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Naive Bayes Classifier Overview

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23 views7 pages

Naive Bayes Classifier Overview

Uploaded by

writers.way01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Naive Bayes Classifier Overview

Naive Bayes Classifiers are a powerful and simple probabilistic classification technique based on
Bayes' Theorem with an assumption of independence between predictors. Here are some key
points and concepts you might want to cover:

1. Bayes' Theorem:

Explain how this theorem is used to calculate the probability of a class given a set of
features.
2. Assumption of Independence: Discuss the 'naive' assumption that all features are
independent given the class label, which simplifies the calculation of the likelihood.
3. Types of Naive Bayes Classifiers:
o Gaussian Naive Bayes: Assumes that the continuous features follow a Gaussian
(normal) distribution.
o Multinomial Naive Bayes: Useful for discrete features (e.g., word counts in text
classification).
o Bernoulli Naive Bayes: Used for binary/boolean features.
4. Application: Discuss common applications like text classification (spam detection),
sentiment analysis, and medical diagnosis.
5. Example Calculation: Provide a simple example to calculate the posterior probability for
a given class. For instance, classifying a document as spam or not spam based on word
frequencies.
6. Advantages and Disadvantages:
o Advantages: Simple, fast, works well with high-dimensional data.
o Disadvantages: The assumption of feature independence is often unrealistic.

General Derivation for Naive Bayes Classifier

Bayes' Theorem

Bayes' Theorem provides a way to update the probability estimate for a hypothesis as more
evidence is acquired. The theorem is given by:
Applying Bayes' Theorem to Classification

In the context of Naive Bayes classification, we are interested in finding the probability of a
class C (e.g., Spam or Not Spam) given a set of features (words) 𝑊 = {𝑤1 , 𝑤1 , 𝑤1 , ⋯ , 𝑤𝑛 }

Naive Bayes Assumption

The Naive Bayes classifier assumes that the features (words) are conditionally independent
given the class. This simplifies the calculation of the likelihood:
Let’s go through an example of how to calculate the intermediate probabilities for a Naive Bayes
classifier in a spam detection task. We'll assume we have a small dataset with some emails labeled as
"spam" or "not spam."

Example Dataset

Let's consider the following dataset of emails with words and their corresponding labels:

Count the occurrences of each word in spam and not spam emails:
To avoid zero probabilities, we'll use Laplace smoothing (add 1 to each count and add the
number of unique words to the denominator).

Number of unique words: 10

Total words in Spam emails: 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 8

Total words in Not Spam emails: 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5

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