CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IMPLEMENTATION

 What should be implemented>

PLANNING  The planned curriculum should be

implemented.

 A curriculum planner can also be an

IMPLEMENTING
implementor.

 With a well written curriculum plan, a

EVALUATING teacher can execute with the help of
instructional materials, equipment
PLANNING resource materials and enough time.
 Initial step  Must see to it that the plan is executed
 Determining the needs through an correctly.
assessment  The skill and ability of the teacher are
 Needs would include those of the necessary.
learners, the teachers, the community  It is necessary that the intended goal
and the society outcome will be achieved.
 After the needs are identified, intended
outcomes are set
EVALUATION
 Intended outcomes should be SMART
 Evaluation follows implementation
 Find out in planning the ways to
achieving the desired outcomes  It is very necessary at this point to find
out if the plan curriculum was
 together with the methods and
implemented successfully and the
strategies are the identification of the desired learning outcomes were
support materials. achieved.
 All should be written and should  Curriculum evaluation as a big idea
include the means of evaluation. may follow evaluation models which
can be used for program and projects

The end product of planning is the written  When used for assessment of learning
document. more attention is given to levels of
assessment for the levels of the
Example:
learning outcomes as defined by the
1. Lesson plan DepEd.
2. Unit Plan
3. Syllabus
4. Course design What has been planned should be
5. Modules implemented and what has been
6. Books implemented should be evaluated.
7. Instructional guides
 (six years) to junior secondary education
(three years).

Primary (Elementary) Schools in China

Education in China starts as early as 1 to 3 years

of age in kindergarten, pre-schoolers then move
to Primary schools at the age of 6 or 7 years of
age that years. lasts for about 6 years.

Language: Mandarin Chinese

 60% of allocated time of instruction to

Chinese and Math (The Big Two)
CHINA
Young children are instructed in the following
The Ministry of Education's effort did not go to subjects:
waste as there is an estimate of 99% of children
in China who managed to complete the Art & Coloring
mandatory nine-year education. Music
Chinese
According to the government, there were a total Nature
of 492,185 students from countries across the Social Science
world studying in China in 2018 and this number Moral Values
increases rapidly each year. Foreign Language
Labor Studies
Numbering and Counting
CHINESE EDUCATION SYSTEM Exercise

 Rigorous and fiercely competitive,

SECONDARY EDUCATION
 Worked hard to develop an international
• Starts from 12 or 13 yrs old depending on the
reputation for excellence, particularly in
age they complete their primary education
math.
DURATION:
 Puts a lot of pressure on students.
 3 years of Junior HS
 Have nine-hour national higher education  3 years of Senior HS
entrance exam,
In some schools, 4 years of JHS and 2 or 3
 China is the infamous National Exam years of SHS.

 The pressure is so high.  Students will complete their secondary

education after 6 or 7 years of studying

 28 to 30 hours of classes per week

STRUCTURE OF THE CHINESE EDUCATION
SYSTEM  Three subjects that make up the core
curriculum are Chinese language,
In China, education is divided into three
English language and Mathematics.
categories: basic education, higher education,
and adult education.  Political studies are compulsory subject.
By law, each child must have nine years of  After the completion of junior (lower)
compulsory education from primary school secondary school, students can choose to
 enter either general (academic) senior  Offer various degree programs such as
secondary school or vocational senior bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees,
secondary school. as well as non-degree programs.

General (academic) senior secondary school:

lasts 3 years.
JAPAN
Vocational senior secondary school: lasts 3 or
4 years. BACKGROUND OF JAPAN

Students are required to take the National  Most densely populated countries in the
College Entrance Examination (NCEE), which world
will allow students to proceed to post-secondary
education.  3rd largest economy in the world

 considered a powerhouse of scientific

research, technological advances, and
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION industry.

