11

MCQs
1. A man of 60 kg weight is standing at rest on a platform. He jumps up vertically a distance of 1
m and the platform at the same instant moves horizontally forward with the result that the man
lands 1 meter behind the point on the platform where they took the jump, the total work done by
the man at the instant he lands is:
(a) 300 J (b) 150 J (c) 600 J (d) zero

2. A uniform chain of length 2 m is kept on a table such that a length of 60 cm hangs freely from
the edge of the table. The total mass of the chain is 4 kg. What is the work done in pulling the
entire chain on the table?
(a) 7.2 J (b) 3.6 J (c) 120 J (d) 1200 J

3. A body of mass 20 kg is initially at a height of 3 m above the ground. It is lifted to a height of 2

m from that position. Its increase in potential energy is:
(a) 100 J (b) 392 J (c) 60 J (d) -100 J

4. A body of mass 10 kg is travelling with uniform speed of 5 m/s. Its kinetic energy is:
(a) 25 J (b) 125 J (c) 1250 J (d) 1000 J

5. A ball is dropped from a height of 1 m. If the coefficient of restitution between the surface and
ball is 0.6, the ball rebounds to a height of:
(a) 0.6 m (b) 0.4 m (c) 1 m (d) 0.36 m

6. A quantity of work of 1000 J is done in 2 seconds. The power utilised is:

(a) 998 W (b) 1002 W (c) 2000 W (d) 500 W

7. When the linear momentum of a particle is increased by 1%, its kinetic energy increases by x%.
When the kinetic energy of the particle is increased by 300%, its linear momentum increases by
y%. The ratio of y to x is:
(a) 300 (b) 150 (c) 100 (d) 50
 12

8. The kinetic energy acquired by a mass m in travelling distance d, the starting from the rest under
the action of a constant force, is directly proportional to:
(a) m (b) mo (c) √𝑚 (d) 1/√𝑚

9. A body of mass 10 kg moving at a height of 2 m, with uniform speed of 2 m/s. Its total energy
is:
(a) 316 J (b) 216 J (c) 116 J (d) 392 J

10. Two masses 1 g and 4 g are moving with equal kinetic energies. The ratio of the magnitudes of
their linear momenta is:
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 0 : 1 (d) 1 : 6

11. A body of mass 10 kg is initially at a height of 20 m above the ground. It falls to a height of 5
m above the ground. Its potential energy in the new position is:
(a) 490 J (b) 50 J (c) 100 J (d) 300 J
12. A man of 60 kg weight is standing at rest on a platform. He jumps up vertically a distance of 1
m and the platform at the same instant moves horizontally forward with the result that the man
lands 1 meter behind the point on the plate form where they took the jump the total work done by
the man at the instant he lands is:
(a) 300 J (b) 150 J (c) 600 J (d) zero

13. A marble moving with some velocity collides perfectly elastically head-on with another marble
at rest having mass 1.5 times the mass of the colliding marble. The percentage of kinetic energy by
the colliding marble after the collision is:
(a) zero (b) 50% (c) 100% (d) 60%

14. A body of mass 100 kg falls from a height of 10 m. Its increase in kinetic energy is:
(a) 9800 J (b) 1000 J (c) 5000 J (d) 3000 J

15. An isolated particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal plane (x-y), along the x-axis, at a
certain height above the ground. It suddenly explodes into two fragments of masses m/4 and 3m/4.
An instant later, the smaller fragment is at y = + 15 cm. The larger fragment at this instant is at:
(a) y = -5 cm (b) y = +20 cm (c) y = +5 cm (d) y = -20 cm
 13

16. Match the Column – I with Column – II:

Column – I Column – II
(i) Work done by constant force (1) Mass X height X acceleration due to
gravity
(ii) Work done by variable force (2) Work / time
𝑥𝑓
(iii) Kinetic energy of a moving body
(3) ∫ 𝐹 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑖

(iv) Potential Energy of a body (4) Force X displacement

(v) Power (5) ½ mv2
(a) (i)-(4), (ii)-(3), (iii)-(5), (iv)-(1), (v)-(2) (b) (i)-(2), (ii)-(3), (iii)-(5), (iv)-(1), (v)-(4)
(c) (i)-(4), (ii)-(5), (iii)-(3), (iv)-(1), (v)-(2) (d) (i)-(5), (ii)-(3), (iii)-(1), (iv)-(4), (v)-(2)

17. During the perfectly elastic collision, which of the following is conserved?
(a) Linear momentum of the each body is conserved.
(b) Kinetic energy of the each body is conserved.
(c) Linear momentum of the system is conserved.
(d) None of the above.
(a) 100 J (b) 392 J (c) 60 J (d) -100 J

18. A body of mass 10 kg is moved parallel to the ground, through a distance of 2 m. The work
done against gravitational force is:
(a) 196 J (b) -196 J (c) 20 J (d) zero

19. A ball is dropped from a height of 1 m. If the coefficient of restitution between the surface and
ball is 0.6, the ball rebounds to a height of:
(a) 0.6 m (b) 0.4 m (c) 1 m (d) 0.36 m

20. An electric heater of rating 1000 W is used for 5 hrs per day for 20 days. The electrical energy
utilised is:
(a) 150 kWh (b) 200 kWh (c) 100 kWh (d) 300 kWh
 14

21. Find the angle between force 𝐹⃗ = (3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂) unit and displacement 𝑑⃗ = (5𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
unit.
(a) cos-1(23/25) (b) cos-1(21/29) (c) sin-1(1/2) (d) sin-1(2/5)

22. It is well known that a raindrop falls under the influence of the downward gravitational force
and the opposing resistive force. The latter is known to be proportional to the speed of the drop but
is otherwise undetermined. Consider a drop of mass 1.00 g falling from a height 1.00 km. It hits
the ground with a speed of 50.0 ms -1. What is the work done by the unknown resistive force?
(a) − 8.75 J (b) − 4.75 J (c) − 0.75 J (d) − 18.75 J

23. A cyclist comes to a skidding stop in 10 m. During this process, the force on the cycle due to
the road is 200 N and is directly opposed to the motion. (a) How much work does the road do on
the cycle?
(a) – 2000 J (b) – 200 J (c) – 20 J (d) – 2 J

24. A police officer fires a bullet of mass 50 g with speed 200 ms -1 on soft plywood of thickness 2
cm. The bullet emerges with only 10% of its initial kinetic energy. What is the emergent speed of
the bullet?
(a) 63.2 ms–1 (b) 34.5 ms–1 (c) 23.6 ms–1 (d) 50.0 ms–1

25. A woman pushes a trunk on a railway platform which has a rough surface. She applies a force
of 100 N over a distance of 10 m. Thereafter, she gets progressively tired and her applied force
reduces linearly with distance to 50 N. The total distance through which the trunk has been moved
is 20 m. Calculate the work done by the two forces over 20 m.
(a) 1750 J (b) 0 J (c) 50 J (d) 1000 J

26. A bob of mass m is suspended by a light string of length L. It is

imparted a horizontal velocity vo at the lowest point A such that it
completes a semi-circular trajectory in the vertical plane with the string
becoming slack only on reaching the topmost point, C as shown in Figure.
What is the formula of vo?
(a) √5𝑔𝐿 (b) √3𝑔𝐿

(c) √2𝑔𝐿 (d) √𝑔𝐿

 15

27. A bob of mass m is suspended by a light string of length L. It is

imparted a horizontal velocity vo at the lowest point as shown in Figure.
What is the formula of vo at A such that bob oscillates in semi-circle?
(a) √5𝑔𝐿 (b) √3𝑔𝐿

(c) √2𝑔𝐿 (d) √𝑔𝐿

28. Consider a typical simulation with a car of mass 1000 kg moving with a speed 18.0 km/h on a
smooth road and colliding with a horizontally mounted spring of spring constant 6.25 × 10 3 Nm–1.
What is the maximum compression of the spring?
(a) 2.00 m (b) 3.25 m (c) 4.00 m (d) 9.25 m

29. An elevator can carry a maximum load of 1800 kg (elevator + passengers) is moving up with a
constant speed of 2 ms–1. The frictional force opposing the motion is 4000 N. Determine the
minimum power delivered by the motor to the elevator in kilowatts.
(a) 44 (b) 44000 (c) 440 (d) 22000

