ED5340 - Data Science: Theory at h y

and Practise a p
gan
th u
M u
a n
th
L4 - Conditional statements
m a and
n a Loops
Ra

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy (https://ed.iitm.ac.in/~raman)

Course web page: https://ed.iitm.ac.in/~raman/datascience.html
Moodle page: Available at https://courses.iitm.ac.in/
Decision control (if - elif - else)
colon and indentation

if condition: if condition: if condition1:

st1 st1 h y statements
pat
a
st2 st2 an elif condition2:
th ug
Mu
else: an statements
at h
a n
st1
a m elif condition3:
R
st2 statements
else:
statements

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Relational operators
almost same as C

• <
h y
at
• > an
a p
u g
uth
• <= th a n M
n a
m a
• >= R a

• ==
• !=

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 h y
pat
a
an

Demo using L4_if_statements.py

u g
uth
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Some nuances
than what C offers

• a<b<c
h y
at
• a == b == c an
a p
u g
uth
• a != b != a (Will this condition return
th a nTrue or False?)
M
n a
a
m
• Any non-zero number is a
treated
R as True (0 as False) - Same as C

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 h y

REDO the largest of three numbers pat

a
gan
th u
u

using ONLY relational operators

n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Logical operators
and, or, not (NOT &&, ||, ! but works similarly)

• cond1 and cond2 - returns True only if both are true

h y
at
• cond1 or cond2 - returns True if even one aofnapthe is true.
u g
uth
• NOTE: We can replace ‘condition’thwith
an any ‘valid expression’
M
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

HW: Redo the largest one including t h y
logical
operators. u g a na p a

HW: Get to know how ‘not’ h a n M u th

operator works.
HW: Also, get to know
Ra
m a n about
a t
the functions any( )
and all( ).

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Loops
while and for (No do-while) - there are differences

while condition: while condition:

h y
statement pat statement
a
gan
th u
u
…… a n M ……
ath
a n
a m
…….. R else:

…….. statement

………….

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Loops
for loop - this iterates over each element in a sequence (string, range, list, tuple etc.)

for ele in seq: for ele in seq:

h y
statement pat statement
a
gan
th u
u
…… a n M ……
ath
a n
a m
…….. R else:

…….. statement

………….

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Key differences between for and while

• for iterates over the iterable (string/ list etc..), where as while does not
h y
at
• while uses a condition where as for doesgnot
an
a p
h u
Mut
an
at h
a n
m
Ra

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L4_loops_example.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

range( ) function
similar to for (exp1; exp2; exp3)

• range(10) - generates numbers from 0 to 9

h y
at
• range(5,15) - generates numbers from 5 toan14
ap (Note this)
u g
uth
• range(0, 10, 2) - generates numbers
th a nfrom 0 to 10 in steps of 2
M
n a
am
• In general, range(start, a
stop, Rstep)
- numbers from ‘start' up to ‘stop’ (but
excluding it) and incrementing/decrementing according to ‘step’

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Back to the demo using

at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L4_loops_example.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

HW: Find about break, continue, and apass t h y statements and
use them in a program. u g a na p
h
HW: Print numbers 1 to 10 onanthe M u t
same line, breaking out of
an infinite loop. m a n a th

HW: Print all unique combinations

R a
of 1, 2 and 3.

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Conditional expression
similar to the ternary operator ? : in C

<expr1> if condition else <expr2>

h y
Equivalent to pat
a
gan
th u
u
if condition: a n M
ath
a n
a m
expr1 R

else:

expr2

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras