Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
Grade 12 – Quarter 1
Module 1 First Week

Most Essential Learning Competencies

 Use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them
(STEM_GC11MPla–b–5)
 Recognize the formula of some common substances
(STEM_GC11MPla–b–9)
Compare consumer products and the basis of their components for use. Safety,
quality and cost (STEM_GC11MPla–b–11)
 Describe various separation techniques such as distillation and chromatography
(STEM_GC11MPla–b–12)

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________

Prepared by:
JULIE B. MENDOZA
SH Teacher - II
 Overview

Chemistry is branch of science that deals with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. It also deals with the
study of its classification, composition, structure, and properties. In your junior class, you were taught how to classify matter
and identify its composition. This module then will focus on studying properties of matter and its various forms.

I. Procedure

A. ACTIVITIES

A1. Activity 1 (Push Me Hard)

1. Get two 60-mL plastic syringes with the needle removed and replaced by a seal. One syringe contains a
small block of wood, while the other contains entrapped air. The plunger is set to touch the wood block,
as shown below:

2. Push the plunger in the two syringes.

3. What have you observed?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

A2. Activity 2 (What’s in me?)

1. Complete the chart above.

2. How do each particle differ from each other?
a. ____________________________________
b. ____________________________________
c. ____________________________________

A3. Activity 3 (Know me more)

1. Complete the chart.

2. At the bottom layer of boxes, illustrate how the particles are distributed or arranged in each state of
matter using circles.
3. Describe each state of matter in terms how separated are the particles and how freely they can move.
a. ________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________
4. Classify the following substances according to the three states of matter:
a. Iron nail __________________
b. Sugar __________________
c. Syrup __________________
d. Air __________________
e. Ice __________________
f. Alcohol __________________
A4. Activity 4 (Examine Me)

1. Complete the chart above using the following keywords: physical properties and chemical properties,
extensive properties and intensive properties
2. What is the difference between physical properties and chemical properties?
Answer: _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

3. How do intensive properties differ from extensive properties?

Answer: ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

A5. Activity 5

1. Complete the above block diagram and fill it up using these keywords: pure substances. mixtures,
elements, compounds, homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixture.
2. How do pure substances differ from mixtures?
Answer : ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between elements and compounds?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

A6. Activity 6
 1. Give three common ways to separate the components of a mixture to complete the chart above.
2. When can each method be used in separating the components of a mixture?
a. ________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________

A7. Activity 7

Pure substance _______ _______ _______

Monoatomic
Element

Note: A ball in each bag represents an atom

Examine if the bag contains a pure substance or a mixture. If the content is a pure substance,
determine if it is a monoatomic element, a diatomic element, or a compound. (Bag A is an example on
how to answer. It is an element because all circles indicating molecules have the same color. it is
monoatomic because molecules do not bond with each other. It is a pure substance because it is an
element.)

Note: Same color indicates same element.

If same color is not bonded, it is monoatomic element
If same color is bonded, it is diatomic element
If two or more colors bonded, it is a compound
If two or more colors in a container but not bonded, it is a mixture

A8. Activity 8

Bag Label Pure Substance 0r Elements 0r compounds Formula for each

Mixture Substance in the Bag
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
ANALYSIS

From Activity 1
Why is it easier to compress the entrapped air than the wood block? Shade all the circles which statement applies.
A gas is made up of particles that are far apart from each other, which can be
pushed closer towards each other,
A solid is made up of particles which are compact, so that it is no longer
possible to push these particles closer to each other.
Gases has smaller particles the solids

From Activity 2 (Shade the circle of the best answer)

1. What is the right particle to use when we refer to the smallest particle of an element?

Atom
Molecule
Ion
2. What is the smallest particle of a compound?