30. A body is initially at rest. It undergoes one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration. The
power delivered to it at time t is proportional to:
(a) t1/2 (b) t (c) t3/2 (d) t2

31. A body is moving unidirectionally under the influence of a source of constant power. Its
displacement in time t is proportional to:
(a) t1/2 (b) t (c) t3/2 (d) t2

32. A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump up water to fill a tank of volume 30 m3 in
15 min. If the tank is 40 m above the ground, and the efficiency of the pump is 30%, how much
electric power is consumed by the pump?
(a) 43.6 kW (b) 43.6 W (c) 4360 kW (d) 436.60 W

33. A force (𝐹 = 15 + 0.50 𝑥) acts on a particle in the x-direction, where F is in newton and x in
metre. Find the work done by this force during a displacement from x = 0 to x = 2.0 m.
(a) 31 J (b) 0 J (c) 21 J (d) 50 J
 16

34. A shell in flight explodes into four unequal parts. Which of the following is conserved?
(a) Potential energy (b) Linear Momentum
(c) Kinetic Energy (d) Both (a) and (c)

35. A moving body of mass m and velocity 3 km per hour collides with a rest body of mass 2m
and strikes to it. Now the combined mass starts to move. What will be the combined velocity?
(a) 1 km/h (b) 3 km/h (c) 5 km/h (d) 0 km/h

36. On a frictionless surface, a block of mass m moving at speed v collides elastically with another
block of mass m which is initially at rest. After collision the first block moves at an angle  to its
initial direction and has a speed v/3. The second block’s speed after the collision is:
√3 𝑣 2√2 𝑣 3𝑣 3𝑣
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4 √2

37. A gardener pushes a lawn roller through a distance of 20 m. If he applies a force of 20 kg with
in a direction in blind at an angle 60 degree to the ground find the work done by the gardener.
(a) 1960 J (b) 1000 J (c) 0 J (d) 60 J

38. A person is holding a bucket by applying a force of 10 Newton. He moves a horizontal

distance of 5 m and then climbs up a vertical distance of 10 m. Find the total work done by him.
(a) 100 J (b) 2000 J (c) 50 J (d) 60 J

39. If force 𝐹⃗ = (𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂) acts on a particle and displaces it through 𝑑⃗ = (6𝑖̂ + 9𝑘̂). Calculate
the work done if the force is in newton and displacement is in metre.
(a) 69 J (b) 90 J (c) 50 J (d) 60 J

40. A uniform chain of length 2 metre is kept on a table such that a length of 60 cm hangs freely
from the edge of the table. The total mass of the chain is 4 kg. What is the work done in pulling the
entire chain on the table? Take g = 10 ms -2.
(a) 12 N (b) 112 N (c) 22 N (d) 32 N

41. A force F acting on an object varies with

distance x as shown in figure. The force is in
newton and distance x is in metre. The work done
 17

by the force in moving the object from x = 0 to x = 6 m is:

(a) 12.2 J (b) 13.5 J
(c) 9.5 J (d) 0 J

42. A stationary particle explodes into two particles of masses M 1 and M2 which move in opposite
directions with velocities V1 and V2. The relation of their Kinetic energies E 1 & E2 is:
(a) E1 < E2 (b) E1 > E2 (c) E1 = E2 (d) E1/E2 = M1/M2

43. Two springs A and B having spring constants KA and KB (KA = 2KB) are stretched by applying
force of equal magnitude. If energy stored in spring A is E A then energy stored in spring B will be:
(a) 2 EA (b) EA / 4 (c) EA / 2 (d) 4 EA

44. A child is sitting on a swing, its minimum and maximum heights from the ground is 0.75 m
and 2 m respectively. Its maximum speed will be (in m/s):
(a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 15

45. The heart of a man pumps 5 litres of blood through the arteries per minute at a pressure of 150
mm of mercury. If the density of mercury be 13.6 X 10 3 kg/m3 and g = 10 m/s2 then power of the
heart in watt is:
(a) 1.50 (b) 1.70 (c) 2.35 (d) 3.0

46. A ball moving with velocity 2 metre per second collides head on with another stationary ball of
double mass. If the coefficient of restitution is 0.5 then their velocities after collision will be (in
m/s):
(a) 0,1 (b) 1,1 (c) 1,0.5 (d) 0,2

