7

TLE 7 Exploratory
Quarter II: Module 7
Practice Occupational Health and
Safety

TLE 7 Exploratory

Self-Learning Module

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TLE Dressmaking– Grade 7
Self-Learning Module
Quarter 2 – Module 7: Practice Occupational Health and Safety
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Regional Director : SALUSTIANO T. JIMENEZ, EDD, JD, CESO V
OIC Asst. Regional Director : CRISTITO A. ECO

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ma. Jocelith B. Bongo

Editors:
Reviewers: Jasmin S. Comahig & Leonilo C. Roiles
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: NIMFA D. BONGO Ed.D, CESO V
ESTELA B. SUSVILLA Ph.D
JAIME P. RUELAN Ed.D
ISMAELITA N. DESABILLE Ed.D
KENN NORWAY B. MARZADO Ed.D

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VII – Schools Division of Mandaue City

Office Address: Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City

Telephone: (032) 345-0545
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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 7

TLE
DRESSMAKING
Second Quarter-Module 7:
Practice Occupational Health
and Safety

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need To Know?

This Self- Learning Module (SLM) for TLE Dressmaking is made specifically for
you, our dear Grade seven learners. This aims to aid you in acquiring and/or
mastering the focused learning competencies in Practice Occupational Health and
Safety. Furthermore, the learning flow technique and activities used in this module
are chosen appropriately for your level and can be used in any learning situations.
Although the lessons in this module are arranged according to the standard sequence
of the course, you may read them according to your learning style and to other
learning resources you are using.

With the help of your parents or any members of the family, you will surely
meet the standards set for this SLM. Your teachers may of great help too when
needed. They can be contacted within class hours.

Happy learning!

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module, you are expected to do the following:
LO 1. Identify and evaluate hazards and risks
LO 2. Control hazards and risks

OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify and evaluate hazards and risks
2. Explain and enumerate hazards and their effects

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
• Workplace hazards and risks are identified and
clearly explained.

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 Module 7
Practice Occupational Health and Safety

Overview

Occupational safety and health, also commonly referred to as health and safety,
occupational health and safety, occupational health, or occupational safety, is a
multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at
work.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) standards mandate reduction,

removal or replacement of job site hazards. OHS programs also help minimize the
effects of such hazards. Occupational Health and Safety considerably benefits the
company, as healthy employees are guaranteed to be more productive.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) relates to health, safety, and

welfare issues in the workplace. OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs
that are aimed at making the workplace better for workers, along with co-workers,
family members, customers, and other stakeholders.

Occupational safety deals with all aspects of physical, mental and social
health and safety in a workplace. It is the umbrella for company’s efforts to prevent
injuries and hazards in all work environments. Milder hazards include challenges in
ergonomics, workloads, mental capacity and general well-being of employees.

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 What I Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about identifying and evaluating
hazards and risks. Take this test.

Pretest LO 1

Read each sentence carefully and choose the letter of the best answer from
the choices below. Write your answer on your quiz notebook.

1. Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something

or someone under certain conditions at work.
A. Hazard C. Risk
B. Psychological D. Chemical
2. The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations
with property or equipment loss.
A. Psychological C. Ergonomics
B. Risk D. None of the above
3. Any substance that can cause harm, primarily to people.
A. Substance C. Chemical
B. Hazard D. Psychological
4. It has recently been acknowledged in legislation as a workplace hazard.
A. Risk C. Psychological
B. Ergonomics D. Chemical
5. Which of the following is an example of hazard?
A. Wet floor C. Cake
B. Flower D. Baby

Directions: Identify if it is hazards or risks

__________________6. Electricals
__________________7. Sewing
__________________8. Spillage of wet substance
__________________9. Falls
__________________10.Scissor

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 What’s In?

Please answer this first:

1. In doing sewing repairs at home, have you encountered accident?

2. If yes, what kind of accident is it?

In your notebook, make a table like this and supply the needed answer.

Accident encountered Minor/Major Remedy

What’s New?

