SUMMER TRAINING

A Report Submitted To Partial fulfilment of the Requirements For the Award of

Degree Of
DIPLOMA
In
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By

SRIYANS TIWARI
E.No. E21441132800060 SAVIRTI BAI
Under Supervision of
PHULE GOVT.
MR. R.P SINGH POLYTECHNIC
220KV Substation, Hafizpur
Duration from: 01-08-2023 To 28-08-2023 AZAMGARH
 SUMMER TRAINING
REPORT
SESSION: 2023-2024

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

SRIYANS TIWARI Mr. ANURAG DWIVEDI
E. No.: E21441132800060 (HOD ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING )
 DECLARATION
▪ I here by declare that the industrial training report entitled "UPPCL 220/132 KV” is
an authentic record of my own work as requirement of industrial training during the
period from 01-08-2023 to 28-08-2023 for the award of degree of Diploma in
Electrical Engineering, Savitri Bai Phule Govt.Polytechnic Azamgarh under the
guidance of Mr. Anurag Dwivedi (HOD Electrical Engineering).

Sriyans Tiwari
E21441132800060

▪ Date:-
 CERTIFICATE
▪ This is to certified that Mr. Sriyans Tiwari has completed 4 week Industrial Training
during the period from 01-08-2023 to 28-08-2023 in our organization as a Partial
Fulfilment of Degree of Diploma in Electrical Engineering, He was trained in the
field of Power System Equipment and Protection.

Head of Department
(signature)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
▪ Summer training has an important role in exposing the real life situations in an
industry. It was great experience for me to work on the training at UTTAR PRADESH
POWER CORPORATION LIMITED through which 1 could learn how to work in a
professional environment.
▪ Now, 1 would like to thank the people who guided me and have been a constant
Source of inspiration throughout the tenure of my summer training
▪ I am sincerely grateful To MR. R.P SINGH (Executive Engineer) at 220/132 KV
substation, HAFIZPUR who rendered me his valuable assistance, constant
encouragement and able guidance which made this training actually possible.
▪ 1 wish my deep sense of gratitude to MR. R.P SINGH (Executive Engineer) whose
affection guidance has enabled me to complete this training successfully.
▪ 1 also wish my deep sense of gratitude to MR. ANURAG DWIVEDI (HOD EE
DEPARTMENT) and Other Faculty members whose guidance and encouragement
made my training successfully.
▪ INTRODUCTION
▪ WHAT IS A SUBSTATION AND IT’S
WORKING?
▪ ABOUT THE SUBSTATION
▪ SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 220KV
SUBSTATION, AZAMGARH CONTENTS
▪ EQUIPMENTS AT 220KV SUBSTATION
▪ CONCLUSION
▪ SUGGESTION
 ▪ The present day electrical power system is ac i.e.
Electric power is generated, transmitted and distributed
in the form of Alternating current, The electric power is
produce at the power station, which are Located at
favourable places, generally quite away from the
consumers. It is delivered to the consumer through a
Large network of transmission and distribution, At many
Places the in the line of power system , it may be
desirable and necessary to change some characteristic
(e.g. Voltage, ac to dc, frequency, power factor etc.) of INTRODUCTION
electric supply. This is accomplished by suitable
Apparatus called sub-station for example, generation
Voltage (11KV or6.6KV) at the power station is stepped
up to high voltage (Say 220K V to 132KV) for
transmission of electric power. Similarly near the
consumer’s localities, the voltage may have to be
stepped down to utilization kevel. This job s again
accomplished by suitable apparatus called sub-station
1. To gain Practical knowledge of Electrical
power distribution and transmission and
power line carrier communication.
2. To get familiarized with different electrical
equipment's and working of a substation.
3. To study various parts of the substation and
OBJECTIVES
how they are operated.
4. To get clear idea to read the single line
OF THE VISIT
diagram of power substation using different
symbols used in diagrams.
1. Learn and able to visualize practically different parts of the
transformer in detail.
2. Actually understand onsite how actually transformer steps down
the voltage from 220KV/66 KV which in turn is further stepped
down to 33KV and 11KV at different substations and distributed to
household and industries through various feeders.
3. Able to actually differentiate AIS (air insulated substation)with
GIS (Gas insulated substation) and study advantages of the later.
4. Understand the reason behind using stones/gravel in the
substation to reduce the step potential and touch potential when
operators work on switch yard and eliminate the growth of small
OUTCOMES
5.
weeds and plants inside the switch yard.
Study various protective measures to protect the substations from
various faults and its smooth function.
OF THE VISIT
6. Students could in detail learn about how the complete controlling
of the substation is carried out remotely through SCADA
programming.
7. Encourages students from within regarding the branch chosen
and gives wide exposure of employment in the related fields.
▪ An electrical substation is a crucial part of an electrical distribution
system. Its primary functions include:
▪ Voltage Transformation: Substations can increase or decrease the
voltage level of electricity as needed for distribution. High-voltage

ELECTRICAL
power generated at a power plant is stepped down to lower
voltages for safe distribution to homes and businesses.
▪ Circuit Switching: Substations have switches and circuit breakers to

SUBSTATION
control the flow of electricity, allowing for isolation and rerouting of
electrical circuits during maintenance or in case of faults.
▪ Protection and Control: Substations are equipped with protective
devices such as relays and circuit breakers to safeguard the
electrical system from overloads, short circuits, and other faults.
▪ Metering and Monitoring: Substations often include meters and
WORKING
monitoring equipment to track power usage and the performance of
the electrical grid.5. Distribution: Substations distribute electricity
to various feeder lines that carry power to homes, businesses, and
industries.
▪ The 220KV substation is located in HAFIZPUR
area in AZAMGARH district. It Forms an
important link between Transmission network
and Distribution network. It has a vital influence
of reliability of service. Apart from ensuring
efficient transmission and Distribution of power,
the sub-station configuration should be such that
it enables easy maintenance of equipment and
minimum interruptions in power supply. Sub-
Station is constructed near as possible to the ABOUT THE
load Centre.
SUBSTATION
 ▪ About the substation According to the Single Line
Diagram
▪ The details and equipment used in this substation are as follows:
▪ INPUT:
▪ 220KV as an Input Voltage from 400KV station. SINGLE LINE
DIAGRAM OF
▪ OUTPUT:
▪ 220KV Outgoing Feeders:
Sarnath
1.
2. Jaunpur
3. 315 MVA ICT-1 THE 220KV
AZAMGARH
4. 315 MVA ICT-II
▪ 132KV Outgoing Feeders:
1. Phoolpur
2. Kolisa
3. Mohamdabad
4. Azamgarh
SUBSTATION
5. Lalganj
 ▪ 33KV Outgoin feeders:
1. Hospital
2. Bhawarnath
3. Jeeyanpur
4. Bilariya ganj
5. Hafizpur
6. Kandhara pur
7. Mubarakpur
▪ TRANSFORMERS USED:
▪ 160MVA T/F-I (CGL)- 220KV/132KV/11KV
▪ 160MVA T/F- II (EMCO)- 220KV/132KV/11KV
▪ 40MVA T/F-I (BBL)- 132KV/33KV/11KV
▪ 40MVA T/F-II (ADITYA)-132KV/33KV/11KV
▪ 300KVA S/S T/F-I
▪ 300KVA S/S T/F-II
▪ Instrument Transformers
▪ Current Transformer
▪ Potential Transformer
▪ Conductors
▪ Insulators
▪ Isolators
▪ Bus bars
▪ Lightning Arrestors
▪ Circuit Breakers
EQUIPMENTS IN
▪ Relays
▪ Capacitor Banks
A 200KV
▪ Batteries
▪ Wave Trapper
SUBSTATION
▪ Switchyard
▪ Metering and Indication Instruments
▪ Equipment for Carrier Current
▪ Prevention from Surge Voltage
▪ The Outgoing Feeders
▪ The instrument transformer is a static device INSTRUMENT
utilized for reduction of higher currents and
voltages for safe and practical usage which are TRANSFORMER
measurable with traditional instruments such as
digital multi-meter etc. The value range is from
1A to 5A and voltages such as 110V etc. The
transformers are also used for actuation of AC
protective relay through supporting voltage and
current. Instrument transformers are shown in
the figure below and its two types are also
discussed underneath.
 CURRENT
▪ A current transformer is a gadget utilized for the
transformation of higher value currents into
TRANSFORMER
lower values. It is utilized in an analogous
manner to that of AC instruments, control
apparatus, and meters. These are having lower
current ratings and are used for maintenance
and installation of current relays for protection
purpose in substations.
 POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMER
▪ The potential transformers are similar in
characteristics as current transformers but are
utilized for converting high voltages to lower
voltages for protection of relay system and for
lower rating metering of voltage measurements.
 INSULATORS
▪ The insulators are the materials which do not
permit flow of electrons through it. Insulators are
resisting electric property. There are numerous
types of insulators such as shackle, strain type,
suspension type, and stray type etc. Insulators
are used in substations for avoiding contact with
humans or short circuit.
 ▪ The isolators in substations are mechanical
switches which are deployed for isolation of
ISOLATORS
circuits when there is an interruption of current.
These are also known with the name of
disconnected switches operation under no-load
conditions and are not fortified with arc-
quenching devices. These switches have no
specific current breaking value neither these
have current making value. These are
mechanically operated switches.
 ▪ The bus bar is among the most important
elements of the substation and is a conductor
which carries current to a point having
numerous connections with it. The bus bar is a BUS BAR
kind of electrical junction which has outgoing
and incoming current paths. Whenever a fault
occurs in the bus bar, entire components
connected to that specific section should be
tripped for giving thorough isolation in a small
time, for instance, 60ms for avoiding danger
rising due to conductor’s heat. These are of
different types such as ring bus, double bus, and
single bus etc. A simple bus bar is shown in the
figure below which is considered as one of the
most vital electrical substation components.
▪ The lightning arresters can be considered as the
first ever components of a substation. These are
LIGHTNING
having a function of protecting equipment of
substation from high voltages and are also
ARRESTERS
limiting the amplitude and duration of the
current’s flow. These are connected amid earth
and line i.e. Connected in line with equipment in
the substation. These are meant for diversion of
current to earth if any current surge appears
hence by protecting insulation as well as
conductor from damages. These are of various
types and are distinguished based on duties.
▪ The circuit breakers are such type of switches
CIRCUIT
utilized for closing or opening circuits at the
time when a fault occurs within the system. The BREAKERS
circuit breaker has 2 mobile contacts which are
in OFF condition in normal situations. At the time
when any fault occurs in the system, a relay is
sending the tripped command to the circuit
breaker which moves the contacts apart, hence
avoiding any damage to the circuitry.
▪ Relays are a dedicated component of electrical
substation equipment for the protection of
system against abnormal situations e.g. Faults.
Relays are basically sensing gadgets which are RELAYS
devoted for sensing faults and are determining
its location as well as sending interruption
message of tripped command to the specific
point of the circuit. A circuit breaker is falling
apart its contacts after getting the command
from relays. These are protecting equipment
from other damages as well such as fire, the risk
to human life, and removal of fault from a
particular section of the substation. Following is
the substation component diagram is known as a
relay.
 ▪ The capacitor bank is defined as a set of
numerous identical capacitors which are
connected either in parallel or series inside an
CAPACITOR
enclosure and are utilized for the correction of
power factor as well as protection of circuitry of BANKS
the substation. These are acting like the source
of reactive power and are thus reducing phase
difference amid current and voltage. These are
increasing the capacity of ripple current of
supply and avoid unwanted selves in the
substation system. The use of capacitor banks is
an economical technique for power factor
maintenance and for correction of problems
related to power lag.
▪ Some of the important substation parts such as
emergency lighting, relay system, and
automated control circuitry are operated
BATTERIES
through batteries. The size of the battery bank is
depending on the voltage required for operation
of the DC circuit respectively. The storage
batteries are of two basic types i.e. acid-alkaline
batteries and lead-acid batteries. The lead acid
batteries are of the most common type and used
in substations in abundance as these provide
high voltages and are cheaper in cost.
SWITCHYARD
▪ The switchyards,
switches, circuit
breakers, and
transformers for the
connection and
disconnection of
transformers and circuit
breakers. These are also
having lighting arrestors
to protect the substation
or power station from
strokes of natural
lighting.
▪ There are numerous instruments for metering
and indication in each substation such as watt-
meters, voltmeters, ammeters, power factor METERING
meters, kWh meters, volt-ampere meters, and
KVARH meters etc. These instruments are AND
installed at different places within substation for
controlling and maintaining values of current INDICATION
and voltages. For instance, 33/11KV substation
equipment will comprise digital multi-meters for
various readings of currents and voltages.
INSTRUMENTS
▪ There are numerous outgoing feeders which are
connected to that of substations. Basically, the
connection is with a bus of the substation for
carrying power from the substation to service
points. The feeders can hug overhead streets,
underground, underneath streets, and are
carrying electrical power to that of distribution
THE
transformers at near or farther premises. The
isolator in substation and breaker of the feeder OUTGOING
are considered as entities of the substation and
are of metal-clad typically. Whenever a fault is
occurring in the feeder, the protection is
FEEDER
detecting and the circuit breaker is opened.
After detection of fault through manual or
automatic way, there are more than one attempts
for re-energizing the feeder.
ELEMENTS OF A SUBSTATION
▪ A: Primary power lines’ side B: Secondary
power lines’ side
1. Primary power lines
2. Ground wire
3. Overhead lines
4. Transformer for measurement of electric
voltage
5. Disconnect switch
6. Circuit breaker
7. Current transformer
8. Lightning arrester
9. Main transformer
10.Control building
11.Security fence
12.Secondary power line
▪ While the above are some standard components
that are seen in the electrical substations,
depending upon the type of substation and their
functioning the electrical substation
components may slightly change. Also with the
advancements in the technology many
components are constantly upgraded to keep
with the latest advancements to deliver constant
power output.
 ▪ Now from this report we can conclude that electricity Plays an
important role in our life. We are made aware of how the
transmission the transmission of electricity is done. We too came to
know about the various parts of the substation system. The three
wings electrical system viz. generation, transmission and
distribution are connected to each other and that too very perfectly.
▪ Thus for effective transmission and distribution a substation must:
1.
2.
Ensure steady state and transient stability.
Effective Voltage control.
CONCLUSION
3. Prevention of Loss of synchronism
4. Reliable supply by feeding the network at various points
5. Fault analysis improvement in respective Field
6. Establishment of economic load distribution.
 SUGGESTION
▪ The following suggestion for the
advancements of the substation are as
follows:
FOR
1. Update the old mechanism of fault analysis to the digital
system. So that they easily locate the fault point.
IMPROVEMENT
2. Remove the unwanted/ damaged equipment from the towers
and Switch yard. So that it will not affect the main line during
bad weather condition
OF THE
SUBSTATION
THANK YOU
HAVE A NICE DAY