ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 1, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252

Video-Based Detection, Counting and Classification

of Vehicles Using OpenCV
Prof. Anwarul Siddique1, Rohma Firdous2, Shruti Reddy3, Shariya Naaz4, Aaliya Khan5
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering1
Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering2,3,4,5
Anjuman college of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: In this era people using vehicles is getting increased day by day. To plan, monitor and also
controlling of these vehicles is becoming a big challenge. A system is to be implemented without altering the
infrastructure, so a video- based vehicle capturing and analysis of that video without affecting the traffic is
required, by which traffic accidents and congestion can be determined. In this paper, we have come up with
a solution for the above problem using the video surveillance considering the video data from the traffic
cameras. We have used adaptive thresholding method, Gaussian based background subtraction with tracking
methods such as blob tracking and virtual detector. The implementation was done using OpenCV Python as
a tool. Our proposed system can identify, track the congestion and help in counting the objects precisely.

Keywords: Object detection and tracking, Background subtraction, Video analyser, Virtual object detector,
Blob- based tracking

I. INTRODUCTION
The roads are becoming over crowded due to increasing vehicle count. An Intelligent transport system (ITS) is needed to
manage the congestion in traffic and to give smooth planning for drivers. Contrasted with different strategies, the video-put
together with arrangements based on the observation camera mounted outside are handily affected by situations, for example,
climate, enlightenment, shadow, and so on.
Be that as it may, in light of the fact that videobased frameworks can offer a few favourable circumstances over different
techniques, for example, traffic stream undisturbed, effectively introduced, helpfully changed, and so on., they object.
Initially the video is considered as frames and the absolute difference between two frames will be determined to separate
the foreground from background by continued frame subtraction method removing the artefact’s giving clear and neat image,
so that vehicles can be detected easily and non- vehicles can be eliminated by thresholding and morphological operation.
To overcome previous drawbacks a thresholding method called Otsu is used in which adaptive thresholding will be done
for background modelling. Here we have also concentrated on false alarms due to shadow, so shadow elimination was also
done to get the clear object.
The first one is virtual object finding, this method will describe rectangular areas for detecting the have drawn noteworthy
consideration from scientists in the previous decade. With respect to constant vehicle following framework, the
essential issue is starting a track naturally. Here we depict two methodologies in which the issue can be sorted in an
intelligent away.

Figure 1: Block Diagram of ROI

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Bas et al. presented a video examination strategy to check objects [10] depending on the area of the object with respect to
the distance of it from camera point. Based on the objects within the frame a boundary will be considered to detect the
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3516 245
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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 1, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
moving objects that is Region of Interest (ROI). Despite the fact that the calculation is improved to manage some climate
conditions it can't follow vehicles when they change their bearings.
In the other proposed method, the idea of optical flow was introduced. Here the vectors will be generated with respect to
the object moment and the complex conjugate values will be determined. These vectors give us the congestion from one
object to other. If more vectors are generated it refers to more congestion.
In certain works, for example, forward and in reverse picture differencing technique used to extricate moving vehicles in
a street view. A few examinations demonstrated that the utilization of highlight vectors from picture district can be
amazingly productive for vehicle recognitions objectives. Some others spoke about the exact vehicle measurement
estimation utilizing a lot of facilitate planning capacities as it very well may be seen in. Besides, a few investigations have
built up an assortment of boosting calculations for object recognition utilizing AI strategies which can identify and
characterize moving items by both kind and shading.

III. ADAPTIVE CATEGORIZING ALGORITHM

The structure programming oversees picture traces read from video game plans, with the objective that we can make
picture banalizations. The whole picture of the flowchart is shown up in Figure 2.
Initially, our estimation scrutinizes picture diagrams from video, breaks down the basic 85 images traces into RGB
channels, loads typical of the principle 85 images, and gets a one of a kind establishment pictures. If the objects are in
motion then there may be errors in defining a particular background as it will be changing with respect to the moving objects,
but the background will remain constant when the system is provided large number of frames which will be called as
“Background updating”.
Video
No
Frame
Yes
Conversion

Filtering

Noise Removal

Detection

Stop
Tracking

Figure 2: Detection and Tracking Flow

IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

A couple of computations have been introduced for the conditions; some of them are executed in OpenCV, for instance,
Background Subtraction MOG background modelling will be done using Gaussian method. The background subtraction
uses 2 to 4 distributions in clearing small artefact’s. Other method for removing separating foreground and background is
Background Subtract or GMG in OpenCV which relies upon and unites the establishment picture estimation methodology
with Bayesian division.
The count used in the use of proposed structure is called establishment Subtractor MOG2. It relies upon two assessments
and by Zikovic. One of the huge features of this count is that not under any condition like where amount of disseminations
for the modelling of establishment methods are portrayed, Background Subtractor MOG2 uses a robotized prospect and
picks a relevant amount of the Gaussian mixes for pixel.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3516 246

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 1, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
Thus, this methodology is good, if there are any issues with contrast and brightness in any frame. This method also
provides good visibility on the shadow of the objects, ability in defining the shadow and also helps weather shadow to be
detected or not in particular scene. In default settings are set to detect shadow of an object.

V. IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS
Here the results obtained from the experiments are discussed. The rate in which the vehicle detection recognition and
tracking based on two methodologies are tabulated in Table 1. Tracking with the identified counters with respect to the
moving vehicles are shown in Figure 4 and its implementation is shown in Figure 5.
All product programs are created in python OpenCV stage. OpenCV, representing from image processing tool box
Computer Vision package which is open source, capacities chiefly focused on constant computer vision.
There is a camcorder mount on footbridge going across a central avenue to screen three paths at the same time and keep
away from incorrect including brought about with cars covering the picture. The consequences from the two distinct
methodologies with their particular exactness accuracies are recorded in the Table 1.
Input Sequence

Motion Object
Segmentation
Blob Detection

Feature Extraction
Blob Analysis

Blob Clustering

Tracking

Vehicle Counting

Figure 4: Blob Detection and Tracking

Precision value compasses to 96% for virtual locator strategy, and 98% for mass following technique. It can be seen that
this framework can identify, track, and check most vehicles effectively from comparison.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3516 247

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 1, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252

VI. CONCLUSION
The proposed system is actualized with java, utilizing the computer vision platform. The recordings with assortment source
from traffic camcorders were taken for analysing. All the videos can be considered as pre-recorded videos which can be
obtained from the traffic department on request for research purpose. The basic method is produced to choose the locale
important to be broke down and afterward picture preparing strategies are applied to figure vehicle tally.
Because of expanding requests in ITS, there is a colossal measure of likely utilizations of distinguishing, following, and
checking the moving vehicles on street continuously. In our research we have proposed efficient strategies in accomplishing
our objective. Moving vehicle discovery, using a strategy for precisely isolating vehicles frontal area from versatile
foundation mechanism by blending the Otsu's method of thresholding technique and flow casting shadow recognition
strategy. For tracking the vehicles, we have followed two techniques to check the accuracy of the algorithms. Hence, it can
be concluded that blob-based tracking gives better results than the other algorithm. The dataset collected in this work for
detecting and calculating the traffic which can be later extended to giving an alert message that can help necessary action to
be taken by the traffic department. Practical outcomes, executed using computer vision, demonstrate the suggested technique
will be viable in recognizing, finding, and check running vehicles precisely.

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