Transportation Engineering

April 2023 Review

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following 7. A simple curve is to be designed for a maximum speed of
questions. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box 90 kph. The coefficient of friction between the tires and
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet the pavement is 0.40. If the super elevation is limited to
provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 2 only. 12%, determine the degree of the curvature. Use arc
basis.
TRAFFIC 8. Determine the super elevation of a curved road of 385 m
radius designed for a maximum speed of 90 kph if the
1. Vehicle time headway is 2.5 sec/vehicle and spacing of coefficient of friction is 0.10.
cars measured at a point along the NLEX, from single
lane is 60 m/vehicle, over the course of an hour. SIGHT DISTANCE
a. Compute the traffic density. 9. Find the minimum sight distance to avoid a head on
b. Compute the space mean speed. collision of two cars approaching at 90 kph and 60 kph
c. Compute the average speed of the traffic. on an inclined road. The first car is moving uphill while
the second is moving downhill. Given t = 2.5 seconds, f =
2. The peak hour factor during rush hour along EDSA is 0.90. 0.70,G = -2% and a break efficiency of 50 %in either
The highest 5-minute volume is 250 vehicles and the vehicles.
space mean speed is 90 kph. 10. A summit vertical curve has tangent grades of +2% and -
a. Determine the flow of traffic. 3%. The curve is to be designed for a speed of 80 kph
b. Determine the traffic density. with a reaction time of 2.5 sec. and a coefficient of
c. Determine the spacing of vehicles. friction of 0.30. Compute the minimum length of the
summit curve if the height of the drivers eyes is 1.08 m.
3. Traffic data collected a two sections A and B of a and that of the object is 0.60 m. if the stopping sight
highway, which is 450 m apart/ Five vehicles pass section distance is 100 m.
A at intervals of 3, 4, 3, and 5 sec respectively. The 11. A sag vertical curve has a tangent grades of -1.5% and
vehicles speeds are 50, 45, 40 45, and 30 kph +3.5%. the light beam distance is equal to 140 m long.
respectively. It takes each vehicle 20 seconds after the The headlight height is 0.6 m and a 1 degree upward
first vehicle passes through the section. divergence of the light beam is used in computing the
a. Determine the time mean speed. length of a sag vertical curve.
b. Determine the space mean speed. 12. A highway curve has a radius of 80 m and a length of 90
c. Determine the density. m. If the required sight distance is 60 m, how far off the
center of the road could you allow the bushes to grow.
ACCIDENT RATES 13. The clearance to an obstruction is 40 m and the
desirable sight distance when rounding a horizontal
4. The table shows reported accident for a 10 mile highway curve is 600. Determine the minimum radius of
section of the Espana Boulevard. horizontal curve if the length of curve is 550 m long.
Year ADT Property Injury Fatal
Damage Accdent Accident PAVEMENT
2013 20500 165 40 5 14. A rigid pavement is to be constructed to carry a wheel
2014 22000 150 45 5 load of 50 kN/ The allowable tensile stress of concrete is
2015 23500 170 50 10 1.40 MPa. Find the thickness of the pavement if:
2016 24000 170 45 16 a. The effect of dowels is neglected.
2017 25500 160 60 19 b. the wheel load is placed at the edge of the
pavement.
a. Compute the severity ratio. c. the wheel load is place at the center of the
b. Compute the accident rate for injury accidents in HMVM. pavement.
c. Assuming that the data for Fatal accident is within an 15. A flexible pavement carries a static wheel load of a 56.5
intersection, determine the accident rate in MEV. kN. The circular contact area of the tire is 85806 mm2.
The subgrade bearing value is 0.14 MPa, while that of
QUEUEING THEORY the base is 0.41 MPa. Design the thickness of pavement
and that of the base.
5. A single toll gate at an expressway opens at exactly 9:00 16. Determine the expansion pressure that a 600 mm
AM. Vehicles arrive at a rate of 720 vehicles per hour. At pavement can sustain if the average pavement density is
9:30, the arrival rate reduces into 360 vehicles per hour 2.50 kg/mm3.
and continues at that level for the remainder of the day. 17. The Stiffness factor of a pavement and the subgrade is
Nine vehicles can be served by the toll gate every minute, 0.45. The modulus of elasticity of the subgrade is 120
Using D/D/1 queuing model, kg/cm2. Determine the modulus of elasticity of the
a. At what time after 9:00 AM will the queue dissipate? pavement.
b. Evaluate the maximum queue length.
c. Evaluate the maximum time spent by a vehicle in RAILROAD ENGINEERING
the queue.
d. Find the average queue length. 18. A turn out has a frog with the following data:
e. Find the average time spent by each vehicle waiting Frog Angle 5o 12’ 19’’
at the toll gate. Heel Spread 320 mm
6. In a certain toll gate of an expressway, the average rate Toe Length 1870 mm
of arrival is 12 vehicles per hour. The gate can only serve a. Determine the Frog Number.
at a rate of one vehicle every four minutes. Assuming b. Determine the Heel Length.
that the arrival and service pattern follow M/M/1 c. Determine the total length of turn out.
queueing model.
a. Determine the average number of vehicles in the 19. A turnout has a frog number of 9 with a length of heel
system. spread equal to 336.11mm.
b. Determine the average waiting time in the queue. a. Compute the length of the heel.
c. Determine the average time it takes to be served. b. If the length of the toe is equal to 1820mm. compute the
d. Determine the average total waiting time per total length of the turnout.
vehicle. c. Compute the angle subtended by the heel spread.
e. Determine the average vehicles in the waiting line.

BANKING OF CURVES

Engr. Jude L. Rosales, CE, SO