Biological- bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans, etc.
Chemical- depends on the physical, chemical and toxic properties of the chemical
Environment-the circumstances or conditions that surround one
Ergonomic- repetitive movements, improper set up of workstation etc.
Exposure- the condition of being exposed, especially to severe weather or other
forces of nature
Health- the overall condition of an organism at a given time
Industry- a specific branch of manufacture and trade
Injury- damage or harm done to or suffered by a person or thing
Harmful- causing or capable of causing harm
Obligations- the act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie
Physical- radiation, magnetic fields, pressure extremes (high pressure or vacuum),
noise, etc.
Protective- giving or capable of giving protection
Psychosocial- stress, violence etc.
Responsibility- the ability or authority to act or decide on one’s own, without
supervision
Safety- freedom from danger or risk of injury
Textile- a cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting: a fabric
Workplace- a place, such as an office or factory, where people are employed

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 What Is It?

Information Sheet 1.1

What is a Hazard?

A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health

effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.

Basically, a hazard can cause harm or adverse effects (to individual as

health effects or to organizations as property or equipment losses).

What are examples of Hazards in the tailoring shop?

1. Running at the textile room and boisterous behavior.

2. Placing fingers in front of the sewing machine needle.
3. Handling scissors by the blade.
4. Leaving the iron switched on and unattended.
5. Using damaged equipment.
6. Talking to your friend while sewing.

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 What Is Risk?

Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be

harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to
a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or
equipment loss.

A risk is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will

actually cause somebody harm.

For example, working alone away from your office can be a hazard. The risk
of personal danger may be high. Electric cabling is a hazard. If it has snagged on a
sharp object, the exposed wiring places it in a 'high-risk' category.

Factors that influence the degree of risk include:

• How much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition.

• How the person is exposed (e.g. breathing in a vapor, skin contact), and
• How severe are the effects under the conditions of exposure.

What is a Risk Assessment?

Risk assessment is the process where you:

• Identify hazards
• Analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard, and
• Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) says: "A risk assessment is nothing more
than a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people."

Employers have a duty under the Management of Health and Safety at Work
Regulations 1999 to carry out risk assessments to identify what hazards exist in a
workplace, and how likely these hazards are to cause harm. They must then decide
what prevention or control measures are needed.

What is an Adverse Health Effect?

A general definition of adverse health effect is “any change in body function or

the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems”.

Adverse health effects include:

• Body injury
• Disease
• Change in the way the body functions, grows,
or develops
• Effects on a developing fetus (teratogenic effects,
fetotoxic effects)

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 • Effects on children, grandchildren, etc. (inheritable
genetic effects)
• Decrease in life span
• Change in mental condition resulting from stress,
traumatic experiences, exposure to solvents,
• Effects on the ability to accommodate additional stress.

Types of Hazard

1. Chemical- a chemical hazard is any substance that can cause harm, primarily
to people. Chemicals of all kinds are stored in our homes and can result in
serious injuries of not properly handled. Household items such as bleach can
result in harmful chlorine gas or hydrochloric acid if carelessly used. Gasoline
fumes from containers for lawnmowers or boats can result in major health
hazards if inhaled.

2. Mechanical hazards- (Repetitive movements, Poorly designed

equipment, Heavy lifting)
o moving machinery, for example a circular saw, where people could be
trapped in drive belts, cut in contact with the rotating blades or struck
by a piece of wood that is ejected out of the saw
o mobile equipment for example a tractor, where people could be
crushed when run over, entangled in moving parts of the engine or
drive shaft or the driver could be crushed if the vehicle turned over
o a sewing machine where fingers can be injured in the stabbing and
puncture movement of the needle

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 3. Ergonomic- ergonomic hazards impact employers and workers and their
families.
• Poor workplace design, awkward body mechanics or postures,
repetitive movements, and other ergonomic hazards induce or
contribute to a staggering number of cumulative trauma disorders.
• Cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) affect the hands, wrists, elbows,
arms, shoulders, the lower back, and the cervical spine area.
Structures involved include tendons, muscles, bones, nerves, and
blood vessels. One can plan strategies for abatement by learning to
recognize the hazards that contribute to CTD.

