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
; Delay 8ms
; [8.0ms delay, Timer clock = bus / 64 = 32us, 32us*313=10.0ms]
;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Delay_1mS:
mov #31, MTIMMOD ; OF period (1ms)
bra DelayX
Delay_3mS:
mov #94, MTIMMOD ; OF period (3ms)
bra DelayX
Delay_4mS:
mov #125, MTIMMOD ; OF period (3ms)
bra DelayX
Delay_5mS:
mov #156, MTIMMOD ; OF period (5ms)
bra DelayX
Delay_6mS:
mov #188, MTIMMOD ; OF period (6ms)
bra DelayX
Delay_7mS:
mov #219, MTIMMOD ; OF period (7ms)
bra DelayX
Delay_8mS:
mov #250, MTIMMOD ; OF period (8ms)

DelayX:
mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC ; Reset and Start Timer
wait
mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; mask interrupt and clear flag
rts

;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
; Delay Xms (1-8mS)
; [8.0ms delay, Timer clock = bus / 64 = 32us, 32us*156=1-8ms]
;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Delay_XmS:
sta MTIMMOD ; OF period
mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC; Reset and Start Timer
wait

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 33
Software Design

mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC; mask interrupt and clear flag

rts

;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
; Read Keypad voltage Value
; Timer prescalar=8 -> Timer clk~250kHz
; Bus = 2MHz
; Max OF period = 1.02ms
; Timer resolution = 4us
; [i/p: ACMP interrupt]
; [o/p: KeyRead]
;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ReadSensor:
mov #(MTIM_BUS_CLK|MTIM_DIV_8), MTIMCLK ; Change Timer resolution
mov #255, MTIMMOD ; OF period
mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC ; Reset and Start Timer

mov #(mACMPSC_ACME|mACMPSC_ACIE|ACMP_OUTPUT_RAISING), ACMPSC

; Enable ACMP, start RC rise
cmp $0 ; 3 dummy ~ 1.2us total, ACMP start delay
bset ACMPSC_ACF, ACMPSC ; Clear ACMP Flag
wait ; delay 0.8ms and make the read process deterministic ??
brclr ACMPSC_ACF, ACMPSC, NoReading
mov MTIMCNT, KeyRead
bset ACMPSC_ACF, ACMPSC ; Clear ACMP Flag
clr ACMPSC ; disable ACMP
wait
mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; mask interrupt and clear flag
mov #(MTIM_BUS_CLK|MTIM_DIV_64), MTIMCLK ; Reset Timer resolution
rts

NoReading:
mov #$FF, KeyRead ; Biggest Number
clr ACMPSC ; disable ACMP
mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; mask interrupt and clear flag
mov #(MTIM_BUS_CLK|MTIM_DIV_64), MTIMCLK ; Reset Timer resolution
rts

; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
; Tx Data Update
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
S1_Key: ; ON/OFF Key pressed(ON/OFF)
brclr 7,Tx_Data10,S1_ON ; Check ON/OFF status

bclr 7,Tx_Data10 ; Change to OFF state

bra Clear_T_S

S1_ON:
bset 7,Tx_Data10 ; Change to ON state

Clear_T_S:
bclr 3,Tx_Data32 ; Clear Sleep

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

34 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

bclr 3,Auto_Mode
bclr 3,Cool_Mode
bclr 3,Humd_Mode
bclr 3,Wind_Mode
bclr 3,Heat_Mode
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready

jmp Tx_Frame
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
S2_Key: ; Modes Key pressed (MODE)
; (Auto>Cool>Humd>Wind>Heat)
brclr 7,Tx_Data10,Slip_S2 ; No action if S1=OFF

bclr 3,Tx_Data32 ; Clear Sleep

bclr 3,Auto_Mode
bclr 3,Cool_Mode
bclr 3,Humd_Mode
bclr 3,Wind_Mode
bclr 3,Heat_Mode
lda Tx_Data10 ; Here (S1=ON)
lsra ; shift higher nibble to lower nibble
lsra ; All higher nibble is %0000
lsra
lsra
cmp #%00001100 ; Reach Max. value (Heat mode)?
blo Inc_Modes
lda Tx_Data10
and #%10001111 ; Change mode to 000
sta Tx_Data10
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready
bra Mode_Update

Inc_Modes:
inca
lsla
lsla
lsla
lsla
sta Tx_Data_Temp ; Store higher nibble
lda Tx_Data10
and #%00001111 ; mask higher nibble
ora Tx_Data_Temp
sta Tx_Data10
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready

Mode_Update: ; Mode parameter to Tx_Data32

lda Tx_Data10
and #%01110000
cmp #%00000000 ; Check Auto mode?
beq Auto_2_D32
cmp #%00010000 ; Check Cool mode?
beq Cool_2_D32

