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Module Test Answers: Introduction To Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance

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Module Test Answers: Introduction To Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance

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Module Test Answers

INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS AND PATTERNS OF


INHERITANCE
1. What is the genotype of a woman with red-green color blindness?
XbXb
2. Which defines an organism that is homozygous for a trait?
has two of the same alleles for a trait
3. What is the effect of sickle-cell anemia?
inefficient oxygen transportation
4. What is the function of a pedigree?
A diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through generations.
5. Which is the ratio of pea plant offspring with recessive green seeds if both parents
are hybrids?
1:4
6. Which of the following causes genetic recombination? Select all that apply.
crossing over, independent assortment
7. The process of breeding closely-related organisms to eliminate undesirable traits
in future generations is called __.
inbreeding
8. Breeding a dog that has a good sense of smell with another dog that will retrieve
game birds to produce offspring with both desirable traits is an example of __.
hybridization
9. Genetic variation can occur during meiosis because of the process of __ __.
crossing over
10. A person who is a heterozygous for albinism is called a(n) __.
carrier
11. Use the blank Punnett square below to show the parent alleles and possible
offspring genotype(s) of a test cross between a heterozygous purple pea plant and
a homozygous-recessive white pea plant.
p p
P Pp Pp
p pp pp
12. The possibility for either green or yellow seeds in pea plants is an example of
possible __.
alleles

Module 10 • Introduction to Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance

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13. The allele pairs of an individual organism are called its __.
genotype
14. An intermediate heterozygous phenotype between two homozygous phenotypes
is called __ __.
incomplete dominance
15. The Punnett square below examines the freckles allele. Describe the genotypes
and phenotypes of the two parents that produce the four possible gamete
combinations in the Punnett square.
? ?
? FF Ff
? Ff ff
The phenotype of both parents is freckles. The genotype of both parents is Ff
(heterozygous for freckles).
16. A child is born with type A blood. Infer the possible genotypes of the child’s
parents.
Answers will vary. Both parents could be homozygous or heterozygous for type A
blood. Another possibility is that one parent could be homozygous or heterozygous
for type A blood, and the second parent could have type O blood.
17. A yellow round pea was crossed with another yellow round pea. Discuss the
probabilities of all the possible phenotypes of the next generation represented by
the genetic cross of the Punnett square.
YR Yr yR yr
YR YYRR YYRr YyRR YyRr
Yr YYRr YYrr YyRr Yyrr
yR YyRR YyRr yyRR yyRr
yr YyRr Yyrr yyRr yyrr
Round, yellow seeds: 9:16; round, green seeds: 3:16; wrinkled, yellow seeds: 3:16;
wrinkled, green seeds: 1:16
18. Explain Mendel’s law of segregation.
Answers may vary. Mendel’s law of segregation states that the two alleles for each
trait separate during gamete formation and unite again during fertilization.
19. A cross between a homozygous, white-haired horse and a homozygous, black-
haired horse produces offspring that all are the same color, but they are neither
black nor white. Interpret the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation
offspring.
The phenotype is a mixture of black and white hairs (a color called roan). The
genotype reveals a codominance between the two traits, and this codominance could
be represented by the genotype BW.

Module 10 • Introduction to Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance

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Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
20. Identify the genotypes of the offspring in the pedigree.

II1: homozygous for Tay-Sachs disease; II2: homozygous for not carrying the Tay-
Sachs disease gene; II3: homozygous for not carrying the Tay-Sachs disease gene
21. Describe gene linkage.
Answers may vary. Genes located close to each other on the same chromosome are
linked to each other and travel together during gamete formation. Linked genes do
not segregate independently and are an exception to Mendel’s law of independent
assortment.

Module 10 • Introduction to Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance

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Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

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