Atom
Molecule
Ion

From Activity 3 (Shade the circle of the best answer)

1. What accounts for the fix volume of solids?

Its particles are arranged in compact that each molecules are held in place
Its particles are loosely arranged and are free to move
Its particles completely have no motion at all
2. Why do gases have no definite shape and no definite volume?
Its particles are very widely separated and are free to move in chaotic motion.
Its particles have very strong attraction between particles
Its particles are arranged in compact that each molecules are held in place

From Activity 4

1. Classify the following examples as physical or chemical properties:

a. Melting of ice __________________________

b. Evaporation of water __________________________

c. Rusting __________________________

d. Digestion __________________________

2. Classify the following examples as intensive or extensive properties:

a. Boiling point __________________________

b. Weight __________________________

c. Volume __________________________

d. Density __________________________

From Activity 5

1. Which of the following are pure substances and which are mixtures?
a. Table sugar __________________________
b. Table salt __________________________
c. Iodized salt __________________________
d. Brown sugar __________________________
e. Distilled water __________________________
f. Soft drinks __________________________
g. Oxygen gas (in tank) _________________________
h. Human breath __________________________

2. Which of the following are homogeneous mixtures? Which are heterogeneous . .

mixtures?
a. Rubbing alcohol __________________________
b. Mixture of water and oil __________________________
c. Mixture of salt and pepper ________________________
d. Carbonated soft drink __________________________
e. Human breath __________________________
From Activity 6

For Nos. 1@2

What method of separating mixtures can be best used to separate components of the
following substances?
1. Salt from salt water in a salt solution
Sedimentation
Evaporation
Filtration
Chromatography
2. Salt from a mixture of iron and salt
Magnetism
Evaporation
Sieving
Hand picking
3. If you have a solid mixture and one has the ability to change directly into gas when heated, what method of
separating mixture would be best used?
Evaporation
Sublimation
Crystallization
Filtration

From Activity 7

Let’s examine each bag (Shade the circle of your answer)

1. For bag A
a. Are the ball the same or different?
The same
Different
b. Do the balls represent a pure substance of a mixture? Why?
Pure substance because they are of the same color and all are monoatomic because no one is
bonded with each other
Mixture because the balls are not of the same color and are not bonded with each other
Pure substance and a diatomic because they are of the same color and two balls bonded with each
other
Pure substance and a compound because they are not of the same color and are bonded to each
other

2. For bag B
a. Are the ball the same or different?
The same
Different
b. Do the balls represent a pure substance of a mixture? Why?
Pure substance because they are of the same color and all are monoatomic because no one is
bonded with each other
Mixture because the balls are not of the same color and are not bonded with each other
Pure substance and a diatomic because they are of the same color and two balls bonded with each
other
Pure substance and a compound because they are not of the same color and are bonded to each
other

3. For Bag C
a. Are the ball the same or different?
The same
Different
b. Do the balls represent a pure substance of a mixture? Why?
Pure substance because they are of the same color and all are monoatomic because no one is
bonded with each other
Mixture because the balls are not of the same color and are not bonded with each other
Pure substance and a diatomic because they are of the same color and two balls bonded with each
other
Pure substance and a compound because they are not of the same color and are bonded to each
other

4. For Bag D
a. Are the ball the same or different?
The same
Different
b. Do the balls represent a pure substance of a mixture? Why?
Pure substance because they are of the same color and all are monoatomic because no one is
bonded with each other
Mixture because the balls are not of the same color and are not bonded with each other
Pure substance and a diatomic because they are of the same color and two balls bonded with each
other
Pure substance and a compound because they are not of the same color and are bonded to each
other

Let’s Create a formula!