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 35
Software Design

cmp #%00100000 ; Check Humd mode?

beq Humd_2_D32
cmp #%00110000 ; Check Wind mode?
beq Wind_2_D32
mov Heat_Mode,Tx_Data32 ; It is Heat mode
bra End_S2

Auto_2_D32:
mov Auto_Mode,Tx_Data32
bra End_S2
Cool_2_D32:
mov Cool_Mode,Tx_Data32
bra End_S2
Humd_2_D32:
mov Humd_Mode,Tx_Data32
bra End_S2
Wind_2_D32:
mov Wind_Mode,Tx_Data32

Slip_S2:
End_S2:

jmp Tx_Frame
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
S3_Key: ; "Fan Speed" Key pressed (WIND)
; (Auto>low>mid>high)
brclr 7,Tx_Data10,Slip_S3 ; No action if AC OFF

lda Tx_Data32 ; Here (AC ON)

and #%00000011 ; mask other bit except b1-0
cmp #%00000011 ; Reach Max. value (high)?
beq Rst_Wind
Inc_Wind:
inc Tx_Data32
bra End_S3

Rst_Wind:
bclr 0,Tx_Data32
bclr 1,Tx_Data32 ; Change to Min. value (Auto)

End_S3:
jsr Data32_To_Modes ; Check & update Data32 & Modes
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready

Slip_S3:

jmp Tx_Frame
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
S4_Key: ; + Key pressed for oC / Model Set (^)
S4_Normal:
brclr 7,Tx_Data10,Slip_S4 ; No action if S1=OFF
lda Tx_Data10
and #%01110000

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

36 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

beq Slip_S4 ; No action if in Auto Mode

lda Tx_Data32
lsra ; shift higher nibble to lower nibble
lsra ; All higher nibble is %0000
lsra
lsra

cmp #%00001111 ; Is reach Max $111, No need Inc

bhs No_Inc_Data32

inca
lsla
lsla
lsla
lsla
sta Tx_Data_Temp ; Store higher nibble
lda Tx_Data32
and #%00001111 ; mask higher nibble
ora Tx_Data_Temp

sta Tx_Data32

No_Inc_Data32:
jsr Data32_To_Modes ; Check & update Data32 & Modes
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready
bset S34_KEY_ON,Key_Flag

Slip_S4:
End_S4:

jmp Tx_Frame
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
S5_Key: ; - Key pressed for oC / Model Set (v)
S5_Normal:
brclr 7,Tx_Data10,Slip_S5 ; No action if S1=OFF
lda Tx_Data10
and #%01110000
beq Slip_S5 ; No action if in Auto Mode

lda Tx_Data32
lsra ; shift higher nibble to lower nibble
lsra ; All higher nibble is %0000
lsra
lsra
cmp #%00000000 ; Is reach Min $0000, No need Dec
beq No_Dec_Data32

deca
lsla
lsla
lsla
lsla

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 37
Software Design

sta Tx_Data_Temp ; Store higher nibble

lda Tx_Data32
and #%00001111 ; mask higher nibble
ora Tx_Data_Temp

sta Tx_Data32

No_Dec_Data32:
jsr Data32_To_Modes ; Check & update Data32 & Modes
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready
bset S34_KEY_ON,Key_Flag

Slip_S5:
End_S5:

jmp Tx_Frame
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
S6_Key: ; "Model Set" Key pressed (SET)
; Model Number cannot be change
; due to no LCD in KA2 demo

brclr 3,Tx_Data54,Model_Set

Model_Confirm:
bclr 3,Tx_Data54 ; Model Confrim (MODEL ON)
bra End_S6

Model_Set:
bset 3,Tx_Data54 ; Model Set (MODEL flash)

End_S6:

jmp Tx_Frame
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
S7_Key: ; Sleep Key pressed (OK)
brclr 7,Tx_Data10,Slip_S7 ; No action if S1=OFF

brset 3,Tx_Data32,Sleep_OFF ; Check ON/OFF? (1=ON)

; Here AC ON
lda Tx_Data10
and #%01110000 ; mask all bit except b6-4
cmp #%00010000 ; Check Cool mode (001)
beq Sleep_ON_Cool
cmp #%00100000 ; Check Humd mode (010)
beq Sleep_ON_Humd
cmp #%01000000 ; Check Heat mode (100)
beq Sleep_ON_Heat
bra Slip_S7 ; Slip if in others modes

Sleep_ON_Cool:
bset 3,Cool_Mode
bra Set_Data32

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

38 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

Sleep_ON_Humd:
bset 3,Humd_Mode
bra Set_Data32

Sleep_ON_Heat:
bset 3,Heat_Mode

Set_Data32:
bset 3,Tx_Data32 ; OFF -> ON
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready
bra End_S7

