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Evaluation of fungicides against Sclerotium rolfsii incitant of collar rot disease

of chickpea

Article · November 2023

DOI: 10.5958/0974-0163.2023.00021.6

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 doi: 10.5958/0974-0163.2023.00021.6

Evaluation of fungicides against Sclerotium rolfsii incitant

of collar rot disease of chickpea
Priyanka Kumari1, Ramesh Nath Gupta*1,ShyamBabu Sah2 and Shambhu Prasad3

1
Department of Plant pathology, Bihar Agriculture College, BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur
2
Department of Entomology, Mandan Bharti Agriculture College, Agwanpur, Saharsa, BAU,
Sabour
3
Department of Agronomy, Bihar Agriculture College, BAU, Sabour,Bhagalpur
*Correspondence email: [email protected]
Date of Receipt: 19-12-2022; Date of Accepted: 3-8-2023

ABSTRACT
Chickpea is an important legume grown throughout the world. Collar rot disease incited by Sclerotium rolfsii is an
important economic disease of chickpea and causes 10-30% yield loss. Under favorable weather circumstances such as
heavy rainfall and soil temperature (25-30°C) disease can cause 55-95% mortality at the seedling stage. It is more
prevalent and causes heavy yield loss when chickpea are sown after harvesting rice having stubbles in fields. For the
management of this destructive pathogen, different fungicides were evaluated under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In
vitro evaluation of fungicides in three concentrations (100, 200, and 300 ppm), the combination fungicide (carbendazim
12% + mancozeb 63%) was found most effective in inhibiting complete mycelial growth of S. rolfsii at each concentration.
Under in vivo evaluation, seed treatment with a combination fungicide (carbendazim12% + mancozeb63%) @ 2 gm/kg
seed was found most effective in controlling collar rot disease as well as enhanced yield attributing traits and yield.
Minimum disease incidence (9.69 %) and highest seed yield (1339.91kg/ha) were recorded with the treatment of combination
fungicide (carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63%) as compared to control (22.49 %) and (1094.96 kg/ha), respectively.

Key words: Collar rot, Sclerotium rolfsii, Chickpea

Chickpea is India’s oldest and most population, such as cardiovascular disease

widely cultivated pulse crop. It is the third most prevention, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-
significant legume crop in the world. Chickpea inflammatory action (Kaur and Prasad, 2021).
is an economical and highly valued crop due to Despite the high nutritive, economic value and
its nutritional and medicinal properties. Chickpea large acreage, production, and productivity of
is valued for its high protein content (20-25%) crop is low in the state as well as in the country.
(Srividya et al., 2018), which can be affordable Several biotic and abiotic stresses during crop
for low-income families and vegetarians and have growth stages resulted in low productivity of
various health benefits for the world’s growing chickpeas in the country. Among biotic stresses,

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 Evaluation of fungicides against Sclerotium rolfsii incitant of collar rots disease of chickpea

collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is one of carbendazim, carboxin, carbendazim +

the most destructive diseases and causes heavy mancozeb @ 2 gm/kg seed and carboxin @ 2
losses. Management of collar rot fungus is very gm/kg seed + T. harzianum@ 6 gm/kg seed
difficult due to its nature, long-term survival, and prior to sowing in the field. All other cultural and
wider host range. Keeping in view of the pest control practices were followed as
seriousness and economic losses caused by the recommended in a package of practices.
pathogen, the present study was carried out to
evaluate the efficacy of fungicides under both Disease incidence (%), yield, and yield
in vitro and in vivo conditions. attributing characters were recorded.

Materials and Methods The yield loss (%) was calculated by the
following formula:
In vitro, evaluation of the efficacy of
different fungicides viz., carbendazim 50% WP, T-C
Yield loss (%) = –––––– × 100
carboxin 75%WP, mancozeb 75% WP and C
carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP on
mycelial growth of the pathogen of collar rot Where;
disease was conducted by poison food technique T = Seed weight of treated plant
given by Mayer (1962). The concentrations of
fungicides (100, 200, 300 ppm) were made in C = Seed weight of control plant
double strength. Seven days old mycelial disc of Results and Discussion
5 mm size was centrally inoculated after
solidification of medium with the help of a cork The efficacy of four fungicides in
borer in each petri plate and incubated at 26±2ºC vitro conditions for inhibition of mycelial growth
up to mycelial growth reached the periphery of of S. rolfsii was evaluated by standard
control plates. All treatments were conducted in procedures of poison food technique. The
CRD design with four replications and PDA results depicted in Table 1 showed that all
medium without any treatment was served as fungicides inhibited differential mycelial growth
control. The % inhibition of mycelia growth at different levels of concentrations.
over control was calculated by using the formula In vivo evaluation of efficacy of four
given by Vincent (1947). fungicides viz., carbendazim 50% WP, carboxin
In vivo evaluation of fungicides under 75% WP, carbendazim (12%) + mancozeb
field conditions was conducted at Pulse’s (63%) and carboxin + T. harzianum were
research farm, Bihar Agricultural University, evaluated with variety JG62 under field
Sabour. The experiment was conducted in plot conditions. The data of results depicted
size 3m × 5m rows and spacing 30 cm × 10 cm in Table 2 revealed that treatment of seed with
with variety JG62. An experiment was laid out carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% was found
in factorial RBD with 4 replications to assess most effective and showed minimum disease
the efficacy of different fungicides. Seeds were incidence.
treated with different fungicides viz.,

