Grade 10 ADD Math

10/12/23 Review Worksheet 4 – Logarithmic & Exponential Functions

1) Variables V and t are related by the equation V = 1000 e − kt . where k is a constant. Given
that V = 500 when t = 21, find

(a) the value of k , [2]

(b) the value of V when t = 30. [2]
2)

(a) Express log x 2 in terms of a logarithm to base 2. [1]

(b) Using the result of part (i), and the substitution u = log 2 x, find the values of x which
satisfy the equation log 2 x = 3 − 2 log x 2. [4]
 p
3) It is given that lg p 3 q = 10 a and lg  2  = a .
q 
(a) Find, in terms of a, expressions for lg p and lg q . [5]
(b) Find the value of log p q. [1]
4)
(a)
(i) Sketch the graph of y = e x − 5 on the axes below, showing the exact coordinates of
any points where the graph meets the coordinate axes. [3]

(ii) Find the range of values of k for which the equation e x − 5 = k has no solutions. [1]
1
(b) Simplify log a 2 + log a 8 + log a   , giving your answer in the form p log a 2, where
2
p is a constant. [2]
(c) Solve the equation log3 x − log 9 4 x = 1. [4]
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5) Solve log 5 x + log 25 x = 3. [3]

6)

(a)

(i) State the value of u for which lg u = 0. [1]

(ii) Hence solve lg 2 x + 3 = 0. [2]

(b) Express 2 log 3 15 − ( log a 5 )( log 3 a ) , where a  1, as a single logarithm to base 3. [4]

7) Using the substitution u = log3 x, solve, for x, the equation log3 x − 12log x 3 = 4. [5]

8)

(a) Write log 27 x as a logarithm to base 3. [2]

(b) Given that log a y = 3 ( log a 15 − log a 3) + 1, express y in terms of a. [3]

9) On the axes below, sketch the graph of y = e− x + 3, stating the coordinates of any point of
intersection with the coordinate axes. [3]

10) Solve log a 2 y 2 + log a 8 + log a 16 y − log a 64 y = 2log a 4.

[4]

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11) Do not use a calculator in this question.

(i) Find the value of − log p p 2 . [1]

 1 
(ii) Find lg  n 
. [1]
 10 

lg 20 − lg 4
= ( lg y ) , where y is a constant to be found.
2
(iii) Show that [2]
log 5 10

(iv) Solve log r 2 x + log r 3x = log r 600. [2]

12)

( ) ( )
(a) The graph of curve y = p 42 x − q 4 x passes through the points (0, 2) and (0.5, 14).
Find the value of p and of q. [3]

( )
(b) The variable x and y are connected by the equation y = 102 x − 2 10 x . Using the
substitution u = 10 x , or otherwise, find the exact value of x when y = 24. [3]

(c) Solve log 2 ( x + 1) − log 2 x = 3. [3]

13) Solve the following simultaneous equations.

log 2 ( x + 3) = 2 + log 2 y
log 2 ( x + y ) = 3

[5]

14) The number of bacteria B in a culture, t days after the first observation, is given by

B = 500 + 400e0.2t .
(i) Find the initial number present. [1]

(ii) Find the number present after 10 days. [1]

(iii) Find the rate at which the bacteria are increasing after 10 days. [2]

(iv) Find the value of t when B = 10 000. [3]

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15) The profit $P made by a company in its nth year is modelled by

P = 1000ea n + b .
In the first year the company made $2000 profit.

(i) Show that a + b = ln 2. [1]

In the second year the company made $3297 profit.

(ii) Find another linear equation connecting a and b. [2]

(iii) Solve the two equations form parts (i) and (ii) to find the value of a and of b. [2]

(iv) Using your values for a and b, find the profit in the 10th year. [2]

16) Solve the following equation.

2
log 2 ( 29 x − 15 ) = 3 +
log x 2

[5]

17)

(a) Solve 2 ( 5 ) + 5 − 1 = 0.
2z z
[4]

 x + 10 
(b) Solve the equation 2 lg x − lg   = 1. [5]
 2 

(c) Solve the equation e3 x = 6e x . [3]

18) By using the substitution y = log 3 x, or otherwise, find the values of x for which
3 ( log 3 x ) + log 3 x 5 − log 3 9 = 0.
2
[6]

19)

5
(i) Given that log9 xy = , show that log3 x + log3 y = 5. [3]
2
(ii) Hence solve the equations

5
log 9 xy = ,
2 [5]
log 3 x  log 3 y = −6.

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20)

( )
(a) The graph of y = k 3x + c passes through the points (0, 14) and ( −2, 6 ) . Find the
value of k and of c. [3]

(b) The variables x and y are connected by the equaion y = e x + 25 − 24e− x .

(i) Find the value of y when x = 4. [1]

(ii) Find the value of e x when y = 20 and hence find the corresponding value of x.
[4]

21) The diagram shows part of the graph of y = log 5 x .

(a) Find a and b.

(b) Sketch the graph of y = log5 5 x .

(c) Sketch the graph of y = log5 x2

1
(d) Sketch the graph of y = log5 .
x

22) The diagram shows the graph of y = log b ( x + a ) .

(i) Find the values of a and b.

(ii) State the domain of this function.

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log 2 2
Answers: 1) (a) k = (ln 2) / 21 = 0.0330 (b) 372 2)(a)
1
or (b) x = 2, x = 4
log 2 x log 2 x

log q 1
3) a) log P = 3a and log q = a (b) = 4)(a)(i)
log p 3
1
(ii) k  −5 (b) 2 log a 2 (c) x = 36 5) x = 125 6) (a) (i) 1 (ii) x = −1 or –2 (b) log 3 45
2

1 log3 x
7) 729 and 8)(a) (b) y = 125a 9)
9 3
10) y = 2 11) (i) - 2 (ii) - n (iv) x = 10 12) (a) 2 = p − q and 14 = 4 p − 2q ; p = 5 q = 3
1
(b) x = lg 6 (c) x = or 0.143 or 0.1428 to 0.1429 13) x = 5.8, y = 2.2 14) (i) B = 900
7
dB
(ii) B = 500 + 400e2 = 3455 or 3456 or 3460 (iii) = 80e2 = 591(/day) (iv) t = 15.8 (days)
dt
15) (i) 2000 = 1000e → a + b = ln 2 (ii) 3297 = 1000e2 a −b → 2a + b = ln 3.297
a +b

5 log 0.5
(iii) a = 0.5 and b = 0.193 or 0.19 (iv) $ 180 000. 16) x = or x = 3 17) (a) z = or
8 log 5
1 1
z = −0.431 (b) x = 10 only (c) x = ln 6 or ln 6 or 0.896 18) x = 1.44, x =
2 9
1 1
19) (ii) x = 729, x = y = , y = 729 20) (a) c = 5 k = 9 (b) (i) 79.2 or 79.158574…
3 3
(ii) x = ln 3 or 1.1(0) or 1.0986122… 21) (a) a = 1, b = 125 22) (a)a = -3, b = 2 (b) x  3

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