Sleep_OFF: ; Here AC OFF

lda Tx_Data10
and #%01110000 ; mask all bit except b6-4
cmp #%00010000 ; Check Cool mode (001)
beq Sleep_OFF_Cool
cmp #%00100000 ; Check Humd mode (010)
beq Sleep_OFF_Humd
cmp #%01000000 ; Check Heat mode (100)
beq Sleep_OFF_Heat
bra Slip_S7

Sleep_OFF_Cool:
bclr 3,Cool_Mode
bra Clr_Data32
Sleep_OFF_Humd:
bclr 3,Humd_Mode
bra Clr_Data32

Sleep_OFF_Heat:
bclr 3,Heat_Mode

Clr_Data32:
bclr 3,Tx_Data32 ; OFF -> ON
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready
bra End_S7

Slip_S7:
End_S7:

jmp Tx_Frame
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
S8_Key: ; Light Key pressed (M.WIND)
brset 1,Tx_Data10,Light_OFF ; Check ON/OFF? (1=ON)
bset 1,Tx_Data10 ; OFF -> ON
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready
bra End_S8

Light_OFF:
bclr 1,Tx_Data10 ; ON -> OFF
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 39
Software Design

End_S8:

jmp Tx_Frame
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
S9_Key: ; Swing Key pressed (A.M.WIND)
brclr 7,Tx_Data10,Slip_S9 ; No action if S1=OFF

; Here (S1=ON)
brset 2,Tx_Data32,Swing_OFF ; Check ON/OFF? (1=ON)
bset 2,Tx_Data32 ; OFF -> ON
bset 2,Auto_Mode
bset 2,Cool_Mode
bset 2,Humd_Mode
bset 2,Wind_Mode
bset 2,Heat_Mode
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready
bra End_S9

Swing_OFF:
bclr 2,Tx_Data32 ; ON -> OFF
bclr 2,Auto_Mode
bclr 2,Cool_Mode
bclr 2,Humd_Mode
bclr 2,Wind_Mode
bclr 2,Heat_Mode
bset TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; Tx ready

Slip_S9:
End_S9:

jmp Tx_Frame
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
; Update Data32 to Difference Modes (Auto mode check can be remove)
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
Data32_To_Modes:

lda Tx_Data10
and #%01110000
cmp #%00000000 ; Check Auto mode?
beq D32_2_Auto
cmp #%00010000 ; Check Cool mode?
beq D32_2_Cool
cmp #%00100000 ; Check Humd mode?
beq D32_2_Humd
cmp #%00110000 ; Check Wind mode?
beq D32_2_Wind
mov Tx_Data32,Heat_Mode ; It is Heat mode
rts
D32_2_Auto:
mov Tx_Data32,Auto_Mode
rts
D32_2_Cool:

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

40 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

mov Tx_Data32,Cool_Mode
rts
D32_2_Humd:
mov Tx_Data32,Humd_Mode
rts
D32_2_Wind:
mov Tx_Data32,Wind_Mode
rts

; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
; Frame Tx (need to check Tx_Ready flag)
;
; <Need to fine turn the timming of bit transmission>!!!!!!
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
Tx_Frame:

; --------------------------------------------------------- *
Tx_Header: ; Header Code Tx

; Here Bus = 2MHz, Timer clock = 128us, Instruction Cycle = 0.5us

; 26us 8us(ON)+14us(OFF) carrier freq.
mov #(MTIM_BUS_CLK|MTIM_DIV_256), MTIMCLK ; Change Timer resolution
mov #62, MTIMMOD ; OF period = 128*62=8.0mS
mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC ; Reset and Start Timer
HEADER_ON:
bset IR,PTAD ; IR ON [5]
bset IR,PTAD ; IR ON [5]
bset IR,PTAD ; IR ON [5]
nop ; [1]
; 16*.5 = 8us
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
nop ; [1]
brclr MTIMSC_TOF, MTIMSC, HEADER_ON;[5]
; 36*.5 = 18us

mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; mask interrupt and clear flag

HEADER_OFF:
mov #31, MTIMMOD ; OF period = 128*31=4mS
mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC ; Reset and Start Timer
wait

mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; mask interrupt and clear flag

mov #(MTIM_BUS_CLK|MTIM_DIV_64), MTIMCLK ; Reset Timer resolution

; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
; Tx Data from 2.0 - 9.3
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 41
Software Design

lda Tx_Data10

ldx #$08 ; [1us]

Tx_Loop_10:
lsra ; Right shift LSB to Carry flag [0.5us]
blo Data_N_10 ; [1.5us] jump if C=1
bsr Data_0 ; Send Data 0 [2us] if C=0
bra Tx_N_10_Next
Data_N_10:
bsr Data_1 ; Send Data 1 [2us] if C=1
Tx_N_10_Next:
dbnzx Tx_Loop_10 ; Transmit again if X>0 [2us]