43
Priyanka Kumari, Ramesh Nath Gupta, Shyam Babu Sah and Shambhu Prasad

Table 1. Evaluation of efficacy fungicides in vitro

SEm(±) 0.73 2.21 1.81 0.39 16.35
conditions against Sclerotium rolfsii.
CD (p=0.05) 2.27 6.91 5.63 1.22 50.94
Fungicides Per cent inhibition of Mean
mycelial growth at CV (%) 9.70 10.64 8.59 4.34 2.67
different concentrations
100 ppm 200 ppm 300 ppm Present investigations regarding in vitro
Carbendazim 0.00 12.06 55.28 22.44 evaluation of fungicides, combination fungicide
(50% WP) carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% at all three
Carboxin 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 concentrations was found most effective and
(75% WP) completely inhibited the growth of mycelium
Mancozeb 72.23 100.00 100.00 90.74
followed by mancozeb. These results were
(75% WP) validated with the findings of Yaqub and Shahzad
(2006), Shirsole et al. (2019), and Sangeeta et
Carbendazim 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
(12%) + al. (2022). In vivo evaluation under field
Mancozeb conditions, seed treatment with carbendazim
(63%) 12% + mancozeb 63% showed minimum
Control 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 disease incidence (9.69%) followed by
carboxin + T.harzianum (10.97%), and
Mean 54.45 62.41 71.06
maximum disease incidence was recorded by
SE(±) 1.43 0.59 0.07 carbendazim (16.95%). The highest yield
C.D.(p=0.01) 4.36 1.82 0.22 (1339.91 kg/ha) was observed with the
treatment of carbendazim 21% + mancozeb
CV (%) 5.26 1.92 0.20
63% followed by the treatment of carboxin + T.
*Mean of four replications harzianum (1314.03 kg/ha). This treatment
Table 2. Effect of fungicides on collar rot disease showed maximum increase in yield attributing
incidence, yield and yield attributes. traits viz., plant height (49.14 cm), number of
pods (48.54), and test weight (19.25). Similar
Treatment PDI Plant No. of Test Yield
height pod/ weight (kg/ results were also reported by Ahsan et
(cm) plant (gm)* ha) al. (2020).
Carbendazim 16.95 39.24 37.16 17.50 1139.86 References
50% WP
Ahsan, M. S., M. Minnatullah and J. P. Upadhyay (2020).
Carboxin 14.98 43.02 43.40 18.75 1243.01 Management of chickpea collar rot by integration
75% WP of biological and chemical seed treatment. Journal
Carbendazim 9.69 49.14 48.54 19.25 1339.91 of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(4): 42-46.
(12%) + Kaur, R. and K. Prasad (2021). Technological, processing
Mancozeb and nutritional aspects of chickpea (Cicer
(63%) arietinum) - A review. Trends in Food Science &
Carboxin 10.97 43.46 46.24 17.75 1314.03 Technology, 109: 448-463.
(2g) +T. Mayer, C.R. (1962). Response of selected Rhizoctonia
harzianum solani isolates to different soil chemical tests.
(6 g) Phytopathology, 59: 19.
Control 22.49 33.46 35.01 16.50 1094.96 Sangeeta, N., H.V. Prabhu and G. Balol (2022). In vitro
Mean 15.01 41.67 42.07 17.95 1226.35 evaluations of fungicides against Sclerotium rolfsii

44
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Evaluation of fungicides against Sclerotium rolfsii incitant of collar rots disease of chickpea

Sacc. causing collar rot of chickpea. International using Cultural and Morphological Traits.
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Shirsole, S.S., N. Khare, N. Lakpale and A.S. Kotasthane
(2019). Evaluation of fungicides against Sclerotium Vincent, J.M. (1947). Deterioration of fungal hyphae in
rolfsii Sacc. incitant of collar rot of chickpea. the presence of certain inhibitors. Nature, 15: 850.
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Srividya, P.V., M.L. Ahamed, J.V. Ramana, and S.K. in vitro growth of Sclerotium rolfsii. Pakistan
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rolfsiiSacc. causing Collar Rot in Chickpea Isolates

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