 Offered at both the secondary and post-  Japan has ranked among the top
secondary levels. performers on PISA since 2000,
particularly in mathematics.
 Provide subject and occupation specific
education and training. Majority of its 127 million residents live on the
largest islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu,
 School is very job-oriented, and and Shikoku.
graduates usually go straight into the
workforce. Population is small in comparison to other
countries with 98% of people registered as
 Graduates of vocational secondary Japanese.
schools to take the NCEE and gain
admission to higher education. Many expats living in Japan are Filipino,
Chinese, Korean, and Brazilian.

Japanese people enjoy a high standard of living

TERTIARY EDUCATION as a result of an outstanding education system,
infrastructure, and disciplined culture based
 Higher education is provided by
on group harmony.
institutions of various types including
general and technical universities. Japan consistently performs well on major
education surveys, including the Programme for
 Entry to university depends primarily on International Student Assessment (PISA) and
how well the students perform in the the Trends in International Mathematics and
entrance examinations. Science Study (TIMSS).
 Students with outstanding academic Japan’s current Plan for the Promotion of
performance possibly be granted an Education outlines its policy priorities through
exemption from the entrance 2022.
examination.
The five major education priorities are:
 Some private institutions are exempted
from the NCEE (gaokao) and accept all 1. to support the development of emotional
students who can afford the tuition fees. intelligence and physical health in addition
to academic abilities;
 Entry to higher education in China is
highly competitive. 2. prepare students to participate and
innovate in the global economy;
 3. promote lifelong learning; The Japanese system differs from the other
systems in the emphasis they place on ethics and
4. expand safety nets for students, such as morals.
free access to early childhood education
and care; Their system includes:

5. and support the implementation of  6 years of elementary school

education policies through increased
access to classroom technology,  3 years of junior high
strengthened guidance systems, higher
 3 years of high school
qualifications for teachers, and other
factors.  4 years of university.

OBJECTIVES OF THE JAPANESE SCHOOL ELEMENTARY CURRICULUM

CURRICULUM
Elementary school curriculum covers Japanese,
The goal was to develop a “zest for living” and Social Studies, Mathematics, Science, Music,
foster creativity and self-expression. Arts and Handicrafts, Homemaking, and Physical
Manners before knowledge- they learn to be Education.
kind and respectful towards others including Once week moral education classes were
animals and plants. They learn qualities such as introduced.
self-control, empathy, and compassion.
Elementary school children spend a large share
there are NO EXAM till age of 10 years old: all of their time in school learning how to write and
they have to do is learn the basics of being read Japanese katagan, hiragana, and kanji.
kind and caring human beings and valuable
members of society. Most students learn the English alphabet in the
4th grade.

Students are expected to learn at least 1006

CURRICULUM OUTLINE IN JAPAN Chinese characters by the end of the 6th grade.
Instead of solely being a center for academic
education, they teach kids life skills and
discipline. JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

 Revised every 10 years Junior high school required subjects:

 All elementary, junior high, and high a. Japanese Language

schools are obliged to use textbooks b. Social Studies
c. Mathematics
 The detailed curriculum is controlled by d. Science
the National Course of Study. e. Foreign Language Elective (almost always
English)
 Japan has one of the leading systems of
f. Music
education.
g. Fine Arts
 Education in subjects of mathematics, h. Health and Physical Education
language, and now STEAM, coding, and i. Industrial arts or homemaking
robotics begins from an early age of 6 and
continues till 16 years, which is the age
cap on compulsory education in Japan.
HIGH SCHOOL ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

High School required subjects: Must hold an upper secondary school certificate,
12 years of school education (elementary and
a. Japanese Language secondary education)
b. Geography and History
c. Civics They must have passed the entrance
d. Mathematics examination.
e. Science
f. Health and Physical Education In the relevant country line (Baccalaureate in
g. Art France, Abitur in Germany, etc), they must have
h. Foreign Language passed the entrance examination-national
i. Home Economics entrance examination.
j. Information

STANDARDISED TEST IN JAPAN

HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN JAPAN
 The Japanese education system puts
The finances of Universities, Junior Colleges,
major importance on the standardized
Specialised Colleges, Graduate Schools, and
test as qualifiers for all levels of
College of Technology come under the
education.
jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education or
Monbusho.  The Ministry of Education in Japan
develops and produces standardized
It keeps hold of the main influence over the
statutory assessments at the end of
growth and development of higher education in
Grades 5, 6, and 9.
Japan.
School Timetable
The higher education in Japan begins after the
completion of 12 years education comprising, 6 Public schools: in Japan have classes five days
years of elementary education and 6 years of a week, from Monday to Friday.
secondary education (lower and upper secondary
schooling). Some schools have classes on Saturdays.

Equality in education is one of the modern In junior high and high schools, there are six class
educational norms of Japan. periods each day, typically lasting 50 minutes for
each.

After classes, students clean the classrooms in

HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS shifts and then start their club activities.
In Japan, there are five types of higher education There are a variety of clubs such as cultural and
institutions. These higher educational institutions sports ones.
are classified as national, local, public, and
private. School Timetable

Universities (Undergraduate) Academic Calendar

Junior Colleges
 Japan lay down its academic year from
Specialised/Professional Training Colleges
Colleges of Technology April to March
Graduate Schools, 1. First semester runs from April till
September

2. Second semester starts in October and

ends in March.
Regarding the Level of Education CULTURE CLUBS

• The level of Japanese education is high • School Band

even by world standards. In OECD’s Programme • School Choir
for International Student Assessment (PISA) • Drama
aimed at fifteen-year-olds, Japanese students • Art
recorded high levels of achievement, particularly • Literature
in science-related areas. • Kado (Japanese flower arrangement)
• Sado (Japanese tea ceremony)
• Enrollment in high schools, the second
• Shodo (Japanese calligraphy)
half of secondary education, reaches over 90%,
and college enrollments are also high reaching
over 50%. Admission to high schools and
GOOD THINGS THAT CAN ENHANCE
colleges is mainly through entrance exams, held
CURRICULUM IN THE PHILIPPINES
from January to March.
 They place on ethics and morals.

Foreign Language Education • The resources allocated to the schools are

utilized most efficiently.
 English is a compulsory subject in junior
high and high schools. • The teachers hired are dedicated and
exceptionally respected and paid well; this is a
• There are also elementary schools that sign of their high status in the community.
introduce English education from intermediate-
grade classes.

• In some high schools, apart from English, RESPONSIBILITY

students are also allowed to take courses in  An admirable feature of the Japanese
Chinese, Korean, French, German, etc. school system is their approach to
teaching responsibility from a very young
age. Students as young as 10 years old
STUDENT CLUBS are given chores and tasks to complete
• Student clubs are a characteristic part in around the school. It is a part of the
Japan’s school education. curriculum and not optional to accept and
• Students with the same interests in sports, reject the duties assigned.
cultural activities, or fields of study voluntarily
gather together after classes and on days off.
UNIFORMITY
SPORTS CLUBS
• Baseball  Uniformity in everything creates a sense
• Soccer of community between the students and
• Volleyball the teachers. It teaches discipline. The
• Basketball similarity in clothing and eating habits is
• Track and field something inherent to the Japanese
• Swimming culture.
• Judo
• Kendo (Japanese swordsmanship) MANNERS BEFORE KNOWLEDGE

 They learn to be kind and respectful

towards others including animals and
 plants. They learn qualities such as self- Elementary and middle schools are
control, empathy, and compassion. compulsory education.

SOUTH KOREA In accordance with the principle of equal

educational opportunity, all citizens receive
Introduction primary, secondary, and higher education
according to their abilities, regardless of their
Korea has traditionally placed great importance
social status or position.
on education as a means for self-fulfillment as
well as for social advancement The single track has been a characteristic of
the Korean education system, which maintains a
 one of the highest literacy rates in the
single ladder system of schooling to ensure that
world. every citizen can receive primary, secondary,
 Well-recognized fact that Korea's well- and tertiary education.
educated people