47. The coefficient of restitution e for a perfectly elastic collision is:

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) ∞ (d) -1

48. A body initially at rest and sliding along a

frictionless track from a height h (as shown in figure)
just completes a vertical circle of diameter AB = D. The
height h is equal to:
 18

(a) 3D/2 (b) 5D/4

(c) 7D/5 (d) D

49. A body projected vertically from the Earth reaches a height equal to Earth's radius before
returning to the earth. The power exerted by the gravitational force is the greatest:
(a) At the highest position of the body. (b) At the instant just before the body hits the earth.
(c) It remains constant throughout its path. (d) At the instant just after the body is projected.

50. The potential energy of a long spring when stretched by 2 cm is U. If the spring is stretched by
8 cm the potential energy stored in it is:
(a) U/4 (b) 4 U (c) 8 U (d) 16 U
 19

Assertions and Reasons

In the following questions, statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason

(R): Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion: When a body moves along a circular path, no work is done by the centripetal
force.
Reason: The centripetal force is used in moving the body along the circular path and hence
no work is done.

2. Assertion: Mass and energy are not conserved separately, but they are conserved as a single
entity called mass-energy.
Reason: Mass and energy are inter-convertible in accordance with Einstein's relation: E =
mc2.

3. Assertion: A chemical reaction is basically a rearrangement of atoms. If the total energy of

the reactants is more than the products of the reaction, heat is released and the reaction is
said to be an exothermic reaction.
Reason: Energy spent against friction does not follow the law of conservation of energy.

4. Assertion: If momentum of a body increases by 50% its kinetic energy will increase by
125%.
Reason: Kinetic energy is proportional to square of velocity.

5. Assertion: When a ball collides elastically with a floor, it rebounds with the same velocity
as with its strikes.
Reason: Momentum of earth plus ball system remains constant.

6. Assertion: In an elastic collision between two bodies, the energy of each body is conserved.
Reason: The total energy of an isolated system is conserved.

7. Assertion: In an elastic collision between two bodies, the relative speed of the bodies after
collision is equal to the relative speed before the collision.
Reason: In an elastic collision, the linear momentum of the system is conserved.

8. Assertion: A quick collision between two bodies is more violent than a slow collision even
when the initial and final velocities are identical.
Reason: The rate of change of momentum is greater in the first case.

9. Assertion: Kinetic energy is conserved at every instant of elastic collision.

Reason: No deformation of matter occurs in elastic collision.

10. Assertion: A particle strikes head on with another stationary particle such that the first
particle comes to rest after collision. The collision should necessarily be elastic.
Reason: In elastic collision, there is a loss of momentum of the system of particles.
 20

11. Assertion: Work done in moving a body over a closed loop is zero for every force in
nature.
Reason: Work done does not depend on nature of force.

12. Assertion: The potential energy stored in the spring is positive, when it is compassed and
negative, when stretched.
Reason: It is in accordance with the sign conversions for positive and negative work.

13. Assertion: The kinetic energy, with any reference, must be positive.
Reason: In the expression for kinetic energy, the velocity appears with power of 2.

14. Assertion: The change in kinetic energy of a particle is equal to the work done on it by the
net force.
Reason: Change in kinetic energy of particle is equal to the work done in case of a system
of one particle.

15. Assertion: The kinetic energy of the body of mass 2 kg and momentum of 2 Ns is 1 J.
Reason: The kinetic energy of a body in relation to its linear momentum is given by: 𝐾 =
𝑃2
.
2𝑚

16. Assertion: The earth moving around the sun in a circular orbit is acted upon by a force and
hence work must be done on the earth by this force.
Reason: It is necessary that the work done in the motion of a body over a closed loop is
zero for every force in nature.

17. Assertion: A body is moving along a circular path. No work is done by the centripetal
force.
Reason: Chemical gravitational and nuclear energies are nothing but potential energies for
different types of forces in nature.

18. Assertion: Work done by a body against friction results in a loss of its potential energy.
Reason: In an elastic collision of two bodies the momentum and energy of each body is
conserved.