4. Psychological- the psychological hazard has recently been acknowledged in

legislation as a workplace hazard. This type of hazard relates to mental health
and behavioral disorders.

5. Radiation- Radiation Hazard ( RADHAZ) describes the hazards of

electromagnetic radiation to fuels, electronic hardware, ordinance, and
personnel. In the military these hazards are segregated as follows:
1. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP)
2. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordinance (HERO)
3. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel (HERF)

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 6. Physical- Physical Hazards are those substances which threaten your
physical safety. The most common types of physical hazards are:
• Fire
• Explosion/Noise
• Chemical reactivity
• Electricity
• Slipping on a wet floor

7. Environmental- environmental hazards in the global environment, water can

be polluted by chemicals and/or by toxic waste, something as simple as
pouring old engine oil down the drain will have this effect.
• air can be polluted from burning rubbish or emissions from chimneys
• excessive hot working conditions can cause heat exhaustion and
hyperthermia
• cold conditions may cause hyperthermia and in extreme cold there is
danger of frost

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Hazards may be encountered when using the sewing machine include:
• Cuts and injuries from sharp edges,
knife blades, scissors and pins
• Finger injuries while sewing
• Back injury from poor posture and
improper lifting procedures
• Eye strain from poor lighting

Things to do to Stay Safe in the Textile Laboratory

1. Ask question. If you are unsure of how to do something, ask first. There is no
such thing as silly question.

2. Ensure the iron is switched off when filled with water.

3. Walk, don’t run

4. Stay focused. Pay attention on what you are doing.

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5.If you notice a piece of equipment that appears to be damaged, notify your
teacher. ex. Defective cord

6.Thread the needle of your sewing machine

when the machine is off.

7.Comply with the school rules, no jewelry is to be worn. It can be caught in

machinery.

8.When machining, guide materials from the sides. Do not place fingers in front of
the presser foot.

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9.Wear correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Example: Leather shoes, no
loose clothing, no jewelry, hair tied back.

10.Clean as you go and at the end of the lessons ensure that your work space
and classroom are left clean and tidy.

What I Have Learned?

Self-Check 1.1

Direction: Enumerate the following. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. What are the types of Hazards?
2. What are the factors that influence the degree of risk?
3. Write the meaning of the following acronyms:
• PPE
• OSH
• RADHAZ
• HERP
• HERO
• HERF

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 What I Can Do?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Activity Sheet 1.1

Instructions:
A. Make a poster showing the types of hazards

1. Prepare a cartolina/manila paper/used calendar

2. In your cartolina/manila paper/used calendar, draw or make a poster
indicating the types of hazards
3. Discuss your poster

How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.

Remember it is your learning at stake!

Items to be rated 10 8 6 4 2
1. Ideas were clearly explained in the
drawing
2. All the hazards are seen in the poster
3. Present and explain the drawing well
4. Neatness of the drawing was observed
5. Presentation and uniqueness

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 2

Control Hazards and Risks

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Occupational Health and safety (OHS) procedures for
controlling hazards and risk are strictly followed.

What I Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the use of sewing
tools and equipment. Take this test.

What Is It?

Information Sheet 1.1

ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH AND PROTOCOL

Will exposure to hazards in the workplace always cause injury, illness, or

other adverse health effects?

The effects can be acute, meaning that the injury or harm can occur or be felt
as soon as a person comes in contact with the hazardous agent (e.g. a splash of
acid in a person’s eyes). Some responses to may be chronic (delayed). For example,
exposure to poison may cause red swelling on the skin two to six hours after contact
with the plant. On the other hand, longer delays are possible: mesothelioma, a kind
of cancer in the lining of the lung cavity, can develop over 20 years or more after
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exposure to asbestos. Once the hazard has removed or eliminated, the effects
maybe reversible or irreversible. For example, a hazard may cause an injury that can
heal completely (reversible) or result in an untreatable disease (irreversible).

Hazards and Risks in the Textiles Sector

The textiles sector contains many hazards and risks to workers, ranging from
exposure to noise and dangerous substances, to manual handling and working with
dangerous machinery. Each processing stage, from the production of materials to
the manufacturing, finishing, coloring. Occupational safety and health in the textiles
sector, packaging poses risks for workers, and some of these are particularly
dangerous for women’s health.

Exposure to Chemical Agents

Many different groups of chemical substances are used in the textiles sector,
including dyes, solvents, optical brighteners, crease-resistance agents, flame
retardants, heavy metals, pesticides and antimicrobial agents. They are used in
dyeing, printing, finishing, bleaching, washing, dry cleaning, weaving slashing/
sizing and spinning. Respiratory and skin sensitizers can be found in the textiles
industry, for example textiles fibres, reactive dyes, synthetic fibres, and formal
dehyde. The textile industry has been evaluated as a sector with an increased
carcinogenic risk. Several studies have showed an increased risk of nasal, laryngeal
and bladder cancer in women.

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 Exposure to Dusts and Fibres

The exposure of workers to dusts from material such as silk, cotton, wool,
flax, hemp, sisal, and jute can occur during weaving, spinning, cutting, ginning and
packaging. Division of tasks along gender lines may mean that women are exposed
to organic dusts more than men, with respiratory diseases being diagnosed more
often in women than men. Exposure to fibres and yarns may cause nasal or bladder
cancer.

Exposure to Biological Agents

In some activities, such as carding and willowing, workers may be exposed to

biological agents such as anthrax, clostridium tetanus (the causative agent for
tetanus), and coxiellaburnetti (which causes Q fever). Exposure to biological agents
can result in allergies and respiratory disorders.

Exposure to Physical Agents

Workers may be exposed to noise and vibrations, for example during

weaving, spinning, sewing, twisting and cutting. Exposure to loud noise can result in
permanent hearing damage such as noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus.
Exposure to vibration, particularly together with risk factors for MSDs, can lead to
long term harm. Electromagnetic fields may also be found in some workplaces in the
textiles sector. Accidents in the textiles sector. The textiles sector has many hazards
that can cause injury to workers, from transport in the workplace (lift truck)
dangerous large work equipment and plant, to the risk of slips from a wet working
environment. Workers being struck by objects, such as moving machinery parts and
vehicles area significant cause of injury in the sector. There also exist the risk of fire
and explosions, for example from heating plants used for vapour generation.

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 Psychosocial issues in the textiles sector. Work-related stress has been
defined as being experienced when the demands of the work environment exceed
the workers’ ability to cope with or control them. Work-related stress may be an issue
in some areas of the textiles sector, being associated for example with repetitive and
fast paced work and where the worker has no influence on how the job is done.

Hazard Management

One of the most important duties required by OHS law of all workers,
including volunteers is to keep the workplace as safe as possible. A good way to do
this is to use the 4 “SAFE” steps:

S-pot the Hazard

A-ssess the hazard
F-ix the hazard
E-valuate the result

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 What I Have Learned?

Self-Check 2.1

Directions: Identify if it is hazards or risks

____________________1. Electricals
____________________2. Sewing
____________________3. Spillage of wet substance
____________________4. Falls
____________________5. Scissor
____________________6. Pricks
____________________7. Needle
____________________8. Cutting cloth
____________________9. Cloth dust
____________________10. Fire

What I Can Do?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Activity Sheet 2.1

Film Viewing:

1. View any film that is related to Hazard/Risk in a workplace

2. Make a reaction paper regarding the film
A. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aB2H3qmO1YQ
B. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmaZBTMzkoY
C. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vy5oe-CLvmk
D. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSa71gZbTgQ

Guide Questions:

1. What is the video/film all about?

2. Have you seen any hazard or risk in the video/film? What are these?
3. Do you believe the dressmaker handled her task well as seen in the
video/film? Defend your answer.
4. What will be the role of a dressmaker in this type of possible hazard?