If we represent A for the gray and B for the black, What is the possible formula for :
a. Bag A
A
 B
B2
A2
AB
b. Bag B
A
B
B2
A2
AB
c. For Bag D
A
B
B2
A2
AB

B. ABSTRACTION

MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES AND VARIOUS FORMS

 Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
 Particles composing matter are either atoms, ions or molecules
 Atoms are the basic unit of matter and the defining structure of elements.
 Molecules are made up of two or more atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit
of a chemical compound.
 Ions are particles with charges. An atom or a molecule that carries an electric charge as a result of having
lost or gained one or more valence electrons
 States of Matter are:
 Solids – particles are closely packed where particles are not free to move thus its motion is through
vibration in place only.
 Liquids – particles are far apart and are free to move
 Gases – molecules are very far apart and are very free to move in a chaotic motion.
 The arrangement of the particles for solid, liquid, and gas, respectively are:

 Properties of Matter
 It can be intensive or extensive (property depending on the amount of matter)
Intensive Properties – is a property of matter that does not change as the amount of matter
changes which means that it is not dependent on the size or mass of a sample such as density,
specific gravity, specific heat, temperature, hardness, refractive index, boiling point, concentration,
pressure, specific volume, chemical potential, color, and molality. (Example, the boiling point of a
1glass of water compared to a 1gallon of water will always be 100 oC)
Extensive Properties – is a property of matter that depends on the amount of matter that an object
contains such as mass, volume, length, height, etc. Thus, it changes its value when the amount of
substance is changed. (Example: The mass of a 1 glass of water is lesser than the mass of 1gallon
of water. Therefore mass of a certain matter depends on its amount and so it is an extensive
property)
 It can also be Physical and Chemical Properties
Chemical Property – is a characteristic of a particular substance that can be observed in a chemical
reaction such as flammability, toxicity, heat of combustion, pH value, rate of radioactive decay and
chemical reactivity and stability.
Physical Property – is a characteristic of a particular substance that can be observed or measured
without changing the composition of matter such as appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point,
boiling point, density, solubility, polarity and etc.
 Classifications of Matter
 Two General Classifications of Matter
Pure Substances – are sample of matter with both definite and constant composition and distinct
chemical properties. It can either be:
 Elements – are pure substances which cannot be broken down by chemical means,
consisting of atoms which have identical number of protons in their atomic nuclei. (Ex.
Carbon (C), oxygen(O), hydrogen(H), etc.)
 Compounds – are pure substances made from two or more elements. Consists of a fixed
ratio of chemically bonded atoms. It has unique properties that are different from the
properties of its individual elements. (Ex. Carbon dioxide(CO2), such that it has unique
properties that are different from its composing elements, carbon and oxygen)

Note: both elements and compounds are always homogeneous

Mixtures – are the result of physically combining two or more substances such that each maintains
its chemical identity. A chemical reaction does not occur between components of a mixture thus
components can easily be separated by ordinary means (Ex. Salt solution, sand and water, rice
and pins, etc)
 Mixtures can be classified into:
 Homogeneous – have a uniform composition and phase throughout their volume.
(Ex. Sugar solution)

Note: All solutions are always homogeneous

 Heterogeneous – do not appear uniform and may consist of different phases.

(Ex. Water and oil, fruit salad)
 Heterogeneous mixtures can be:
a. Colloids – when one substance is microscopically dispersed
undissolved and suspended throughout another substance.
b. Suspension – when one component of a mixture are big enough to
eventually settle.
c. Coarse – all particles are big enough like the fruit salad.
 Mixtures can be separated by the following means:
1. Hand picking – using hands to pick and separate the components
2. Threshing – generally used by farmers to separate grains from the stalk after
harvesting.
3. Winnowing – the mixture is allowed to fall from a height where the lighter components
gets separated from the heavier ones because of wind
4. Sieving – used to separate dry mixtures of different size by passing it through a sieve.
5. Magnetism – a process in which magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a
mixture using a magnetic force
6. Sublimation – can be used when one component of s solid mixture has the ability to
change directly into gaseous state on heating.
7. Evaporation – a process in which a liquid changes into gaseous form on heating.
Allowing the liquid to evaporate, leaving the soluble solid behind.
8. Crystallization – A process which separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals
from a saturated solution
9. Sedimentation – the process by which the insoluble, heavy solid particles are allowed
to settle down on their own. The clear liquid is then separated from the sediments by
gently pouring it into another container in a process called decantation
10. Filtration – used for the separation of liquids from solids using a filter through which
only the liquid can pass.
11. Distillation – The process by which a mixture is separated by heating a solution and
condensing the vapour using a cooling tube
12. Centrifugation – done by spinning the sample of a mixture very rapidly allowing the
denser materials go to the bottom.
13. Paper Chromatography – used to separate out one color from a mixtures of colors
 C. APPLICATION