19. Assertion: In an elastic collision of two billiard balls, the total kinetic energy is not
conserved during the short time of collision of the balls i.e. when they are in contact.
Reason: The relative velocity of two particles in a head on collision remains unchanged
both in magnitude and direction.

20. Assertion: Work Energy theorem is an integral form of Newton’s second law.
Reason: Work-energy theorem involves an integral over an interval of time.
 21

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1. Work energy theorem states that – change in kinetic energy of a body is equal to the work done
by the net force. In deriving the theorem, it is assumed that force is effective only in changing the
KE. When the force and displacement are in same direction, KE increases and work done is
positive. When the force and displacement are in opposite direction, KE decreases and work done
is negative. When the body is in uniform motion, KE does not change and work done by
centripetal force is zero.
Questions
(i) A body of mass 10 kg initially at rest, acquires a velocity of 10 m/s. The work done is:
(a) -500J (b) 500J (c) 50J (d) - 50J
(ii) How much work must be done by a force on 50 kg body in order to accelerate from rest to 20
m/s in 10 sec?
(a) 103 J (b) 104 J (c) 2X103 (d) 4X104 J
(iii) A gun of mass M fires a bullet of mass m with maximum speed v. The KE of gun will be?
(a) ½ mv2 (b) 1/2 Mv2 (c) more than ½ mv2 (d) less than½ mv2
(iv) An unloaded car moving with velocity v on a frictionless road can be stopped in a distance s.
If the passengers add 40% to its weight and breaking force remains the same then the stopping
distance will be:
(a) 1.4 s (b) 1.5 s (c) 1.6 s (d) 1.8 s
(v) A block of mass 10 kg is moving in x direction with a constant speed of 10 m/s. It is subjected
to a retarding force F = - 0.1 xj/m during its travel from x=20m to x=30m. Final KE will be
(a) 250J (b) 275J (c) 450J (d) 475J

Q2. A force is conservative. (i) if the work done by the force in displacing the body is independent
of the path followed by the particle and (ii) if the work done by the force in moving a particle
around any closed path is zero. Gravitational force, electrostatic force and elastic force are
conservative forces A force is if it can be defined from the scalar potential energy function U (x)
by the relation: F (x) = du(X)/dx
If the work done by the force in displacing the body, depend S on the path followed by the
particle, then the force is non conservative force . Force of friction and viscosity are non
conservative forces
 22

Questions-
(i) A particle moves along a curve of unknown shape but magnitude of force F is constant and
always act along the tangent to the curve, then
(a) F may be conservative (b) F must be conservative
(c) F may be non conservative. (d) F must be non conservative.
(ii) Which of the following is not a conservative force?
(a) Gravitational force (b) electrostatic force (c) Force of friction (d) magnetic force
(iii) The potential energy of a body is given by U= A-Bx2, x is displacement. The magnitude of the
force acting on the particle is:
(a) Constant (b) proportional to x
(c) proportional to x2 (d)inversely proportional to x
(iv) The potential energy of a system increases if work is done:
(a) upon the system by a non-conservative force (b) by system against the conservative force
(c) by the system against non-conservative (d) upon the system by a conservative force
(v) A particle is moving in a circular path of radius a under the action of attractive potential
Energy: U= k/2r2. Its total energy is:
(a) k/2 (b) 2k (c) zero (d) k/4a

Q3. In all collisions, total linear momentum is conserved, while the total KE of the system is not
necessarily conserved. If there is no loss of KE during a collision it is called an elastic collision.
The collision between atoms and sub atomic particles are truly elastic. If there is a loss of KE
during a collision it is called inelastic collision. During collision, a part of kinetic energy may
convert into heat and sound. When two bodies stick together after a collision, the collision is
perfectly inelastic.
QUESTIONS:
(i) A particle of mass m1 moves with velocity v1, collides with another particle at rest of equal
mass. The velocity of second particle after collision is
(a) 2v1 (b) v1 (c) –v1 (d) zero
(ii) A body moving with a velocity v, breaks up into two equal parts. One of the parts retraces back
with a velocity v. The velocity of other part is
(a) v in forward direction (b) 3v in forward direction
(c) v in backward direction (d) 3v in backward direction
(iii) When a body is moves with constant speed in a circular path, then
(a) Work done will be zero (b) acceleration will be zero
 23

