Crop Production and Managements Questions

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BANGALORE – EAST
BIOLOGY NOTES
CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
NAME: CLASS: VIII SEC: DATE:
The highlighted questions only to be written in the notebook i.e Q4 to Q9 and the diagrams.
1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called
(b) The first step before growing crops is of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would on top of the water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and and from the soil are essential.
Answer: (a) crop
(b) preparation
(c) float
(d) water, nutrients
2. Match items in column A with those in column B.

A B
(i) Kharif crops (a) Food for cattle
(ii) Rabi crops (b) Urea and superphosphate
(iii) Chemical fertilisers (c) Animal excreta, cow dung, urine and plant waste
(iv) Organic manure (d) Wheat, gram, pea
(e) Paddy and maize
Answer: (i) (e)

(ii) (d)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (c)
3. Give two examples of each.
(a) Kharif crop
(b) Rabi crop
Answer: (a) Kharif crop: Paddy and maize
(b) Rabi crop: Wheat and gram
4. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil
(b) Sowing
(c) Weeding
(d) Threshing
Answer:
(a) Preparation of soil: Preparation of the soil is necessary before growing a crop. It involves tilling and
loosening the soil. This allows the roots to penetrate deep in the soil and to breathe easily. Loosening of
the soil also brings nutrient-rich soil to the top layer and allows the growth of earthworms and
microorganisms, there by adding nutrients to the soil. Generally plough, hoe and cultivator are used for
tilling and levelling the soil.
(b) Sowing: Sowing is an important process in crop production. Sowing of seeds at appropriate depths
and distances gives good yield. Good variety of seeds are sown after selection of healthy seeds. The tool
used traditionally for sowing seeds is funnel-shaped. Nowadays a seed drill is used for sowing with the
help of tractors. This tool sows the seed uniformly at a proper distance and depth.
(c) Weeding: Removal of undesirable plants from the field is called weeding. Weeds compete with crop
plants for space, sunlight, nutrients and water. This will reduce the yield of the desired crops. Weeds
also interfere while harvesting and gets mixed with crops. Some weeds are poisonous to animals and
humans. Tilling is a common method which helps removal of weeds before sowing crops. Weedicides
are also sprayed to get rid of weeds, but as chemicals are used, this method may affect the health of
farmers. So weedicides must be used carefully.
(d) Threshing: In the harvested crop, the grain seeds need to be separated from the chaff. The process of
separating the chaff from the grain is known as threshing. Threshing is done by a machine called
‘combine’ which is a harvester as well as a thresher.
5. Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.
Answer:
Fertilisers Manures
(i) A fertiliser is an inorganic salt prepared (i) Manure is a natural/organic substance obtained
artificially. by the decomposition of cattle dung, human
waste and plant residues.
(ii) A fertiliser is prepared in factories. (ii) Manure can be prepared in the fields.
(iii) A fertiliser does not provide any (iii) Manure provides a lot of humus to the soil.
humus to the soil.
(iv) Fertilisers are very rich in plant (iv) Manure is relatively less rich in plant
nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and nutrients.
potassium.
(v) Long term usage has adverse effects (v) Long term usage improves soil fertility.
on soil.
6. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.

Answer: The artificial method of watering the plants for assisting in their growth is called irrigation.
Main sources of irrigation are wells, tube-wells, ponds, lakes, rivers.
Two methods which help us to conserve water are:
(i) Sprinkler irrigation system: This irrigation system has an arrangement of vertical pipes with
rotating nozzles on the top. It is more useful in the uneven and sandy land where sufficient water is not
available.
(ii) Drip irrigation system: This irrigation system has an arrangement of pipes or tubes with very small
holes in them to water plants drop by drop just at the base of the root. It is very efficient as water is not
wasted at all.
7. If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Answer: Wheat crop is sown from October/November and harvested in March/April. It is grown in
winter and requires less water. This plant cannot tolerate too much water and excess water will damage
the wheat plant. Therefore, if wheat is sown in rainy season, its production will be decreased considerably
or it willnot yield any crop due to the adverse climatic conditions.
8. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Answer: Plants require nutrients for their growth. Continuous plantation of crops results in depletion of
certain nutrients like Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium etc making the soil infertile. This results in the
decrease of yield. Hence there should be a gap between crops in order to get a good yield.
9. What are the weeds? How can we control them?
Answer: In a field many undesirable plants may grow naturally along with the crop. These undesirable
plants are called weeds. Weeds can be controlled by methods called weeding. Tilling before sowing of
crops helps in uprooting and killing of weeds, which may then dry up and get mixed with the soil.
Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals, called weedicides like 2, 4-D. Spraying of
weedicides may affect the health of farmers. So, they should use these chemicals very carefully.
10. Arrange the following boxes in the proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop
production.
Answer:
Diagrams to be done in the Notebook:
1.
Agricultural implement – The Plough
2.
A Sickle – Harvesting tool

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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BANGALORE – EAST

NAME: CLASS: VIII SEC: DATE:

2. Match items in column A with those in column B.

Answer: (i) (e)

6. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.

Agricultural implement – The Plough

A Sickle – Harvesting tool

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