 have been the primary source of the rapid Preschool Education

economic growth that the nation has
achieved during the past six decades.  Optional for children aged 3-6 years,
preschool education.
The ministry of education (MOE) is the
government body responsible for the formulation Focuses on developing:
and implementation of educational policies.  social skills
 basic literacy
Education in South Korea is provided by public
 numeracy through play-based learning
as well as private institutions. And these
educational institutions acquire the support and
Primary Education
funding from the government.
 compulsory and spans six years (grades
1-6)
STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION
Foundation in subjects:
1. Preschool  Korean language
 Mathematics
2. Primary education
 Science
3. Middle education  social studies
 moral education
4. High school education
Middle Education
Additionally, there are tertiary institutions,
including universities and vocational schools,  Grades 7-9 and builds upon the primary
which play a crucial role in higher education. education foundation.
The government provides guidance on basic The curriculum includes a broader range of
policy matters as well as financial assistance. subjects:
 foreign languages
First academic semester : begins in March
Second academic semester: end of August.  fine arts
 physical education
Summer vacations: July to August  practical arts.

Winter vacation: December to February.

High School Education (3 yrs)
  Non-compulsory but highly valued as it Junior Colleges: 2- 4 years required for
prepares students for college entrance university graduation
exams. Universities: 4 years
Preparatory courses: 2 years
 Students can choose between general
high schools, which offer a broad The fields of medicine, traditional Asian
curriculum, or specialized high schools medicine, dental, veterinary medicine, and
focused on specific fields such as science, pharmacology: 6 years
foreign languages, or arts.

 Individuals who graduate from middle

schools or pass a qualification exam BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN SOUTH
and/or an assessment that offers KOREA
equivalent credits can be admitted into The curriculum is standardized so now both
high schools. boys and girls study technology and domestic
Four Types of High Schools science.
1. General High Schools The primary curriculum consists of:
2. Special-Purposed High Schools
3. Vocational High Schools 1. Principal subjects
4. Autonomous High Schools. 2. Moral education
3. Korean language
 Student selection procedures differ by 4. Social studies
school types and/or school location (eg, 5. Mathematics
metropolitan or provincial areas) 6. Science
7. Physical education
 Students are required to pay admission 8. Music
fees and tuition since high school is not 9. Fine arts
considered compulsory education in 10. Practical arts
Korea.
SPECIAL EDUCATION provides relative
curricula and services.
Tertiary Education
Example: counseling service, family support,
Admission to prestigious universities is highly treatment support assistant personnel support,
competitive and based on the national college supplementary technology support,
entrance exam. supplementary academic support etc.) to meet
the needs of students with diverse types of
Purposes of universities and colleges : disabilities and characteristics.

 To develop students' personality Compulsory education for individuals with

special needs:
 teach and research the profound
theories of science and arts necessary  Kindergarten
for the development of the nation and  Elementary school
human society (Article 28 of the Higher  Middle school
Education Act)  High school education
Higher education is provided to high school
graduates or individuals with equivalent academic in which free education is provided to children
abilities approved by relevant laws in Korea, and under three-year-olds as well as those who wish
a bachelor's degree or a professional license is to continue education in a specific major (i.e..
conferred to those who complete the curriculum. individuals with special needs who has a high
school diploma and wants to continue studying
career and vocation education).
CLASS HOURS IN SOUTH KOREA

• The time a student spends at school depends AUSTRALIA

on what school level they are in.
Introduction
Primary school: 8:00 am - 1.00 pm
 All young Australians should be taught,
Middle and high schoolers: 8:00 - 6:30. regardless of where they live in Australia
or their background.
The first 30 minutes at school are for self-
studying, during which the teacher checks  contributing to a democratic, equitable
attendance and takes care of administrative and just society that is prosperous,
matters. cohesive and culturally diverse.

 third-largest provider of education to

international students
Why South Korea has the best education
system? The rationale for the introduction of the Australian
Curriculum centers on improving the quality,
Undoubtedly, South Korea is one of the countries
equity and transparency of Australia's
that comes to mind when we talk about globally
education system.
recognized education systems.

