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Assignment 2

Uploaded by

fredgilberts520
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINNERING
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
ECE 2201 MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES 1B

Part Two Assignment 2


Due date: Monday 20 February 2023

Instructions to Candidates
1. Answer ALL questions.
2. Show all your steps clearly in your calculation.
3. Start the answers for each question on a new page.
4. If any graphs are used, make sure each one of your graphs occupies at least three quarters
of an A4 sheet of graph paper.
5. State any valid assumptions made.

QUESTION 1
100 kg of a benzene-acetic acid solution containing 20% acetic acid is being extracted with 80 kg
water at 25°C in a single-stage extraction unit. Water and benzene are essentially insoluble. The
liquid liquid equilibrium distribution of acetic acid between water and benzene at 25 °C are as
given in Table 1:
a) In the right-angled triangle, illustrate
i) Solubility curve [6]
ii) Tie lines for experiments numbers. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 [3]
iii) Plait point and conjugate curve [5]
b) Determine the percentage of acetic acid extracted. [6]

QUESTION 2
100 kg of an acetic acid benzene solution, containing 10% acetic acid by weight is to be
extracted using water as solvent. Water and benzene are immiscible within the range of
concentration involved. Determine
a) percentage extraction of acetic acid if the extraction is carried out in a single-stage with 150
kg water. [6]
b) percentage extraction of acetic acid if the extraction is carried out in three stages using 50 kg
of water in each stage. [14]
QUESTION 3
1000 kg/hr of a solution of acetic acid in benzene containing 35% acetic acid by weight is to be
counter-currently extracted with 400 kg/hr of water. How many theoretical stages will be
required to reduce the concentration of acetic acid in benzene to 5%?
[20]
Table 1: Liquid-liquid equilibrium data at 25°C of a ternary acetic acid-benzene-water
mixture.

Benzene phase (mass %) Water phase (mass %)


Experimen
t number Acetic Benzene Water Acetic acid Benzene Water
acid
1 0.15 99.85 0.001 4.56 0.04 95.40
2 1.40 98.56 0.04 17.70 0.20 82.10
3 3.27 96.62 0.11 29.00 0.40 70.60
4 13.30 86.30 0.40 56.90 3.30 39.80
5 15.00 84.50 0.50 59.20 4.00 36.80
6 19.90 79.40 0.70 63.90 6.50 29.60
7 22.80 76.35 0.85 64.80 7.70 27.50
8 31.00 67.10 1.90 65.80 18.10 16.10
9 35.30 62.20 2.50 64.50 21.10 14.40
10 37.80 59.20 3.00 63.40 23.40 13.20
11 44.70 50.70 4.60 59.30 30.00 1.70
12 52.30 40.50 7.20 52.30 40.50 7.20

QUESTION 5
4 kg/s of dry sea-shore sand, containing 1 per cent by mass of salt, is to be washed with 6 kg/s of
fresh water running counter-currently to the sand through two classifiers in series. It may be
assumed that perfect mixing of the sand and water occurs in each classifier and that the sand
discharged from each classifier contains one kilogram of water for every two kilograms of sand.
i) If the washed sand is dried in a kiln dryer, what percentage of salt will it retain? [10]
ii) What wash rate would be required in a single classifier in order to wash the sand to the
same extent? [10]

QUESTION 6
a) 100 kg/hr of dry sea-shore sand, containing 2.5 per cent by mass of salt, is to be washed with
60 kg/s of fresh water running counter-currently to the sand through two classifiers in series.
It may be assumed that perfect mixing of the sand and water occurs in each classifier and that
the sand discharged from each classifier contains one kilogram of water for every two
kilograms of sand. If the washed sand is dried in a kiln dryer, what percentage of salt will it
retain? [5]
b) Flaked soya beans containing 40% oil by mass are to be leached with hexane to recover the
soya bean oil. A layer of the flakes will be fed onto a slowly moving perforated belt which
passes under a series of continuously operating sprays. As the solid passes under each spray,
it is showered with fresh liquid which percolates through the bed, collects in a common
trough below the belt and is collected as overflow solution. The spacing of the sprays is such
that the solid is permitted to drain 10 minutes before it reaches the next spray. Fresh solvent
also passes from trough to trough in a direction counter-current to that of the moving solids
so that a truly continuous counter-current stage-wise operation is maintained, each spraying
and draining constituting one stage. Experiments show that the flakes retain solution after 10
minutes drain time to an extent depending upon the oil content of the solution as follows:

Table Q3.1: Data for the hexane leaching of flaked soybeans.


Weight % oil in solution 0 20 40 60 80 100
kg solution retained/kg insoluble solid 0.65 0.71 0.82 0.95 1.12 1.18

The final extract solution is supposed to contain not more than 1% oil on a solid free basis.
The extracting solvent which contains 5% oil by mass is to be fed at a rate of 0.25 kg per kg
of solids. The solvent draining from the flakes is free of solid in all the stages. How many
stages are required? [15]

ALL THE BEST!!!

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