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    Worksheet4 4soln

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    Sabarinadhan

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    Worksheet4 4soln

    Uploaded by

    Sabarinadhan
    7 views2 pages

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    worksheet4.4soln

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    7 views2 pages

    Worksheet4 4soln

    Uploaded by

    Sabarinadhan

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    INHOMOGENEOUS ODES

    1. True or False
    (1) If y1 and y2 are two solutions to the inhomogeneous equation ay 00 + by 0 + cy = f (x), then their
    difference y1 − y2 is a solution of the homogeneous equation ay 00 + by 0 + cy = 0.
    True. Plug in y1 − y2 to the given equation. You get a(y1 − y2 )00 + b(y1 − y2 )0 + c(y1 − y2 ) =
    ay100 + by10 + cy1 − ay200 − by20 − cy2 = f (x) − f (x) = 0, so y1 − y2 solves the homogeneous equation.

    (2) The differential equation y 00 − sin yy 0 + 2y = 0 is a linear equation.


    False - The problem is the sin y term appearing in the coefficient of y 0 .

    (3) The differential equation x3 y 00 + 2(ln x)y 0 − 6x3 3y = 0 is a linear equation.


    True. The coefficients of y 00 , y 0 , and y are functions of x only.

    (4) The principle of superposition says that if y1 is a solution of ay 00 + by 0 + cy = f (t) and y2 is a solution
    of ay 00 + by 0 + cy = g(t), then y1 + y2 is a solution of ay 00 + by 0 + cy = f (t) + g(t).
    True. This follows from the principle as stated in the book by taking c1 = c2 = 0.
     
    y(0)
    (5) If y is a solution to the equation ay 00 + by 0 + cy = 0, then the linear map y 7→ from the
    y 0 (0)
    solution space of this equation to R2 is one-to-one and onto.
    True. This is a fancy way of stating the Existence-Uniqueness theorem. The map is onto by the
    existence of solutions part of the theorem. It is one-to-one by the uniqueness part. Note that this
    also implies that the space of solutions is 2-dimensional (since the solution space is isomorphic to
    R2 ).
    (6) The solution set of a homogeneous equation forms a vector space.
    False, since the equation is not necessarily linear. If the equation is linear, then it is true.

    (7) The solution set of an inhomogeneous equation forms a vector space.


    False. This is false even if the equation is linear! However, in the linear case, the solution set forms
    an affine space.
    (8) The method of undetermined coefficients can be used to find a solution to the equation 2y 00 +4y 0 −2y =
    e2t
    t2 .
    False. We don’t know how to make a guess when the right hand side involves negative powers of t.

    (9) The method of variation of parameters can be used to solve the equation y 00 + et y 0 − t2 y = sin t.
    True. Variation of parameters works even when the coefficients are not constants. This is discussed
    in the exercises to 4.6.
    (10) If the motion of a spring is described by the equation ay 00 + by 0 + cy = 0, and b > 0 is very large,
    then the spring will come to rest quickly.
    True. The coefficient b is to be interpreted as a “damping factor”, the damping caused perhaps by
    dropping the apparatus into a bowl of oatmeal. And you know what they say: “when the oatmeal’s
    thick, the spring stops quick!”

    2. Guessing Wisely
    For each of the following equations, guess the form of the particular solution according to the guidelines
    for the method of undetermined coefficients. Then choose two of the examples and determine the coefficients.
    (1) y 00 + 5y 0 + 6y = 2e−x
    (2) y 00 + 5y 0 + 6y = sin x
    1
    2 INHOMOGENEOUS ODES

    (3) y 00 − y 0 − 6y = xex
    (4) y 00 − y 0 − 6y = xe3x
    (5) y 00 = 3x − 2 (I know, you can do this by integrating, but write down the appropriate guess anyway)
    (6) y 00 − 4y 0 + 4 = e2x cos x
    (7) y 00 − y 0 − 2y = sin x + x2 + x [Use the principle of superposition]

    3. Variation of Parameters
    Find the general solution
    (1) y 00 + 5y 0 + 6y = 2e−x (This is also problem (1) in part 2 - you should try solving it both ways)
    (2) y 00 + y = tan x + e3x − 1

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