; ----------------------------- *
lda Tx_Data32

ldx #$08 ; [1us]

Tx_Loop_32:
lsra ; Right shift LSB to Carry flag [0.5us]
blo Data_N_32 ; [1.5us] jump if C=1
bsr Data_0 ; Send Data 0 [2us] if C=0
bra Tx_N_32_Next
Data_N_32:
bsr Data_1 ; Send Data 1 [2us] if C=1
Tx_N_32_Next:
dbnzx Tx_Loop_32 ; Transmit again if X>0 [2us]

; ----------------------------- *
lda Tx_Data54

ldx #$08 ; [1us]

Tx_Loop_54:
lsra ; Right shift LSB to Carry flag [0.5us]
blo Data_N_54 ; [1.5us] jump if C=1
bsr Data_0 ; Send Data 0 [2us] if C=0
bra Tx_N_54_Next
Data_N_54:
bsr Data_1 ; Send Data 1 [2us] if C=1
Tx_N_54_Next:
dbnzx Tx_Loop_54 ; Transmit again if X>0 [2us]

; ----------------------------- *
lda Tx_CtmCode
ldx #$08 ; [1us]
Tx_Loop_76:
lsra ; Right shift LSB to Carry flag [0.5us]
blo Data_N_76 ; [1.5us] jump if C=1
bsr Data_0 ; Send Data 0 [2us] if C=0
bra Tx_N_76_Next
Data_N_76:
bsr Data_1 ; Send Data 1 [2us] if C=1
Tx_N_76_Next:
dbnzx Tx_Loop_76 ; Transmit again if X>0 [2us]

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

42 Freescale Semiconductor
 Transmitter Software Implementation

; ----------------------------- *
Tx_Stop: ; Stop bit Tx

bsr Data_1 ; Send Data_1 as stop bit !!!

bclr TX_READY,Tx_Flag ; clear TX_READY to avoid next Tx until other key

; pressed
clr Tx_Flag

; --------------------------------------------------------- *
Key_Released:

jsr Delay_1mS
brset KEY, PTAD, Key_Released

jmp KeyScanStart ; Repeat Key Scan

; --------------------------------------------------------- *

; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
; Tx Data "0" OR Data "1"
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
Data_0: ; 630us carrier + 560us No carrier

; Here Bus =2MHz, Timer clock = bus/64 = 32us, Instruction Cycle = 0.5us
; 26us 8us(ON)+14us(OFF) carrier freq.

mov #16, MTIMMOD ; OF period = 32*16=500us

mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC ; Reset and Start Timer
Data0_ON:
bset IR,PTAD ; IR ON [5]
bset IR,PTAD ; IR ON [5]
bset IR,PTAD ; IR ON [5]
nop ; [1]
; 16*.5 = 8us
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
nop ; [1]
brclr MTIMSC_TOF, MTIMSC, Data0_ON; [5]
; 36*.5 = 18us
mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; mask interrupt and clear flag

Data0_OFF:
mov #16, MTIMMOD ; OF period = 32*16=500us
mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC ; Reset and Start Timer
wait

mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; mask interrupt and clear flag

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 43
Software Design

rts ; [4us]
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
Data_1: ; 630us carrier + 1660us No carrier

; Here Bus =2MHz, Timer clock = bus/64 = 32us, Instruction Cycle = 0.5us
; 26us 8us(ON)+14us(OFF) carrier freq.
mov #16, MTIMMOD ; OF period = 32*16=500us
mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC ; Reset and Start Timer
Data1_ON:
bset IR,PTAD ; IR ON [5]
bset IR,PTAD ; IR ON [5]
bset IR,PTAD ; IR ON [5]
nop ; [1]
; 16*.5 = 8us
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
bclr IR,PTAD ; IR OFF [5]
nop ; [1]
brclr MTIMSC_TOF, MTIMSC, Data1_ON ;[5]
; 36*.5 = 18us
mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; mask interrupt and clear flag

Data1_OFF:
mov #47, MTIMMOD ; OF period = 32*47=1664us
mov #(mMTIMSC_TRST|mMTIMSC_TOIE), MTIMSC ; Reset and Start Timer
wait

mov #(mMTIMSC_TSTP|mMTIMSC_TRST), MTIMSC ; mask interrupt and clear flag

rts ; [4us]

;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
; Reset Vector
;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
org $3ffc
Security:
dc.b $FF
jmp main

Multi-Button IR Remote Control using the MC9RS08KA2, Rev. 0

44 Freescale Semiconductor
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DRM081
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