,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHG'HVLJQ5HVHDUFKDQG(GXFDWLRQ ±-XO\

,&$'5(  6LQJDSRUH

&UHDWLYLW\$ZDUHQHVVLQ(QJLQHHULQJ6FKRROVLQ$VLD

5LFDUGR6RVD DQG3RRQ.LQJ:DQJ

(QJLQHHULQJ3URGXFW'HYHORSPHQW6LQJDSRUH8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\DQG'HVLJQ
'RYHU'U6LQJDSRUH

&RUUHVSRQGLQJ$XWKRU¶V(PDLOULFDUGRBVRVD#VXWGHGXVJ


$UH $VLDQ HQJLQHHUV FUHDWLYH DQG LQQRYDWLYH" 7KLV LV D NH\ TXHVWLRQ DOEHLW IUDPHG LQ OLPLWHG WHUPV
9RJWHWDO 2QWKHRQHKDQGDZLGHSHUFHSWLRQIURPH[WHUQDOREVHUYHUVLVWKDWFHUWDLQFRQGLWLRQV
LQ$VLDKLQGHUFUHDWLYHSUDFWLFHV7KLVFDQEHLOOXVWUDWHGE\DUHPDUNPDGHE\6WHYH:R]QLDNFRIRXQGHU
RI$SSOHVLJQDOLQJWKDWFRPSDQLHVOLNH³$SSOHFRXOGQRWHPHUJHLQVRFLHWLHVOLNH6LQJDSRUHZKHUHµEDG
EHKDYLRULVQRWWROHUDWHG¶DQGSHRSOHDUHQRWWDXJKWWRWKLQNIRUWKHPVHOYHV´7KLVSHUFHSWLRQH[WHQGV
LQWRDFDGHPLFGLVFRXUVH /HHDQG/LP&KHQJ&RKHQ 2QWKHRWKHUKDQGEDUULHUV
WR FUHDWLYLW\ KDYH EHHQ LGHQWLILHG LQ HQJLQHHULQJ HGXFDWLRQ DW ODUJH .D]HURXQLDQ DQG )ROH\ 
6FKHUW]DQG*ROGEHUJ 6LQFHGHILQLWLRQVRIFUHDWLYLW\DQGLQQRYDWLRQDERXQGLWLVIDUIURPWULYLDO
WRTXHVWLRQWKHSUHVHQWDQGPRUHWRWKHSRLQWWKHIXWXUHSRWHQWLDORI$VLDQHQJLQHHULQJWREHUHFRJQLVHG
DVDVRXUFHRIFUHDWLYLW\DQGLQQRYDWLRQLQWHFKQRORJ\EXVLQHVVDQGGHVLJQ 9HUJDQWL 
7KLVSDSHUVHHNVWRFRQWULEXWHWRWKHRQJRLQJUHIOHFWLRQRIWKHUROHRIFUHDWLYLW\DQGLQQRYDWLRQLQWKH
HGXFDWLRQ RI IXWXUH HQJLQHHUV LQ $VLD 7KH DSSURDFK WDNHQ LQ WKLV VKRUW SDSHU LV FRQVWUDLQHG WR DQ
LQGLFDWRUWKH&UHDWLYLW\$ZDUHQHVV,QGH[RU&$,GHILQHGDVDUDWLRRIPHQWLRQVRIFUHDWLYLW\FRPSDUHG
WRRWKHUUHOHYDQWWHUPVRILQWHUHVW7KLVLQGH[FDQEHHVWLPDWHGE\DQDO\VLQJPXOWLSOHGDWDVRXUFHVDQG
ZLWKDYDULHW\RIWHFKQLTXHVWKRXJKFRQFHSWXDOO\LWVLPSO\SURYLGHVDJOLPSVHDWKRZDWDUJHWJURXS
DGGUHVVHVFUHDWLYLW\DVDWRSLFRILQWHUHVW(YLGHQWO\&$,LVDOLPLWHGLQGLFDWRU 0HDGRZV  DQG
FODLPVVKRXOGEHIUDPHGDFFRUGLQJO\1RQHWKHOHVVWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIDWHUPLQODUJHGDWDEDVHVFDQDLG
RXUUHDVRQLQJE\FRQILUPLQJRUUHYHDOLQJSDWWHUQVRILQWHUHVW7DNHIRUH[DPSOHWKHIROORZLQJVHDUFKHV
LQ*RRJOH7UHQGZKHUHRQHFDQDQDO\VHWKHODVWWHQ\HDUVRI*RRJOHVHDUFKHVXQVXUSULVLQJO\WKHWHUPV
GLHWDQGJ\PEHKDYHVLPLODUO\SHDNLQJLQ-DQXDU\RIHYHU\\HDUDQGJUDGXDOO\GHFUHDVHWRWKHLUORZHVW
YDOXHVLQ'HFHPEHUDVVHHQLQ)LJXUH


)LJXUH*RRJOH7UHQGVLOOXVWUDWHZHOONQRZQEHKDYLRXUVVXFKDVWKHJOREDOSUDFWLFHRI1HZ
<HDUUHVROXWLRQV
7KLVSDSHUDSSOLHVDVLPSOHYHUVLRQRI&$,WRWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHRQOLQHSRUWDOVRIWKHWRSXQLYHUVLWLHV
IRFXVLQJRQWKHFDWHJRU\³(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\´DQGSDUWLFXODUO\WKHWRSUDQNHGLQ$VLD$VD
K\SRWKHVHVEDVHGRQRQJRLQJSHUFHSWLRQVDQGVWXGLHVVXFKDVWKRVHFLWHGDERYHRQHPD\UHDVRQDEO\

Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Design Research and Education (ICADRE14)
Copyright © 2014 ICADRE 2014 Organizers. All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-981-09-1348-9
doi:10.3850/978-981-09-1348-9 023 140
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHG'HVLJQ5HVHDUFKDQG(GXFDWLRQ ±-XO\
,&$'5(  6LQJDSRUH

H[SHFWWKDW&$,ZRXOGEHORZLQHQJLQHHULQJVFKRROVLQ$VLDSDUWLFXODUO\LQFRPSDULVRQWRWKHOLVWRI
WRSWHFKQLFDOXQLYHUVLWLHVZRUOGZLGH:HGHFLGHGWRDQDO\VHWKUHHOLVWVXVLQJWKH46:RUOG8QLYHUVLW\
5DQNLQJV 46 OLVWLQFOXGHVWKHWRSHQWULHVLQWKH³:RUOG8QLYHUVLWLHVIRU(QJLQHULQJDQG
7HFKQRORJ\´OLVWJURXSVWKHWRSLQWKH³8QLYHUVLW\5DQNLQJV$VLD´DQGOLVWWKHWRSLQWKH
³8QLYHUVLWLHVLQ$VLDIRU(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\´,QWKLVSDSHU&$,LVFDOFXODWHGKHUHDV‫ ܫܣܥ‬ൌ
ܿ Τȭሼ݇ଵ ǥ ݇ହ ሽZKHUHFLVWKHQXPEHURIRFFXUUHQFHVRUKLWVRIWKHWHUPµFUHDWLYLW\¶DQGHDFKNUHSUHVHQWV
WKHRFFXUUHQFHIRUHDFKRIWKHIROORZLQJNH\ZRUGVµLQQRYDWLRQ¶µWHFKQRORJ\¶µVFLHQFH¶µHQJLQHHULQJ¶
DQG µGHVLJQ¶ 7KH WHUP µLQQRYDWLRQ¶ LV FKRVHQ GXH WR LWV UHODWLRQ WR FUHDWLYLW\ EXW DUJXDEO\ PRUH
SUHYDOHQW LQ HQJLQHHULQJ SDUODQFH 7KH WHUPV µWHFKQRORJ\¶ µVFLHQFH¶ DQG µHQJLQHHULQJ¶ DUH XVHG DV
FRQWURO WHUPV WR DVVHVV WKH LQWHUQDO YDOLGLW\ RI WKH VHDUFK )LQDOO\ µGHVLJQ¶ LV FKRVHQ WR DVVHVV LWV
SUHVHQFH LQ HQJLQHHULQJ HGXFDWLRQ 7DEOH  VKRZV WKH XQLYHUVLWLHV LQ WKH WKUHH OLVWV DQG 7DEOH  WKH
UHVXOWVRI&$,DQGWKHUHIHUHQFHNH\ZRUGVXVHGWRHVWLPDWHLW

