LYCEUM OF CAMALANIUGAN, INC

SCIENCE LABORATORY
HANDBOOK
2024

PVMGO
PHILOSOPHY
We affirm that our institution is centered and inspired to the teaching of Jesus
Christ. Its development enhances our determination to spread the gospel, our
devotion to Jesus Christ, and our desire to influence others and society.
VISION
We, the Lyceum of Camalaniugan aspire a fullness of education among students,
embodying the teachings of Christ through communion, participation and
mission, and adhering a society mature in faith and values.

MISSION
The Lyceum of Camalaniugan exists to deepen the holistic development of
students through the richness of Catholic education by fostering spiritual values
and a strong sense of faith in a culturally diverse and dynamic society.

GOAL

1. To foster intellectual competence, moral conviction, professional and civic

preparedness that will enable them to live meaningful and productive lives
in a pluralistic society, and to contribute to the building of the body of
Christ.
2. To instill them a sense of discipline wholesome in its approach, personal in
its concern and ideal in its objectives, productive, and entrepreneurial skills,
a work of ethics, and occupational knowledge essential both for making an
intelligent choice.
3. To guide and heighten student’s abilities, life-oriented curricular activities
that give emphasis on the values of life: piety, human dignity, justice,
peace, love solidarity and honesty.

OBJECTIVE

1. Scientia et Virtues to bring the saving truth of the gospel to the learners and
citizen and to lead them to mature participation in the life of the church.
2. To develop in the students the skill in higher intellectual operations, widen
comprehension necessary for involvement in the task of national
development, through instruction and training.
3. To provide the environment for holistic growth and perfection of the person
in all aspects.
 LABORATORY SAFETY GUIDELINES
YOU KNOW hazards.
YOU KNOW the worst things that could happen.
YOU KNOW what to do and how to do it if they should happen.
YOU KNOW and use the prudent practices, protective facilities, and protective
equipment needed to minimize the risks.

The Laboratory Safety offers these suggestions for improving laboratory safety.
Understanding inherent hazards and learning how to be safe should be an integral
and important part of science education, work, and life.

STEPS REQUIRING MINIMAL/ EXPENSE

1. Have a written health, safety and environmental affairs policy statement.
2. Organize a committee of employees, management, faculty, staff and
students which will meet regularly to discuss issues,
3. Develop an orientation for all new employees and students.
4. Encourage employees and students to care about their health and safety and
that of others.
5. Involve every employee and student in some aspect of the safety program
and give each specific responsibility.
6. Provide incentives to employees and students for safety performance.
7. Require all employees to read the appropriate safety manual. Require
students to read the institutions laboratory safety rules. Have both groups
sign a statement that they have done so, understand the contents, and agree
to follow the procedures and practices. Keep these statements on file in the
department office,
8. Conduct periodic, unannounced laboratory inspections to identify and
correct hazardous conditions and unsafe practices. Involve students and
employees in simulated OSHA inspections.
9. Make learning how to be safe an integral and important part of science
education, your work, and your life.
10. Schedule regular departmental safety meetings for all students and
employees to discuss the results of inspections and aspects of laboratory
safety.
11. Require every prelab/pre-experiment discussion to include
consideration of the health and safety aspects.
12. Forbid working alone in any laboratory and working without prior
knowledge of a staff member.
13. Don't allow experiments to run unattended unless they are failsafe.
 14. When conducting experiments with hazards or potential hazards, ask
yourself these questions—
15. What are the hazards?
16. What are the worst possible things that could go wrong?
17. How will I deal with them?
18. What are the prudent practices, protective facilities and equipment
necessary to minimize the risk of exposure to the hazards?
19. Require that all accidents (incidents) be reported, evaluated by the
safety committee, and discussed at safety meetings.
20. Extend the safety program beyond the laboratory to the automobile
and the home,
21. Allow only minimum amounts of flammable liquids in each
laboratory.
22. Forbid smoking, eating and drinking in the laboratory.
23. Do not allow food to be stored in science laboratory.
24. Develop plans and conduct drills for dealing with emergencies such
as fire, explosion, poisoning, chemical spill or vapor releaser electric shock,
bleeding and personal contamination.
25. Display the phone numbers of the fire department, police department,
and local ambulance either on or immediately next to every phone.
26. Store acids and bases separately. Store fuels and oxidizers separately.
27. Maintain a chemical inventory to avoid purchasing unnecessary
quantities of chemicals,
28. Use warning signs to designate particular hazards.
29. Require good housekeeping practices in all work areas.
30. Develop specific work practices for individual experiments, such as
those that should be conducted only in a ventilated hood or involve
particularly hazardous chemicals. When possible, most hazardous
experiments should be done in a hood.

STEPS REQUIRING MODERATE EXPENSE

1. Allocate a portion of the departmental budget to safety.
2. Require the use of appropriate eye protection at all times—in a laboratories
and areas where chemicals are transported.
3. Provide adequate supplies of personal protective equipment—safety
glasses, goggles, face shields, gloves, lab coats, and bench top shields.
4. Provide fire extinguishers, safety showers, eyewash fountains first aid kits,
fire blankets and fume hoods in each laboratory and test or check monthly.
5. Provide guards on all vacuum pumps and secure all compressed gas
cylinders.
 6. Provide an appropriate supply of first aid equipment and instruction on its
proper use.
7. Remove all electrical connections from inside chemical refrigerators and
require magnetic closures.
8. Require grounded plugs on all electrical equipment and install ground fault
interrupters where appropriate.
9. Label all chemicals to show the name of the material the nature and degree
of hazard, the appropriate precautions, and the name of the person
responsible for the container.
10. Develop a program for dating stored chemicals and for re-certifying
or discarding them after predetermined maximum periods of storage.
11. Develop a system for the legal, safe and ecologically acceptable
disposal of chemical wastes.
12. Provide fireproof cabinets for storage of flammable chemicals.
13. Provide secure, adequately spaced, well-ventilated storage of
chemicals

LABORATORY TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY

Managing a laboratory requires the teacher to develop a system suited to school
conditions, administrative policies, class size, etc. The system must incorporate
safety rules to be followed by students in the laboratory. It must also include
procurement procedures and assignment of tasks and responsibilities.

Teachers are expected to have knowledge of the safety, hazards, and required
storage conditions for equipment and chemicals. They are also expected to cope
with chemical disposal problems met in the classroom.

Fig. 1. Common Laboratory Glassware and Tools

 LABORATORY SAFETY RULES

Accidents in a science laboratory can be minimized, if not completely avoided,

when students consciously observe safety rules.

a. Eye Protection: All students must wear safety goggles or Industrial quality
safety spectacles in laboratories, where chemical work is done.
b. Warning Signs: "No smoking", "Caution-Radiation Area" or other warning
signs must be strictly obeyed.
c. Horseplay: Horseplay and practical joking of any kind is strictly forbidden.

d. Labelling Cylinders: AU containers of chemicals must be clearly labelled

showing the name of the chemical, date, owner's name, and safety
precaution if hazardous,

e. Securing Compressed Gas Cylinders: Compressed gas cylinders must be

secured with a strap or chain at all times.
f. Working Alone: No one should perform experimental work in a chemical
laboratory unless a second person is present or located within calling
distance.
g. Work Authorization: Unauthorized experiments are forbidden. Before any
experiment is performed in an instructional laboratory, approval must be
given by the instructor in-charge. Experimental work in research
laboratories must be a part of the program approved by the research
director.
h. Radiation Hazards: Experimental work with radioactive materials or
equipment generating ionizing radiation is strictly forbidden.
i. Reporting Accidents and Fires: All accidents resulting in injury, property
damage, or fire must be reported promptly to the appropriate authority.

SAFETY HABITS
Several habits related to laying the foundation for a safe laboratory become
obvious through working with the uninitiated student. These include the
following:
a. Wearing safety glasses, aprons, and protective sleeves should become
habitual to students working in the chemical laboratory.
b. Careful reading of reagent bottle labels, there is a great difference indeed
between potassium chloride and potassium chlorate; between mercurous
chloride and mercuric chloride; between manganese and magnesium.
 c. Long sleeves should be rolled above the wrists as a definite safety habit.
d. Talking is permitted if control and restraint are practiced,
e. Studying the PURPOSE of an experiment becomes one of the most
important steps of beginning chemistry laboratory practice.
f. It should be emphasized that test tubes or any pieces of equipment which
have a potential for expelling a gas or liquid should be pointed away from
the group partner or fellow worker.
g. Students should instinctively check all glassware for cracks prior to use.
h. Glassware of all types should be placed at the back of the laboratory bench
to prevent falling and unnecessary breakage.
i. When it becomes necessary to carry tong pieces of glass tubing, the student
should be instructed to hold it vertically when walking through the
laboratory.
j. All injuries, regardless of how minor, should be reported to the instructor
immediately.
k. In all cases of diluting acids, the acid should always be added to the water.
The teaching of this phase of safety as a habit rather than a "diluting
technique" becomes apparent to the experienced teacher.
l. The laboratory hood should be used whenever there is a question of toxicity
of a by-product gas or when poisonous or, toxic gases are used as a part of
an experiment e.g. H2S, HCN.
m.Drains should be thoroughly flushed after spilling out reagents.
n. Good housekeeping is imperative in the chemistry laboratory, and the use
of a floor crock or plastic pail for broken glassware and other disposable
items should be emphasized - in the case of alkali metal scrap a kerosene-
filled bottle should be available, for storage or disposal of the material.

