SAT Math Cheat Sheet

Fundamentals pg. 2
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Linear Graphs pg. 3
Quadratic Graphs pg. 4
Exponents pg. 5
Geometry pg. 6
Trigonometry pg. 8
Sequences pg. 10

Formulas given with test

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 Fundamentals
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Terms - A number, variable, or a number
and variable multiplied together.
Variable - A term that represents an
unknown value. (Example: x, y, a, n)
Constant - A value that doesn't change,
unlike a variable. (Example: 3, -5.5) Like terms have the same variables
Coefficient - Number written next to a raised to the same powers,
variable, signifying that they're multiplied. allowing them to combine with
addition or subtraction.
Integers - a number that is not a fraction; a whole number. (..-2, -1, 0, 1, 2..)

Factors - the factors of a number divide into that number without a remainder
(the factors of 8 are 8, 4, 2, and 1)

Multiples - the multiples of a number are divisible by that number without a

remainder (multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, 64...)

Commutative Property - a + b = b + a and a×b=b×a

Associative Property - a + (b + c) = b + (a + c) and a × (b × c) = b × (a × c)

Distributive Property - a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (b × c)

FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last) - (a + b)(c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd

Probability = Amount of targeted outcomes
Total amount of outcomes
Part × 100
Percent =
Whole
Order of Operations - PEMDAS
(Parentheses, Exponents, (Multiply and Divide), (Addition and Subtraction)
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Mean/average = Sum of terms back
Number of terms
Mode = Value in the list that appears most often

Median - Middle value in a list sorted by number value. If there's an even

number of terms, average the 2 middle terms.

Domain - The set of all possible input values (x-values) for which a function is
defined.
Range (in functions) - The set of all possible output values (y-values) that a
function can produce.
Range (in statistics) - The difference between the highest and lowest values in a
list or set of numbers.

Linear Graphs
y2 - y1
Slope = m = slope
x2 - x1
b = y-intercept
Slope-Intercept Form: y = mx + b
(constant)
Point-Slope Form: y - y1 = m(x - x1) d = distance
c = constant
Distance Formula:

Midpoint Formula:

Horizontal Line: y = c, m = 0

Perpendicular Lines: Slopes are opposite reciprocals.

Flip Switch sign 3

Parallel Lines: Slopes are equal back

Quadratic Graphs
Standard Form of Quadratic Equation:

a: The greater a is, the more narrow the b: Represents c: The y-value
graph is. If a is positive, the graph will the slope of the of the graph at
reach infinity in the positive direction parabola at the the y-intercept.
(U-shape). If a is negative, the graph y-intercept, or
will reach infinity in the negative when x = 0.
direction (upside-down U-shape).

Vertex Form:

h: The x-value of the vertex. k: The y-value of the vertex.

Quadratic Formula:

> 0, there are 2 solutions

Discriminant: = 0, there is 1 solution
< 0, there are no solutions
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x-coordinate of vertex:

Sum of solutions:

Product of solutions:

Exponents
Fundamental Laws of Exponents:

+1 if n is even
-1 if n is odd

Exponential growth and decay: a: Starting value

(y-intercept)
Example: 200 Bacteria double in population every 3 hours, r: rate of change
when will the population reach 800? t: time

Answer: Population will reach 800 after 6 hours.

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If If
then the solutions are -5 and 5 then the solutions are and

Geometry
Pythagorean Theorem:

Common Triples: 3, 4, 5, and 5, 12, 13

Congruent Triangles: Have the same shape and size

Similar Triangles: Have the same shape.

Triangle Proofs for Congruency: Triangle Proofs for Similarity:

S-S-S (Side-Side-Side) S-S-S (Side-Side-Side)
S-A-S (Side-Angle-Side) S-A-S (Side-Angle-Side)
A-S-A (Angle-Side-Angle) A-S-A (Angle-Side-Angle)
A-A-S (Angle-Angle-Side) A-A-S (Angle-Angle-Side)
H-L (Hypotenuse-Leg) H-L (Hypotenuse-Leg)
A-A (Angle-Angle)

Implementing the altitude of a right

a triangle will create two more similar
triangle.

b
b a
b a
a + b = 90 degrees
Note: cos(a) - sin(b) = 0 (More on Trig below..) 6
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Basic Circle Formulas:

2(radius) = diameter Circumference = (pi)(diameter) = 2(pi)(radius)

Area of Circle:

Circle Formula: h: x-coordinate of center of

the circle
k: y-coordinate of center of
the circle
Example: r: Radius of circle

h = 10

k = 10

r=4

A
Length of arc AB =
B

Area of sector AB =

Degrees to Radians:
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AB is the diameter, and O is the
Basic Rules: center of the circle
A
Lines AO, CO, and BO are all
equal because they're all the
radius of the circle.
C
Angle of AOC = Measure of arc AC
Angle of AOC = 2(Angle of ABC) B

Intersecting Lines Parallel Lines

b a
a b
b
a a b a
b
a b

a + b = 180 degrees

Trigonometry
*Only works with right triangles*

sin(θ) = cos(90 - θ)

tan(θ) = sin(θ)
cos(θ)

Acronym for Trig: SOH-CAH-TOA

opposite adjacent adjacent

sin(θ) = cos(θ) = tan(θ) =
hypotenuse hypotenuse hypotenuse
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opp y
sin(θ) = = =y
hyp 1
adj x
cos(θ) = = =x
hyp 1
opp y
tan(θ) = =
adj x

Trig in Unit Circle

Unit Circle:

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Sequences
n: The variable that
Arithmetic Sequence:
determines what
number the list we are
List Example: , + r, + 2r,...
targeting.
If r = 3 and = 2, whats ? : The "n"th number
in the list.

: The number when

2, 5, 8, 11,... =8 n=1
r (in arithmetic): The
Geometric Sequence: linear increase for each
increase in n
List Example: r (in geometric): The
exponential increase
If r = 2 and = 5, whats ? for each increase in n

5, 10, 20, 40,... = 20

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