7DEOH8QLYHUVLWLHVLQWKHWKUHHOLVWVXVHGLQWKLVVWXG\
*OREDO7RS(QJLQHHULQJ6FKRROV $VLD7RS8QLYHUVLWLHV $VLD7RS(QJLQHHULQJ6FKRROV
0DVVDFKXVHWWV,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\ 7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI7RN\R-DSDQ 7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI7RN\R-DSDQ

6WDQIRUG8QLYHUVLW\ 1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\RI6LQJDSRUH 1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\RI6LQJDSRUH

8QLYHUVLW\RI&DPEULGJH 7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI+RQJ.RQJ 7VLQJKXD8QLYHUVLW\&KLQD
8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD%HUNHOH\ 3HNLQJ8QLYHUVLW\&KLQD 7RN\R,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\-DSDQ
(7+=XULFK 3RKDQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG .\RWR8QLYHUVLW\-DSDQ
7HFKQRORJ\ 3RVWHFK 6RXWK.RUHD
,PSHULDO&ROOHJH/RQGRQ 7VLQJKXD8QLYHUVLW\&KLQD .RUHD$GYDQFHG,QVWLWXWHRI6FLHQFH
DQG7HFKQRORJ\6RXWK.RUHD
1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\RI6LQJDSRUH .\RWR8QLYHUVLW\-DSDQ 1DQ\DQJ7HFKQRORJLFDO8QLYHUVLW\
6LQJDSRUH
(FROH3RO\WHFKQLTXH)pGpUDOHGH 6HRXO1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\5HSXEOLFRI +RQJ.RQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG
/DXVDQQH .RUHD 7HFKQRORJ\
8QLYHUVLW\RI2[IRUG +RQJ.RQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG -LDR7RQJ8QLYHUVLW\&KLQD
7HFKQRORJ\
&DOLIRUQLD,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\ .RUHD$GYDQFHG,QVWLWXWHRI6FLHQFH 6HRXO1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\6RXWK.RUHD
DQG7HFKQRORJ\6RXWK.RUHD

7DEOH&$,DQGVFRUHVIURPUHIHUHQFHNH\ZRUGVE\OLVW
 &$, ,1129 7(&+ 6&, (1* '(6
/LVW      
/LVW      
/LVW      

$V VHHQ LQ 7DEOH  &$, LV WKH ORZHVW LQGLFDWRU LQ DOO WKUHH OLVWV ±E\ RQH RUGHU RI PDJQLWXGH 7KLV
FRQILUPV WKH FRQFHUQH[SUHVVHG E\ H[SHUWV LQUHJDUGVWRWKH ODFN RIDZDUHQHVVDQG XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI
FUHDWLYLW\ LQ HQJLQHHULQJ .D]HURXQLDQ DQG )ROH\  6FKHUW] DQG *ROGEHUJ   +RZHYHU
FRQWUDU\WRZKDWPD\EHH[SHFWHGWKLVVWXG\VXJJHVWVWKDWVXEVWDQWLDOO\KLJKHUDZDUHQHVVH[LVWVLQ$VLDQ
XQLYHUVLWLHV FRPSDUHG WR WKHLU JOREDO FRXQWHUSDUWV 7KLV LV DOVR REVHUYHG ZLWK WKH WHUP µLQQRYDWLRQ¶
ZLWKKLJKRFFXUUHQFHLQ$VLDQXQLYHUVLWLHV7KHUHDVRQLQJWKDWWKHODFNRIH[SOLFLWPHQWLRQVRIWKHVH
WHUPVLQJOREDOXQLYHUVLWLHVLVGXHWRWKHVHYDOXHVEHLQJWDNHQIRUJUDQWHGLVLQFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKHFRQWURO
WHUPV µWHFKQRORJ\¶µVFLHQFH¶DQGµHQJLQHHULQJ¶ VLQFH VXFKWHUPV ZRXOG EH HYHQ PRUH REYLRXV LQ
WUDGLWLRQDO KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ GLVFRXUVH 2XU SUHOLPLQDU\ FODLP EDVHG RQ WKLV RYHUYLHZ LV WKDW KLJKHU
H[SOLFLW DZDUHQHVV H[LVWV DERXW FUHDWLYLW\ DQG LQQRYDWLRQ LQ $VLDQ XQLYHUVLWLHV 7KH WHUP µGHVLJQ¶ LV
GHFLGHO\OHVVSUHYDOHQWLQ$VLDQWKDQLQJOREDOXQLYHUVLWLHV

141
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHG'HVLJQ5HVHDUFKDQG(GXFDWLRQ ±-XO\
,&$'5(  6LQJDSRUH

7R FRPSOHPHQW WKLV SHUVSHFWLYH ZH ORRN FORVHU DW WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ XQGHUJUDGXDWH HQJLQHHULQJ
SURJUDPVLQWKHXQLYHUVLWLHVZLWKWKHKLJKHVW&$,VFRUHVLQOLVWVDQG7DEOHVKRZVH[FHUSWVWDNHQ
IURPWKHVHXQLYHUVLWLHVZKHUHWKHWHUPµFUHDWLYLW\¶LVPHQWLRQHG
7DEOH([FHUSWVUHODWHGWRFUHDWLYLW\IURP,QVWLWXWLRQVZLWKKLJKHVW&$,

([FHUSW 8QLYHUVLW\DQGUHIHUHQFH 85/ 

³7KH DLP RI RXU FRXUVH LV WR SURYLGH \RX ZLWK DOO WKH 8QLYHUVLW\RI&DPEULGJH
DQDO\WLFDOGHVLJQDQGFRPSXWLQJVNLOOVWKDWXQGHUSLQPRGHUQ KWWSZZZHQJFDPDFXNDGPLVVLR
HQJLQHHULQJ SUDFWLFH ZKLOH HQFRXUDJLQJ WKH FUHDWLYLW\ DQG QV
SUREOHPVROYLQJ VNLOOV WKDW DUH VR LPSRUWDQW WR D JRRG
HQJLQHHU´
³:H EHOLHYH WKDW HQJLQHHULQJ KDV WKH SRZHU WR VROYH WKH 8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD%HUNHOH\
ZRUOG¶V PRVW SUHVVLQJ SUREOHPV DQG ZH DUH GHGLFDWHG WR KWWSFRHEHUNHOH\HGXVWXGHQWVSURV
SUHSDULQJ RXU VWXGHQWV WR PHHW WRGD\¶V FKDOOHQJHV ZLWK SHFWLYHVWXGHQWV
FUHDWLYLW\DQGLQQRYDWLRQ´
³$OOWKHHQJLQHHULQJGHSDUWPHQWVVHWYHU\KLJKDLPVIRURXU ,PSHULDO&ROOHJH/RQGRQ
XQGHUJUDGXDWH DQG SRVWJUDGXDWH WHDFKLQJ 2XU JRDO LV WR KWWSZZZLPSHULDODFXNHQJLQHHU
VKDSH \RXU SURIHVVLRQDO IXWXUH DV HQJLQHHUV WR EH FUHDWLYH LQJSURVSHFWLYHKRPHSURVSHFWV
DQGLQQRYDWLYHDQGWRH[FHOLQ\RXUFKRVHQILHOG´
³>2XU@ FXUULFXOXP «  VHHNV WR IRVWHULQGLYLGXDOV ZKR DUH .\RWR8QLYHUVLW\.\RWR8QLYHUVLW\
FDSDEOHRIFUHDWLYHO\EOD]LQJQHZWUDLOVLQWKHZRUOG)RUWKLV KWWSZZZWN\RWR
SXUSRVHHDFKGHSDUWPHQWHPSKDVL]HVIXQGDPHQWDOVXEMHFWV XDFMSHQHGXFDWLRQIDFXOW\FXUULFXO
LQRUGHUWRFXOWLYDWHVWXGHQWV DELOLW\WRWKLQNH[SDQVLYHO\DQG XPLQGH[KWPO
SXWLGHDVLQWRSUDFWLFH´

'HDQ V 0HVVDJH ³7KH (QJLQHHULQJ GLVFLSOLQH SULGHV LWVHOI +RQJ .RQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 6FLHQFH
IRU LQQRYDWLRQ DQG FUHDWLYLW\ LQ SURYLGLQJ VROXWLRQ IRU RXU DQG7HFKQRORJ\
LQGXVWULHVDQGWKHEHWWHUPHQWRIWKHVRFLHW\´ KWWSZZZVHQJXVWKNZHEHQJVXE
FDWSKS"FDWLG  VXELG 
³3URIHVVRU=KDQJ>8QLYHUVLW\3UHVLGHQW@DGYRFDWHVDQHWKRV 6KDQJKDL-LDR7RQJ8QLYHUVLW\
WKDW ³SXUVXHV NQRZOHGJH DQG UHVSHFWV VFKRODUV´ +H DOVR KWWSHQVMWXHGXFQDERXW
DGYRFDWHV D PRGHO RI QXUWXULQJ FUHDWLYLW\ WKDW LV ³VWXGHQW VMWXDGPLQLVWUDWLRQ]KDQJMLH
RULHQWHG LQWHJUDWHV WKH FXUULFXODU ZLWK WKH H[WUDFXUULFXODU
VSKHUHVWKHVFLHQFHVZLWKWKHKXPDQLWLHVDQGWHDFKLQJZLWK
UHVHDUFK´´