(c) Force acting on body is zero (d) velocity is constant

(iv) In an inelastic collision, what is conserved?
(a) Kinetic energy (b) linear momentum (c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b)
(v) A body of mass m1, collides elastically with another body of mass m2, at rest. There is
maximum transfer of energy when
(a) m1 > m2 (b) m1 < m2 (c) m1 = m2 (d) same for all values of m1 and m2

Q4.Work is said to be done when a force applied on the body and the body displaces through a
certain distance in the direction of force Let a constant force F be applied on the body such that it
makes an angle θ with the horizontal and body is displaced through a distance s. Then work done
by the force in displacing the body through a distance s is given by:

W = (F cos θ) s = Fs cos θ ⇒ W = (F cos θ) s = Fs cos θ or W =

Positive work means that force (or its component) is parallel to displacement 0º ≤ θ < 90º and
negative work means that force (or its component) is opposite to displacement 90º < θ ≤ 180º

Questions
(i) A body displaces through a distance of 20m on applying a force of 20 newton in a direction
inclined at 60 degree to the ground. The work done is:
(a) 100J (b) 200J (c) 300J (d) 400J
(ii) A person holding a bucket by applying a force of 10N. He moves a horizontal distance of 5m
and then climbs up a distance of 10m. The total work done by the person is:
(a) zero (b) 10J (c) 50J (d) 100J
(iii) A ball moves on frictionless inclined table without slipping. The work done by the table
surface on the ball is:
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) none of these
(iv) A body moves through a distance of 10m when a force of 10 N is applied on it. If he work
done is 25 J, then the angle between the force and direction of motion is
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) none of these
(v) The work done by a force:
(a) may be positive (b) may be negative (c) may be zero (d) all of these
 24

Q5. When the magnitude and direction of a force varies with position, the work done by such a

force for an infinitesimal displacement is given by: dW=

The total work done in going from A to B is:

Area under force displacement curve with proper algebraic sign represents work done by the force.
Work done depends on magnitude of force, displacement and the angle between direction of force
and direction of motion.
Questions:
(i) No work is done if
(a) Displacement is zero (b) Force is zero
(c) Force and displacement are mutually perpendicular (d) All of these
(ii) The magnitude of work done by a force
(a) Depends on frame of reference (b) Does not depend on frame of reference
(c) Cannot be calculated in non-inertial frames (d) Both (a) and (b)
(iii) In which of the following work is being not done?
(a) Shopping in the supermarket (b) Standing with a basket of fruit on the head
(c) Climbing a tree (d) Pushing a wheel barrow
(iv) A particle moves under a force F = CX from X = 0 to X = X1. The work done is:
(a) C(X1)2 (b) C(X1)3 (c) ½ C(X1)2 (d) zero
(v) The work done by an applied force F = x + x3 from x = 0 m to x = 2 m, where x is
displacement is:
(a) 6J (b) 8J (c)10J (d) 12J

Q6. When a force is applied on a body and the body is displaced in the direction of force, then
the kinetic energy of the body changes. This change in the kinetic energy of the body is measured
in terms of work, i.e. the change in kinetic energy of the body must be equal to work done. It is
also known as work energy theorem. If m is the mass of body, u is initial velocity of body, v is
final velocity of body then Work done = Change in kinetic energy, W= ½ mv2- ½ mu2
Questions:
(i) The kinetic energy of a body of mass 2kg and momentum 2N
(a) 1J (b) 2J (c) 3J (d) 4 J
(ii) Two bodies of mass m and 4m have equal kinetic energies. Ratio of their linear momenta is:
(a) 1:4 (b)1:2 (c) 1:1 (d) 2:1
(iii) If the momentum is increase by 20% , then the KE is increases by:
 25

(a) 48% (b) 40 % (c) 44 % (d) 35 %

(iv) Which of the following must be known in order to determine the power output of an
automobile?
(a) Final velocity and height (b) Mass and amount of work performed
(c) Force exerted and distance of motion (d) Work performed and elapsed time of work
(v) When a force is applied on a body of mass 20kg, it changes its velocity from 5m/s to 10 m/s.
The work done by the force is:
(a) 550J (b) 650J (c) 750J (d) 850J