 A disciplined and rigorous approach

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
 Coupled with outstanding performance in
international tests, makes South Korea a Considered one of the best education systems in
widely studied and seemingly exemplary the world, for both domestic and international
model. students.

 It enjoys high standards, a comprehensive

curriculum, and highly qualified teachers.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM OF SOUTH KOREA Formal schooling in Australia is divided into
four educational stages:
Memorization is emphasized while creativity is
1. Early childhood education
overlooked.
2. Primary education
High international performance is achieved at 3. Secondary education
the expense of the pressure exerted on students. 4. Tertiary education

Academic rigor and the high pressure placed

on students to excel and achieve outstanding Basic Education Curriculum
results.
The Australian Curriculum includes: eight key
learning areas:
1. English
2. Mathematics
3. Science
4. Humanities and Social Sciences
5. Health and Physical education
6. Languages
 7. Technologies and the Arts In some states, students can drop out at Year 10
to enroll for vocational training and pursue an
apprenticeship.

Subjects taught include, mathematics, science,

history, languages, geography, the arts, health
and physical education, information and
Focus of the Curriculum communication technology, civics and citizenship,
economics and business.
The Australian Curriculum aims to help ensure all
young Australians are equipped with the skills,
knowledge and capabilities that provide a Higher Education
foundation for successful and lifelong learning
and participation in the Australian community. It's divided into two sectors:
1. Vocational education and training (VET)
2. Universities
Classes in Australia

 From 8:45 to 3:00 pm Monday to Friday. Vocational Education Training

It is designed to expedite entry into a job after

In a typical school day, there are five to eight
graduation.
lessons, ranging from 40 minutes to one hour.
Courses are provided by government-funded
There are two breaks in the school day- a
Technical and Further Education (TAFE)
morning tea break (recess), and a lunch break,
institutions, adult and community education
both of which are supervised by teachers.
centres, and private registered training
organisations (RTO).

FOUR EDUCATIONAL STAGES • VET qualifications range across four levels of

certificates (Certificate I, II, III and IV), as well as
Early Childhood (ages 4-5) Diploma courses and Advanced Diploma courses
• Kindergarten is officially the first stage of formal
schooling.

Undergraduate study
AIM:
Student's study for a bachelor's degree as initial
 teach children to work with others.
preparation for a professional career of their
 make friends.
choice.
 express their creativity.
 build communication skills. Completing a bachelor's degree involves a
 the reading, writing and numeracy skills. minimum of three years of full-time study.
 However, some institutions offer a fast-track
system to complete a degree in two years.
Primary school education (ages six to 11)

It focuses on developing essential literacy, Post Graduate Study

numeracy, intellectual and social-emotional skills.
• Knowledge about the world around them is also Graduate certificate:
taught. • After completing a bachelor's degree, with
another six months of study, you can earn a
graduate certificate.
Secondary school education (ages 12 to 18)
Graduate diploma:
 Grade 7 to 12
• After a further 12 months 12. Australian assessment is well-designed and
• The purpose is to take the first step towards a promotes quality feedback.
full master's degree.

Master's degree: 1-2 yrs

• It can take one or two years to complete.
• It's usually a specialized course of independent AUSTRALIAN, STATE AND TERRITORY
research or traditional coursework, but usually a GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITIES
combination of both.
The Australian Government, primarily through the
Doctoral degree: 3 yrs Department of Education and Training (DET),
• The highest award on offer at Australian provides:
universities.
• Typically takes three years to complete. • funding and regulation support to early
childhood education and care centres such as
preschools and kindergartens
Alternative Education in Australia
• partial funding of government schools and
• Homeschooling majority funding for non-government schools
• Distance education
• Bush Schools • supplementary funding for VET partial funding
• Blended learning for the operation of public universities through
• Adult education grants, scholarships and special purposes such
as for teaching and research programs
15 Best Features of Australian Education

1. Australian education is student focused.

Responsibilities for childcare and preschool
2. Australian education develops students' minds are also shared between the Australian, State,
and bodies. and Territory Governments, as follows:

3. Australian students are taught to think and how Australian Government administers fee subsidies
to learn. for childcare

4. Australian teachers promote active learning. Australian Government supports specialized

preschool for Indigenous Australians
5. Australian teachers build strong and caring
relationships with their students. State and Territory Governments are responsible
for pre- school policy and funding.
6. Australian education is personalized and
equitable. Pre-school education is delivered using a variety
of funding and delivery models, including private
7. Australian education provides pastoral care to provision.
those in need.
Primary and secondary schools in Australia are
8. Australian education is varied, giving students either government or privately funded.
access to numerous disciplines.