LABORATORY SAFETY

When working in laboratories, there is always a risk that an experiment

may go wrong. Most often, laboratory work exposes you to experiments invoking
fire and chemicals that may become hazardous if handled without careful and
proper preparation.

Be guided by these steps to ensure that learning in the laboratory will always be
fun and safe.

OBJECTIVES
1. Know safe and proper behaviour in laboratories.
2. Understand the potential danger in conducting experiments.
 3. Prepare for emergency situations that may occur,

Life skill
 Knowledge and ethics can make science work for us and not against us.

Plan your work

Before you conduct any experiment, ask yourself the following questions:
1. What are the possible dangers of this experiment?
2. What are the potential hazards of the materials that I will be using (such
as corrosive properties, chemical reactions, flammability and toxicity)?
3. What else can possibly go wrong?
4. Am I prepared to deal with the things that could go wrong?
5. What are the good practices, protective facilities and equipment / need in
case of on emergency or to minimize exposure to the possible hazards?

Always read specific information and orient yourself with each of the chemicals
you are about to work on so you know what to expect.

BEFORE CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT

Familiarize yourself with the rules and regulations when using the laboratory.
Above all, orient yourself with the properties of the chemicals to be used
particularly their hazards. Once you know what experiments to perform and the
chemicals involved, check equipment.

 Are you wearing the right attire? Chemically resistant gown/apron gloves
and goggles are designed for your protection and safety.
 Are you comfortable with what you're wearing? Clothes should not restrict
movement. Shoes that are high-heeled, open-toed or made of woven
materials may make you trip or fall during the experiment.
 Are you protected? Don't wear shorts or miniskirts. The idea here is to
always keep every part of your body protected, including your legs.
 Is your field of vision OK? Your hair should not cover your face or block
your sight. Above all, it shouldn't get in the way of actual experiments. Tie-
up long hair and put loose clothing under lab gown.
 Have you inspected the work area? Make sure it is clean and free from any
mess that may result to accidents. The floor should be free from
obstruction. Keep doors and laboratory passageways clear.
 Have you checked electrical equipment and cords for tattered wiring and
minor defects?
 Have you inspected the equipment or apparatus for any damages?
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Every laboratory should have a First Aid kit. It helps also to know emergency
procedures. Make sure you take note of the following:
 Location of the wash area.
 Exit points and procedures in case of an emergency.

In case of fire, call the attention of your classmates and instructor and leave the
room. Don't endanger yourself by trying to save a piece of equipment or prevent
damage to the building. Get out as fast as you can. The last person to leave
should close the door to prevent fire and smoke from spreading.

WHILE CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT

 It is important to keep yourself safe in the laboratory. Strictly observe the
following safety procedures:
 Always keep your eyes protected, especially if you need to observe an
experiment at a close distance. Wear chemical goggles.
 Pour liquids carefully to prevent skin contact and spills. Quickly clean up
any spills.
 Absolutely no eating inside the laboratory.
 As much as possible, wear gloves when handling chemicals. Remember:
Latex gloves are not compatible with most chemicals; Nitrite gloves
offer better protection. Ask your instructor about available gloves.
 Don't work alone. At least two people must be present.
 The laboratory must have adequate ventilation and air circulation.
 Never use a mouth suction to fill a pipette. Use a pipette bulb or other
pipette-filling devices.
 Don't just throw away chemicals down the drain. Ask your instructor about
proper chemical disposal and apparatus cleaning procedures.
 Report any accident, no matter how smaller to your instructor.
 Keep a safe distance from other students who are conducting an
experiment, pay attention to how your classmates handle materials and
equipment because someone else's mistake can hurt you.
 The laboratory is not a playground so don't engage in horseplay, pranks or
other acts of mischief, while experiments are fun and highly interesting,
they should be taken seriously. Always act responsibly.

AFTER THE EXPERIMENT

 Shut Down. Turn off electrical switches and gas valves used for the
experiment. Cover all containers properly.
 Clean equipment. Glassware and apparatus should be washed or cleaned
immediately after use. Ask your instructor about proper cleaning, washing
and rinsing procedures for specific glassware.
 Store equipment- Never leave used glassware on the table top.
 Store them in their proper places such as shelves or racks.
 Use a tray. It is advised that you use a tray to collect apparatus or glassware
prior to cleaning. This practical tip reduces the risk of accidents resulting
from direct handling.
 Check labels. All containers should be kept clean and clearly labelled to
reduce chances of using the wrong equipment or substance.
 Wipe the counter. The laboratory table top should be wiped and
decontaminated with soap and detergents.
 Wash hands. Always wash your hands after conducting experiments,
especially before eating. The soap and detergent you use should be for hand
washing. Don't use the same cleaning substances used for washing
equipment because they may be contaminated with chemicals.
 Ask permission. Before you leave, inform your instructor so he or she can
inspect the laboratory room.