Q7. Potential energy is defined only for conservative forces. In the space occupied by
conservative forces every point is associated with certain energy which is called the energy of
position or potential energy When a spring is stretched or compressed from its normal position (x
= 0) by a small distance x, a restoring force is produced in spring to bring it to the normal position.
According to Hooke’s law this restoring force is proportional to the displacement x and its
direction is always opposite to displacement. Then potential energy of spring is given by: U = 1/2
kx2. If spring is stretched from initial position x1 to final position x2 then work done = Increment in
elastic potential energy = ½ k (x22- x12)
Questions:
(i) If two particles are brought near one another, the potential energy of the system will
(a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Remains the same (d) Equal to the K.E.
(ii)If stretch in a spring of force constant k is doubled then the ratio of elastic potential energy in
the two cases will be:
(a) 4:1 (b)1:4 (c)2:1 (d)1:2
(iii) The energy stored in wounded spring watch is:
(a) Kinetic (b) Potential (c) Heat (d) Chemical
(iv) A spring of force constant 800N/m has an extension of 5cm. The work done in extending it
from 5cm to 15 cm is:
(a) 4J (b) 8J (c) 12J (d) 16J
(v) When a spring is stretched by 2cm, it stores 100 J of energy. If it is stretched further by 2cm,
the stored energy will be increased by:
(a) 100J (b) 200J (c) 300J (d) 400J
 26

Q8. In everyday life, the term work is used to

refer to any form of activity that requires the
exertion of mental or muscular efforts. In
physics, work is said to be done by a force or
against the direction of the force, when the
point of application of the force moves towards
or against the direction of the force. If no
displacement takes place, no work is said to be
done.
Questions:
(i) A box is pushed through 4.0 m across a floor offering 100 N force. How much work is done by
the applied force?
(a) 100J (b) 200 J (c) 300 J (d) 400 J
(ii) What is work done in holding a 15 kg suitcase while waiting for 15 minutes?
(a)22.5 J (b)225 J (c) zero (d) 150 J
(iii) Frictional forces are:
(a) conservative forces (b) non- conservative forces (c) buoyant force (d) none of these
(iv) When the body moves in circular motion, net 'work' done is:
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) none of these
(v) Force of 4N is applied on a body of mass 20 kg. The work done in 3rd second is:
(a) 2J (b)4J (c) 6J (d) 8J

Q9. In physics, we come across many examples of collisions. The molecules of a gas collide with
one another and with the container. The collisions of a neutron with an atom is well known. In a
nuclear reactor, fast neutrons produced in the fission of uranium atom have to be slowed down.
They are, therefore, made to collide with hydrogen atom. The term collision does not necessarily
mean that a particle or a body must actually strike another. In fact, two particles may not even
touch each other and yet they are said to collide if one particle influences the motion of the other.
When two bodies collide, each body exerts an equal and opposite force on the other. The
fundamental conservation law of physics are used to determine the velocities of the bodies after
the collision. Collision may be elastic or inelastic. Thus a collision may be defined as an event in
which two or more bodies exert relatively strong forces on each other for a relatively short time.
The forces that the bodies exert on each other are internal to the system. Almost all the knowledge
about the sub-atomic particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons, muons, quarks, etc. is obtained
 27

from the experiments involving collisions. There are certain collisions called nuclear reactions in
which new particles are formed. For example, when a slow neutron collides with a U235 nucleus,
new nuclei barium-141 and Kr92 are formed. This collision is called nuclear fission. In nuclear
fusion, two nuclei deuterium and tritium collide (or fuse) to form a helium nucleus with the
emission of a neutron.
QUESTIONS -
Q.1 Which one of the following collisions is not elastic?
(a) A hard steel ball dropped on a hard concrete floor and rebounding to its original height.
(b) Two balls moving in the same direction collide and stick to each other
(c) Collision between molecules of an ideal gas.
(d) Collisions of fast neutrons with hydrogen atoms in a fission reactor.

