PRACTICAL FILE

SESSION: 2023-24
Principles of Programming
Languages Lab
(ETCS 458)
IV Year, VIII Sem

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Name: Name:

Designation: Enrollment No.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Delhi Technical Campus, Greater Noida
 INDEX

S.NO. PROGRAM NAME DATE OF DATE OF SIGN.

EXPERIMENT SUBMISSION
1 Implement all major functions of string.h
in single C program using switch case to
select specific function from user choice
(like strlen, strcat, strcpy, strcmp, strrev).
2 Write a program (WAP) in C to reverse a
linked list iterative and recursive.
3 WAP in C to implement iterative Towers
of Hanoi.
4 WAP in C++ to count the no. of
object of a class with the help of
static data member, function
and constructor.
5

8
9
10

11
 Experiment 1

Aim: Implement all major functions of string.h in single C program using switch case to select
specific function from user choice (like strlen, strcat, strcpy, strcmp, strrev).

Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

void get_string(char *str);

void custom_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);
void custom_strcat(char *dest, const char *src);
int custom_strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
void custom_strrev(char *str);

int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100], result[100];
int choice;
printf("Enter your choice:\n");
printf("1. strlen\n");
printf("2. strcat\n");
printf("3. strcpy\n");
printf("4. strcmp\n");
printf("5. strrev\n");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter a string: ");
get_string(str1);
printf("Length of the string: %d\n", strlen(str1));
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter the first string: ");
get_string(str1);
printf("Enter the second string: ");
get_string(str2);
custom_strcat(str1, str2);
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);
break;
 case 3:
printf("Enter the source string: ");
get_string(str1);
custom_strcpy(result, str1);
printf("Copied string: %s\n", result);
break;
case 4:
printf("Enter the first string: ");
get_string(str1);
printf("Enter the second string: ");
get_string(str2);
printf("Result of strcmp: %d\n", custom_strcmp(str1, str2));
break;
case 5:
printf("Enter a string: ");
get_string(str1);
custom_strrev(str1);
printf("Reversed string: %s\n", str1);
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice\n");
}
return 0;
}
void get_string(char *str) {
scanf(" %[^\n]s", str);
}
void custom_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
while (*src) {
*dest = *src;
src++;
dest++;
}
*dest = '\0';
}
void custom_strcat(char *dest, const char *src) {
while (*dest) {
dest++;
}
while (*src) {
 *dest = *src;
src++;
dest++;
}
*dest = '\0';
}
int custom_strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2) {
while (*str1 && *str2 && *str1 == *str2) {
str1++;
str2++;
}
return *str1 - *str2;
}
void custom_strrev(char *str) {
int length = strlen(str);
char *start = str;
char *end = str + length - 1;

while (start < end) {

char temp = *start;
*start = *end;
*end = temp;
start++;
end--;
}
}

Output:
 Experiment 2

Aim: Write a program (WAP) in C to reverse a linked list iterative and recursive.

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Node {
int data;
struct Node* next;
};
struct Node* createNode(int data);
struct Node* reverseIterative(struct Node* head);
struct Node* reverseRecursive(struct Node* head);
struct Node* createNode(int data) {
struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (newNode == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
exit(1);
}
newNode->data = data;
newNode->next = NULL;
return newNode;
}
struct Node* reverseIterative(struct Node* head) {
struct Node *prev = NULL, *curr = head, *next;
while (curr != NULL) {
next = curr->next;
curr->next = prev;
prev = curr;
curr = next;
}
head = prev;
return head;
}
struct Node* reverseRecursive(struct Node* head) {
 if (head == NULL || head->next == NULL)
return head;
struct Node* rest = reverseRecursive(head->next);
head->next->next = head;
head->next = NULL;
return rest;
}
void printList(struct Node* head) {
struct Node* temp = head;
while (temp != NULL) {
printf("%d -> ", temp->data);
temp = temp->next;
}
printf("NULL\n");
}
int main() {
struct Node* head = createNode(1);
head->next = createNode(2);
head->next->next = createNode(3);
head->next->next->next = createNode(4);
head->next->next->next->next = createNode(5);
printf("Original Linked List: ");
printList(head);
head = reverseIterative(head);
printf("Reversed Linked List (Iterative): ");
printList(head);
head = reverseRecursive(head);
printf("Reversed Linked List (Recursive): ");
printList(head);
return 0;
}

Output:
 Experiment 3

Aim: WAP in C to implement iterative Towers of Hanoi.

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void iterativeTowersOfHanoi(int num_disks, char source, char auxiliary, char destination) {
int total_moves = (1 << num_disks) - 1; // Equivalent to 2^num_disks - 1
int move = 0;
while (move < total_moves) {
int from_peg = (move & move + 1) % 3;
int to_peg = ((move | move + 1) + 1) % 3;
printf("Move disk from peg %c to peg %c\n", (from_peg == 0 ? source : (from_peg == 1
? auxiliary : destination)), (to_peg == 0 ? source : (to_peg == 1 ? auxiliary : destination)));
move++;
}
}
int main() {
int num_disks;
printf("Enter the number of disks: ");
scanf("%d", &num_disks);
iterativeTowersOfHanoi(num_disks, 'A', 'B', 'C');
return 0;
}

Output:
 Experiment 4

Aim: WAP in C++ to count the no. of object of a class with the help of static data member,
function and constructor.

Code:

#include <iostream>

class MyClass
{
private:
static int count;
public:
MyClass()
{
count++;
std::cout << "Object created. Total objects: " << count << std::endl;
}

~MyClass()
{
count--;
std::cout << "Object destroyed. Total objects: " << count << std::endl;
}

static int getCount()

{
return count;
}
};

int MyClass::count = 0;

int main()
{
MyClass obj1;
MyClass obj2;
MyClass obj3;
 std::cout << "Number of objects created: " << MyClass::getCount() << std::endl;

MyClass *obj4 = new MyClass();

std::cout << "Number of objects created: " << MyClass::getCount() << std::endl;

delete obj4;

std::cout << "Number of objects created: " << MyClass::getCount() << std::endl;

return 0;
}

Output: