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    Medicalslps Dysphagiaandnormalswallowhandout

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    Medicalslps Dysphagiaandnormalswallowhandout

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    of 7

    DYSPHAGIA

    HANDOUTS

    © 2021 MEDICAL SLPS LLC.


    Copyright © 2021 Medical SLPs LLC.

    All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, published, translated,
    modified or transmitted in any form or by any means, (beyond the limits set forth in the following
    sentence) including photocopying, recording, and/or other electronic or mechanical methods, without
    the prior written permission of the publisher. Purchasers may make copies of pages from this book and
    share content with clients, caregivers, and coworkers for sole clinical and patient use. Reproduction and
    distribution of any content from this book for other clinicians, classmates, friends, professionals or,
    resale of any reproduced material, is strictly prohibited.

    E-mail: [email protected]
    Website: www.medicalslps.com

    © 2021 MEDICAL SLPS


    Disclaimer: This publication is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not
    intended as, and shall not be understood as or substituted for, professional advice. The use or reliance
    of any content in this bundle is solely at your own risk and under no circumstance shall the owner, its
    subsidiaries, affiliates, suppliers and/or employees have any liability to you for any type of loss or
    damage of any kind incurred as a result of the use or reliance on any information from this material.
    While best efforts have been used to write, prepare, and edit the content in this bundle, the author
    makes no representations or warranties and shall not be liable or responsible for any information in
    this bundle that is not accurate, complete or current, as well as any information that may include
    inaccuracies, typographic errors, and/or misrepresentations. Purchasers are recommended to confirm
    the accuracy of all information, content, and activities included in this bundle. Although created to
    support and guide clinicians, the author can not and does not guarantee any particular results or
    outcomes when using any information retrieved from this download. Images of people in this
    download are stock photography models; these people do not endorse, represent, nor are they
    affiliated with Medical SLPs, or any products, publications, or resources associated with, or provided
    by Medical SLPs. The photographs have been selected to create sample therapy materials and Medical
    SLPs is in compliance with the terms of third party license agreements. Any patient examples
    discussed throughout this book are fictitious, and are used for general instructional purposes only.

    © 2021 MEDICAL SLPS


    WHAT IS DYSPHAGIA?
    Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder. COMMON CAUSES
    • Individuals may have trouble swallowing…
    Food, liquids, and/or saliva

    • Dysphagia has many causes and may be…


    Temporary or permanent

    Types of Dysphagia OF DYSPHAGIA

    ORAL OROPHARYNGEAL ESOPHAGEAL  Neurological


    May have difficulty May have difficulty May have difficulty (E.g., Stroke, Traumatic
    chewing &/or initiating the passing food Brain Injury, Parkinson’s
    transporting food swallow &/or through esophagus
    Disease, Dementia, etc.)
    down to the throat. clearing the throat. & into stomach.

     Respiratory
    Treatment and Management (E.g., Pneumonia,
    Speech-Language Pathologists evaluate and COPD, etc.)
    treat swallowing disorders. Treatment will vary
     Cancer
    based on the type of dysphagia, signs and
    (E.g., Head/Neck,
    symptoms, etiology, medical history, cognitive
    function of the individual, as well as other Chemotherapy, etc.)

    factors. Dysphagia therapy may include: diet


     Gastrointestinal
    modifications, therapeutic exercise, and/or
    (E.g., Reflux Disease,
    compensatory strategies.
    GERD, Blockage, etc.)
    Dysphagia may lead to serious medical conditions
    such as: malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, poor
     Acute Infections
    appetite, aspiration pneumonia, choking, and/or death. (E.g., Sepsis, Urinary
    Tract Infections,

    JUNE IS DYSPHAGIA AWARENESS MONTH Encephalopathy, etc.)

    © 2021 MEDICAL SLPS


    DYSPHAGIA
    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
    Food or liquid spillage from mouth, lips, and/or nose
    Coughing before, during, and/or after swallowing
    Persistent throat clearing during meals
    Food residuals that remain on tongue
    Shortness of breath during chewing or swallowing
    Difficulty and/or excessive chewing
    Pain or discomfort when swallowing
    Pocketing food/residuals remaining in cheeks
    Wet vocal quality during and/or after eating/drinking
    Avoidance of food, poor appetite, and/or unexplained weight loss

    What is Aspiration?
    Aspiration is when food, liquid, saliva, and /or other particles enter the airway.
    Aspiration may develop into a serious medical condition called aspiration
    pneumonia. Individuals with oropharyngeal dysphagia are typically at a
    higher risk of developing aspiration pneumonia.

    What is Silent Aspiration?


    Some people who aspirate do not have visible symptoms. These individuals
    may or may not be aware of deficits. Objective testing, such as an X-ray of the
    swallow, may be warranted to identify presence of silent aspiration.

    If you or your loved one is experiencing trouble swallowing contact your physician
    or seek emergency medical assistance.

    JUNE IS DYSPHAGIA AWARENESS MONTH

    © 2021 MEDICAL SLPS


    DYSPHAGIA AND ORAL CARE
    Keep the oral cavity clean!
    ̣ Reduces risk of bacteria, pneumonia, and other conditions
    itions

    ̣ Individuals with dysphagia are at a higher risk for poor


    or oral hygiene

    General Oral Care Guidelines Individuals with Dentures


    - Sit upright or stand during oral care - Use soft brush to clean

    - Remove remaining food particles - Brush & rinse dentures

    - Use toothbrush whenever possible - Soak dentures in disinfectant

    - Brush teeth, tongue, and gums


    Mouth care especially
    - Rinse mouth with water
    important for individuals
    - Repeat frequently and as needed who are NPO!

    Xerostomia: medical term for dry mouth

    Use a toothbrush instead of a toothette!


    If individual is unable to use a regular toothbrush, other alternatives may be
    used. Contact a Speech Pathologist or Dentist for more assistance.

    © 2021 MEDICAL SLPS


    SAFE SWALLOWING

    Signs & Symptoms Guidelines Swallow Strategies Oral Care

    Signs & Symptoms Safe Swallow Strategies


    - Coughing during/after meals - Sit upright as much as tolerated
    - Difficulty chewing - Take small bites and/or sips
    - Spitting out food/drink - Oral care before and after meals
    - Throat clearing during meals - Take one bite and/or sip at a time
    - Wet vocal quality when eating
    - If individual begins to cough, wait for them
    - Loss of food/liquid from mouth Make sure to stop coughing before another bite or sip
    - Shortness of breath during meals individual is
    ALERT enough - If individual is choking or appears short of
    - Pocketing of food in cheeks
    to eat or drink breath, get help immediately
    - Residuals remaining in mouth

    Oral Care Consult with a Speech Language Pathologist


    to determine individualized swallow strategies
    - At least once per day
    - Essential for those with dysphagia
    - Use a toothbrush Feeding Guidelines
    - Clean teeth, tongue, and around mouth - Make sure correct meal was provided
    - Even elders with dentures should brush
    - Use verbal instructions even if resident non-verbal
    gums & clean dentures 2+ times per day
    - Reposition resident to be upright
    Modifying Diets - Feed resident sitting down at eye level
    May help reduce signs & symptoms
    - Reduce distractions in environment
    Modified Diets Thickened Liquids
    - Fill spoon about halfway with food
    • Mechanical/Chopped • Nectar/Mildly Thick
    • Ground/Minced • Honey/Moderately Thick - Make sure each bite is swallowed
    • Pureed/Smooth • Pudding/Extremely Thick - Monitor for signs/symptoms of dysphagia

    © 2021 MEDICAL SLPS

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