(ii) Which one of the following statements is true about inelastic collision?
(a)The total kinetic energy of the particles after collision is equal to that before collision.
(b) The total kinetic energy of the particle after collision is less than that before collision.
(c) The total momentum of the particles after collision is less than that before collision.
(d) Kinetic energy and momentum are both conserved in the collision.
(iii) In elastic collision:
(a) Only energy is conserved. (b) Only momentum is conserved.
(c) Neither energy nor momentum is conserved.
(d) Both energy and momentum are conserved.
Q10 Work is said to be done by the force acting on a body, provided the body is displaced actually
in any direction except in a direction perpendicular to the direction of force. Mathematically,
W = 𝐹⃗ . 𝑆⃗ = F S cos ϴ. Here energy is the capacity of a body to do the work;
𝑊 𝐹⃗ .𝑆⃗
Power is the rate at which the body can do the work. P = = = 𝐹⃗ . 𝑣⃗
𝑡 𝑡

Both work and energy are measured in joule and power is measured in watt.
QUESTIONS -
(i) A box is pushed through 4.0 m across a floor offering 100N resistance. Work done by the
applied force is:
(a) 400J (b) -400J (c) 25J (d) 0.04J
(ii) In the above question, work done by the resisting force is:
(a) 400J (b) -400J (c) 25J (d) -25J
(iii) In the above question, work done by gravity is
 28

(a) 400J (b) -400J (c) zero (d) -25J

(iv) A truck draws a tractor of mass 1000kg at a steady rate of 20ms -1 on a level road. The tension
in the coupling is 2000N. Power spent on the tractor is:
(a) 40W (b) 20W (c) 20kW (d) 40kW
Q11.Potential energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its position
P.E. = m g h where the symbols have their usual meaning. Kinetic energy of a body is the energy
1
possessed by the body by virtue of its velocity. K.E. = 2mv2 Energy can neither be created nor be

destroyed. However energy can be changed from one form to the other, such that energy appearing
in one form is equal to the energy disappearing in other form.
QUESTIONS
(i) A body of mass 1kg is allowed to fall freely under gravity. The momentum of the body 5
second after it starts falling is:
(a) 100 kgms-1 (b) 50 kgms-1 (c) 150 kgms-1 (d) 200 kgms-1
(ii) Kinetic energy of the body at the same time is
(a) 1250 J (b) 2500 J (c) 625 J (d) 2500 J
(iii) The body will attain this K.E. when it fall freely from a height of
(a) 125m (b) 250m (c) 1250m (d) 2500m
(iv) Velocity of the body on striking the ground will be:
(a) 25m/s (b) 12.5m/s (c) 50m/s (d) 100m/s
(v) The ratio of P.E. to K.E. at a height of 62.5 m above the ground is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
Q12. An elastic collision is a collision in which there is no net loss in kinetic energy in the system
as a result of the collision. Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved quantities in elastic
collisions.

QUESTIONS
 29

(i) In which motion, momentum changes but K.E does not?

(a) Circular motion (b) Parabolic motion (c) Straight line motion (d) None of these
(ii) The coefficient of restitution for elastic collision is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) infinite
(iii)Two balls at the same temperature collide. What is conserved?
(a) momentum (b) velocity (c) kinetic energy (d) none of these
(iv) Momenta of two objects moving with same speed but in opposite direction upon collision is:
(a) Increased (b) decrease (c) Zero (d) none of these
(v) In elastic collision, the relative speed of approach and separation is:
(a) Equal (b)unequal (c)zero (d) infinite

Q13. In nature we have various types of forces. A force is said to be a conservative force if work
done by (or against) the force for moving an object from one position to another position depends
on these two initial and final) points but is independent of other factors like the nature of path
followed or velocity of object. It is also found that work done on an object against the conservative
force present there gets stored up as the potential energy of the object. When external constraints
are removed, the stored potential energy manifests itself as kinetic energy. lf above mentioned
conditions are not fulfilled then force is called a non-conservative force.

(a) Give two examples of conservative forces.

(b) Three girls of same mass climb through a certain height h' following different paths
shown as A, B and C in the figure. In which case is the work done against gravity maximum and in
which case it is minimum?
(c) An object is taken from position A to B via a path ACB and then brought back to
position A via another path BDA. If the force involved is a conservative force, then show that net
work done for entire closed path is zero.
(d) What is a non conservative force? Give two examples
(e) Under which condition is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy valid?