1. Compare brand A and Brand B. Supposed you can buy Brand A at 100.00 brand B at 80.00 and you consider stretching out
your budget so you can save money. Which brand is wise to buy?
a. Brand A because it makes 8 servings per container
b. Brand B because it has more grams per serving
c. Brand A because it has more calories per serving
d. Brand B because it is cheaper
2. Fibers are necessary for regular bowel movement and overall health. Which product is wise to buy?
a. Brand A because it has more fiber per container
b. Brand B because it has more dietary fiber compared to brand A based on its label
c. Brand B because it is cheaper
d. Brand A because it has zero calories

Give the chemical Name of the following Chemical Formula. Label of product in the left side will be your guide
 CaHPO4
INGREDIENTS:
NONFAT MILK, WATER, MALTED BARLEY AND
TAPIOCA STARCH EXTRACT, SUGAR, AND
LESS THAN 2% OF COCOA PROCESSED WITH
ALKALI, PALM OIL, MONO – AND MgCO3
DIGLYCERIDES, DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, _________________
MAGNESIUM CARBONATE, WHEAT
MALTODEXTRIN, SODIUM PHOSPHATE,
CARRAGEENAN, SOY LECITHIN, SODIUM Na3PO4
ALGINATE, NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FLAVOR, __________________
FERRIC PYROPHOSPHATE (IRON),
NIACINAMIDE, PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE
(VITAMIN B6), RIBOFLAVIN, CHOLECALCIFEROL
(VITAMIN D3), CYANOCOBALAMIN (VITAMIN B

H3PO4

H2 O

_________________

CaCO3
INGREDIENTS: _________________

SKIMMED MILK, LACTOSE, VEGETABLE

FeSO4
OILS( LOW ERUCIC RAPESSED OIL,
HIGH OLEIC SUNFLOWER OIL AND
SUNFLOWER OIL, MILK FAT, DIETARY
FIBERS (FRUCTO – OLIGOSACCHARIDE
AND INULIN) MINERALS (CALCIUM MgCl2
CARBONATE, ZINC SULFATE,
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, FERROUS __________________
SULFATE,

II. EVALUATION
DIRECTION: Write the letter of the best answer on the space before each number.
_____1. What is the best way to separate milk and water from a milk solution?
a. Condensation c. distillation
b. Sedimentation d. filtration
_____2. Which one of the following would you use to separate fine pieces of wood from iron filings?
a. A bar magnet c. chromatography paper
b. Filter paper d. decantation
_____3. Water and alcohol have different boiling point. Which one is best used to
separate water and alcohol?
a. Distillation c. filtration
b. Chromatography d. sedimentation
_____4. What means of separating mixtures is best used to separate dyes in water
soluble markers?
a. Sublimation c. crystallization
b. Chromatography d. sedimentation
For numbers 5-7 refer to the above food label
_____5. What are the components in a food label that you should consider avoiding in
a product for overall wellness?
a. Sugar and sodium c. servings per container
b. Fiber and protein d. calories
_____6. In choosing a food product what should you consider most for overall
wellness?
a. Sugar and sodium c. servings per container
b. Fiber and protein d. calories
_____7. If you are allergy to soy, is the product safe to you?
a. Yes, it has minimal soy content anyway
b. No, it has soy content.
c. Yes, it is a processed food anyway.
d. No. it is a processed food
_____8. Which of the following is a compound?
a. Co b. O2 c. CO2 d. C
_____9. What is the formula for a simple sugar?
a. Cu5H12O6 b. Ca5H15O5 c.C6H12O6 d. C12H12O22
_____10. What is the chemical name of magnesium Chloride?

a. MgCl2 b. MnCl2 c. MgCl d. MnCl