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 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.

Remember it is your learning at stake!

Items to be scored No. of points My score

1. Clarity of ideas 10
2. Evidence of critical thinking 20
3. Coherence of ideas 10
Total: 40

Post Assessment

Let us determine how much you have acquired content of the module. To
ensure your mastery of the basic information, answer the post test.

Read each sentence carefully and choose the letter of the best answer from the
choices below. Write your answer in your quiz notebook.

1. Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something

or someone under certain conditions at work.
A. Hazard C. Risk
B. Psychological D. Chemical
2. The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations
with property or equipment loss.
A. Psychological C. Ergonomics
B. Risk D. None of the above
3. Any substance that can cause harm, primarily to people.
A. Substance C. Chemical
B. Hazard D. Psychological
4. It has recently been acknowledged in legislation as a workplace hazard.
A. Risk C. Psychological
B. Ergonomics D. Chemical
5. Which of the following is an example of hazard?
C. Wet floor C. Cake
D. Flower D. Baby

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Directions: Identify if it is hazards or risks

__________________6. Electricals
__________________7. Trips
__________________8. Spillage of wet substance
__________________9. Falls
__________________10. Scissor
__________________11. Pricks
__________________12. Knife
__________________13. Cutting cloth/fabric
__________________14. Cloth dust
__________________15. Fire

Additional Activity

Responsibility for safety

Instructions:

Find out about anyone in your community/zone who has specific responsibility
for safety/DRRM Team. You may need to ask someone, mother, neighbor, DRRM
team from the Barangay. In your notebook, write down the informations that they do
as safety officers.

Congratulations! You did a great job!

Rest and relax for a while and then review
your answer. Good Luck!

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 Pretest: Self Check 2.1
1. A 1. Hazard
2. B 2. Risk
3. B 3. Hazard
4. C 4. Risk
5. A 5. Hazard
6. Hazard 6. Risk
7. Risk 7. Hazard
8. Hazard 8. Risk
9. Hazard 9. Hazard
10. Risk 10. Risk
What’ s In Activity: Activity Sheet 2.1
Answers may vary Answers may vary
Self Check 1.1: Post Assessment:
1. Chemical, Mechanical, 1. A
Ergonomic, Psychological, 2. B
Radiation, Physical, Environmental 3. B
2. a. How much a person is exposed to 4. C
a hazardous thing or condition 5. C
Answer Key

b. How the person is exposed 6. Hazard

c. How severe are the effects under 7. Risk
the conditions of exposure 8. Hazard
3. PPE- Personal Protective Equipment 9. Hazard
OSH-Occupational Health and Safety 10. Hazard
RADHAZ- Radiation Hazard 11. Risk
HERP-Hazards of Electromagnetic 12. Hazard
Radiation to Personnel 13. Risk
HERO- Hazards of Electromagnetic 14. Hazard
Radiation to Ordinance 15. Risk
HERF- Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation

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To Fuel
Activity sheet 1.1
Answers may vary
 REFERENCES

http://www.ccohs.ca/ohsanswers/hsprograms/hazard_risk.html

www.dehp-facts.com/CLab/CL_hazard.htm K to 12 Basic Education

Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education-
Dressmaking/Tailoring Module Pictures credit to the google images R

It is hoped that you have understood and mastered the competencies

covered in the Self-Learning Kit. The skills you have learned will be of great
help as you take part in the challenging demands of society.

The enriching experiences you have gained through this learning material
enable you to know more about yourself, especially your capabilities.
Hence, you are ready to extend your horizons.

Learning the essential competencies in TLE 7 Dressmaking is to prepare

you to become globally competitive in the future. As you meet the complex
demands of the global world, you stand confident because of the wide
range of competencies you have mastered which made you more
expressive of your thoughts and ideas.

Bringing up rear, as productive learners, you are equipped with the 21st
century skills which you need to be ready for tomorrow’s world.

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 Self-Learning M

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City

Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014

Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Website: https://depedmandaue.net

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