:KLOHLWLVGLIILFXOWWRGUDZFRQFOXVLRQVIURPWKLVDSSURDFKWKHVWXG\GHVFULEHGKHUHSURYLGHVHYLGHQFH
WKDWFUHDWLYLW\KDVEHHQLQWHJUDWHGWRWKHGLVFRXUVHRIWKHEHVWHQJLQHHULQJVFKRROVLQ$VLD$V &KHQJ
 LQGLFDWHVWKHUHDUHODUJHJDSVEHWZHHQLQWHQWLRQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQZKHQGHILQLQJWKHFXUULFXOD
DQGV\OODELLQXQLYHUVLWLHV1RQHWKHOHVVZHKRSHWRFRQWULEXWHWRDFKDQJHRIWKHH[WHUQDOSHUFHSWLRQRI
HQJLQHHULQJHGXFDWLRQLQ$VLDDQGWRGUDZDWWHQWLRQWRWKHIXWXUHRIFUHDWLYHHQJLQHHULQJ

5HIHUHQFHV
 /HH 7  /LP '   7KH HFRQRPLFV DQG SROLWLFV RI FUHDWLYLW\ LQ 6LQJDSRUH $XVWUDOLDQ
-RXUQDORI&RPPXQLFDWLRQ  
 &KHQJ 9 0   3URJUHVV IURP WUDGLWLRQDO WR FUHDWLYLW\ HGXFDWLRQ LQ &KLQHVH VRFLHWLHV
&UHDWLYLW\:KHQHDVWPHHWVZHVW
 &RKHQ'  6LQJDSRUHZDQWVLWVXQLYHUVLWLHVWRHQFRXUDJHPRUHFUHDWLYLW\7KH&KURQLFOHRI
+LJKHU(GXFDWLRQ$

142
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHG'HVLJQ5HVHDUFKDQG(GXFDWLRQ ±-XO\
,&$'5(  6LQJDSRUH

 .D]HURXQLDQ. )ROH\6  %DUULHUVWRFUHDWLYLW\LQHQJLQHHULQJHGXFDWLRQ$VWXG\RI

LQVWUXFWRUVDQGVWXGHQWVSHUFHSWLRQV-RXUQDORI0HFKDQLFDO'HVLJQ  
 6FKHUW]%.*ROGEHUJ'( +\PDQ.. $SULO (QJLQHHULQJHGXFDWLRQUHIRUPLQD
ODUJHUHVHDUFKXQLYHUVLW\6WUDWHJLHVDQGUHIOHFWLRQVRQLQQRYDWLRQ ,Q7UDQVIRUPLQJ(QJLQHHULQJ
(GXFDWLRQ&UHDWLQJ,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\6NLOOVIRU&RPSOH[*OREDO(QYLURQPHQWV,((( SS
 ,(((
 9RJW((%URZQ- ,VDDFV'  7KH$UWRI3RZHUIXO4XHVWLRQV&DWDO\]LQJ,QVLJKW
,QQRYDWLRQDQG$FWLRQ:DOWKDP0$
 9HUJDQWL 5   'HVLJQ GULYHQ LQQRYDWLRQ %RVWRQ 0$ 86 +DUYDUG %XVLQHVV 6FKRRO
3XEOLVKLQJ&RUSRUDWLRQ
 0HDGRZV'+  ,QGLFDWRUVDQGLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPVIRUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW+DUWODQG
6XVWDLQDELOLW\,QVWLWXWH
 46   4XDFTXDUHOOL 6\PRQGV ,QWHOOLJHQFH 8QLW 8QLYHUVLW\ 5DQNLQJV
KWWSZZZLXTVFRPXQLYHUVLW\UDQNLQJVUDQNLQJVLQGLFDWRUV

143