9. Australian students have access to portals and

learning management systems. The Australian Government is responsible for:

10. Australian students do most of their study on • allocating funding to States and Territories to
their own computers. support service delivery and reform to meet
nationally agreed outcomes
11. Australian students have access to useful
software and applications. • Ensuring that the funding arrangements for the
non- government school sector and schools are
consistent with, and support the responsibilities of
the States and Territories in regulation,
educational quality, performance, and reporting
on educational outcomes

• leading Australia's international engagement on EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

educational matters including international
assessment programs. The US education system consists of 12 years
of elementary and secondary education before
students can advance to post-secondary
USA education.

School calendar: August or September and

Introduction
continues through to May or June.
State and Local governments = responsible for
Academic year is composed of three terms also
education
known as semesters.
While there are different laws and initiatives,
The first semester is from September to
children in schools in the US generally follow the
December followed by a short holiday break
US curriculum.
between semesters.
This is a curriculum based on American
The second semesters is from January to May
Common Core State Standards for English
The last semester is a summer holiday break.
Language, Arts Math, History, Geography and
Next Generation Science. Post-secondary students can be on summer
break from June to August
 Helps to prepare students for college and
work.

Elementary and Secondary (K-12) Education

TEACHING METHOD Early Childhood: age 2-5
The teaching style in the USA is based on Focuses:
interactive learning, and professors encourage  Motor skills
students to  Early Math
 actively participate in class discussions  Language
 Vocabulary
 brainstorming sessions, and debates  Problem solving

The class size is usually smaller and develops a Elementary School: Runs for 6-7 years starting
closer relationship between the teachers and in Kindergarten through Grade 5 or 6
students, prompting personalized mentorship.
Focuses:
Assessment methods
 Reading an understanding
 assignments
 Writing
 presentations
 Relationship skills
 projects
 Math skills
 exams
 Language
 encouraging students to develop
teamwork. Middle School: Runs for 2-3 years starting in
 communication Grade 6 or 7 through to Grade 8
 critical thinking skills.
Focuses:
 Math problems
  Problem solving 4. Institute of Technology
 Learning, reading and writing complicated  Specialize in engineering, technology,
texts. applied science and natural sciences.

High School: Runs for 4 years starting in Grade Levels of Education Qualifications
9 through to Grade 12
The US has various qualifications students can
Focuses: achieve while they study stateside. They are
 Algebra grouped into
 Geometry
 Challenging texts Associate degree: 2 year program
 Building arguments Bachelor’s degree: 4 years to complete
 Understanding vocabulary
 College preparation Masters: 1-2 years

Doctoral:
Total = 12 yrs

FOCUS OF THE CURRICULUM

Once a student has completed Grade 12, they will
receive a high school diploma Students must  Helping students discover the subjects
complete secondary school (high school) to where they excel and make most of their
qualify for post-secondary education. talents.
Public education in the US is generally free,
 Promoting creativity, critical thinking and
however, students may come across some fees
social skills.
including field trips, uniforms, books, etc.

Post-Secondary Education

The US has more than 4,500 post-secondary

institutions. The US is unique as their institutions
are not centrally organized but are accredited on
a national or regional level.

There are many different types of post- secondary

education systems within the US.

1. State College or University

 Affordable
 Have a wide range of degree programs
available.

2. Private College or University

 Smaller class sizes
 Smaller list of degree programs but have
options to customize their degrees

3. Community College
 A two-year associate degree
programs/certifications.