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Introduction To Arduino

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Govindam Sharma
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15 views

Introduction To Arduino

Uploaded by

Govindam Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit - 5

Introduction to Arduino
What is Arduino?
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware
and software.
Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button,
or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on
an LED, publishing something online.
Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from
everyday objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of
makers - students, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals - has
gathered around this open-source platform, their contributions have added up to
an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great help to
novices and experts alike.
Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for
fast prototyping, aimed at students without a background in electronics and
programming. As soon as it reached a wider community, the Arduino board
started changing to adapt to new needs and challenges, differentiating its offer
from simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D
printing, and embedded environments.
Why Arduino?
Arduino is simple and accessible user experience, Arduino has been used in
thousands of different projects and applications. The Arduino software is easy-
to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users. It runs on Mac,
Windows, and Linux. Teachers and students use it to build low cost scientific
instruments, to prove chemistry and physics principles, or to get started with
programming and robotics. Designers and architects build interactive
prototypes, musicians and artists use it for installations and to experiment with
new musical instruments. Makers, of course, use it to build many of the projects
exhibited at the Maker Faire, for example. Arduino is a key tool to learn new
things. Anyone - children, hobbyists, artists, programmers - can start tinkering
just following the step by step instructions of a kit, or sharing ideas online with
other members of the Arduino community.

There are many other microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms available


for physical computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Netmedia's BX-24, Phidgets,
MIT's Handyboard, and many others offer similar functionality. All of these
tools take the messy details of microcontroller programming and wrap it up in
an easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies the process of working with
microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage for teachers, students, and
interested amateurs over other systems:
Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other
microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module
can be assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost
less than $50
Cross-platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh
OSX, and Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to
Windows.
Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is
easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take
advantage of as well.
Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as
open source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The
language can be expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to
understand the technical details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C
programming language on which it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code
directly into your Arduino programs if you want to.
Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the Arduino boards are
published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers
can make their own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even
relatively inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the module in
order to understand how it works and save money.
Pin configuration and Architecture

Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller development board based on 8-


bit ATmega328P microcontroller. Along with ATmega328P MCU IC, it consists other
components such as crystal oscillator, serial communication, voltage regulator, etc. to support
the microcontroller.
Arduino Uno Pinout Configuration
Pin Category Pin Name Details

Power Vin, 3.3V, 5V, GND Vin: Input voltage to Arduino when using an
external power source.
5V: Regulated power supply used to power
microcontroller and other components on the
board.
3.3V: 3.3V supply generated by on-board voltage
regulator. Maximum current draw is 50mA.
GND: ground pins.

Reset Reset Resets the microcontroller.

Analog Pins A0 – A5 Used to provide analog input in the range of 0-5V


Input/Output Digital Pins 0 - 13 Can be used as input or output pins.
Pins

Serial 0(Rx), 1(Tx) Used to receive and transmit TTL serial data.

External 2, 3 To trigger an interrupt.


Interrupts

PWM 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 Provides 8-bit PWM output.

SPI 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 Used for SPI communication.


(MISO) and 13 (SCK)

Inbuilt LED 13 To turn on the inbuilt LED.

TWI A4 (SDA), A5 (SCA) Used for TWI communication.

AREF AREF To provide reference voltage for input voltage.

Arduino Uno Technical Specifications


Microcontroller ATmega328P – 8 bit AVR family microcontroller

Operating Voltage 5V

Recommended Input Voltage 7-12V

Input Voltage Limits 6-20V

Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5)

Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output)

DC Current on I/O Pins 40 mA

DC Current on 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Bootloader)

SRAM 2 KB

EEPROM 1 KB

Frequency (Clock Speed) 16 MHz


Coding of Arduino using IDE
Interfacing

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