Department of Education

National Capital Region

10 SCHOOLS DI VISION OFFICE

MARIKINA CI TY

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 2
Major Categories of Biomolecules

Rodelio M. Manuel

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 What I Need to Know

The purpose of this module is to help you recognize the major categories of
biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The module has
one lesson: Major Categories of Biomolecules
After going through this module, you are expected to recognize the major
categories of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids. S10MT-IVc-d-22
Specifically, you are expected to:
 describe biomolecules and identify the different elements present in them;
 describe carbohydrates and their classification;
 describe and differentiate the simple and complex lipids;
 identify biomolecules based on the result of physical and chemical tests or based
on their function;
 describe the chemical nature of nucleic acid;
 describe the chemical nature and uses of proteins; and
 identify the different biomolecules present on food labels.

What I Know

Read and understand each item carefully then encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which does not belong to the group?

A. Carbohydrates C. Proteins
B. Lipids D. Phosphate

2. Which biomolecule is made of nucleotides and contains your DNA?

A. Carbohydrates C. Proteins
B. Lipids D. Nucleic Acid

3. What is the monomer for a protein from meat, fish, eggs, beans, bread, nuts, and
seeds?
A. Monosaccharide C. Nucleotide
B. Triglyceride D. Amino Acid

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4. Which food group is high in carbohydrates?
A. Apples, bananas, grapes C. Butter, oil, lard
B. Meats, cheeses, milk, eggs D. Bread, pasta, grain
5. You need a steady supply of amino acids in your diet to maintain a healthy body.
To meet this need, you should make sure you eat enough of which class of
biomolecule?
A. Carbohydrates C. Lipids
B. Proteins D. Nucleic Acid

For Nos. 6-10. Identify the type of biomolecules found in each item.
A. carbohydrates C. lipids
B. proteins D. nucleic acid

6. Your main source of energy

7. Responsible for insulation and energy storage
8. Helps to form a muscle
9. Stores genetic information
10. Compose of glycerol and Fatty Acid

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Lesson Major Categories of Biomolecules

What’s In
Study the food samples below. Then put a check to classify whether they provide
energy, build tissues, and protect the body from diseases.

PROTECT THE
FOOD SAMPLE PROVIDE ENERGY BUILD TISSUES BODY FROM
DISEASES
Pumpkin seeds

Salmon

Banana

Legumes

Sweet potato

Yogurt

Eggs

Brown rice

Garlic and onion

Dark Chocolate

What’s New

A. Cut and Paste

You Will Need:
Used newspaper/magazines
Scotch tape
Short bond paper

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 Procedures:
1. Cut pictures of foods from any printed materials.
2. Categorize each picture according to organic molecules.
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids

3. Answer the table below. Write the examples of foods in the second column and
the benefits.

Organic Molecules Examples Benefits

a. carbohydrates

b. proteins

c. lipids

Guide Question:
Explain this “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are”.

B. Nutrition Facts
Procedures:
1. Examine the Nutrition Facts in the food wrappers.
2. Identify the different biomolecules present and answer the questions that follow.

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 Guide Questions:
1. What are the different biomolecules found from the nutrition facts?

2. Why is the nutrition facts label important?

C. Watch and Listen (Optional)

You Will Need:
Pen and paper
Android phone
Internet connection

Procedures:
1. Use this link, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM, to watch the
video retrieved from YouTube “Amoeba Sisters”.

2. Then, answer the questions below.

Guide Questions:
1. What are the four categories of biomolecules that form the basis of all living
things?

2. What are the examples of food sources of each category of biomolecules?

3. What three elements are common in the chemical structure of all biomolecules?

4. What are the building blocks of each biomolecule?

Test Your Food (Optional)

You will need:

apple beef fat peanut butter

bread meat loaf potato from cooked food
bacon cooked rice Iodine Solution/betadine
paper chicken skin
biscuits

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Procedures:
1. Place a pinch of the food sample on any disposable flat container.
2. Use a medicine dropper to add three to five drops of iodine solution/betadine on
each food sample.
3. Copy Table 1 and write your observations on a piece of paper.
Table 1. Color reactions for Iodine tests
Test
Food Product Iodine Color Reaction
Tube
1 Cooked rice
2 Potato from cooked food
3 Bread
4 Biscuit
5 Apple (or any available fruit)
6 Meatloaf (or any available processed food)

4. Prepare brown papers which are 2 inch by 3 inch in size.

5. Rub one food sample on each brown paper. Label. Observe any translucent area.
6. Copy Table 2 and write your observations on a piece of paper.
Table 2. Grease Spot Test for materials.
Description of Grease-
Sample Food Product
spot Reaction
1 Chicken skin
2 Bacon
3 Beef fat
4 Peanut butter
Note: In the absence of the materials mentioned above you may use any
available material at home which you want to test for the presence of fats.
Hints:
 A food containing starch will turn bluish black when in contact with iodine indicating
the presence of starch.
 A food containing lipids(fats) will produce translucent grease-marks on unglazed
paper
Guide Questions:
1. Based on the activity what food samples contain starch? Why?

2. What food samples have fats? Why?

3. Knowing what food contains starch and fats, what can you do to keep yourself
healthy? Explain.

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 What Is It

Biomolecules Chart
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACID
CARBOHYDRATES one of the most LIPIDS
-phosphorus
end in ose important no true polymer
makes it different
Biomolecules
Provide
structure
Aid in muscle
long storage of
movement
Provide material to energy Contains genetic
Provide
build cell membrane. Cushion and information
FUNCTIONS immunity,
The primary source of insulate organs Directs growth
For growth and
energy Used for cell and development
repair,
membrane
Transport
things in and
out of cells
Glycerol
MONOMERS Monosaccharides Amino Acids (backbone) 3 fatty Nucleotides
Acids
Insulin,
Glucose, Fructose, Hemoglobin, Fats, Oils, Waxes,
EXAMPLES Lactose, Cellulose, Antibodies, Steroids, Sex RNA and DNA
Starch Enzymes, Hormones
Hormones
Carbon, Carbon,
Carbon,
ELEMENTS Carbon, Hydrogen, Hydrogen, Hydrogen,
Hydrogen,
(Basic) Oxygen Oxygen, and Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Oxygen
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Pasta, Bread, Fruits, Seafood, Milk, Butter, Nuts, Oil, Seafoods, Nuts,
FOOD
Vegetables, Sweets, Eggs, Cheese, Steroids, Vegetables,
SOURCE
Honey, Potato, Corn Meat, Fish, Cholesterol, Mushroom

DIAGRAM

File:Alpha-D-glucose File:224 Peptide Category:Triglycerides -

Haworth.svg - Wikimedia Wikimedia Commons
Bond-01.jpg - https://www.mrgscie
Commons
Wikimedia nce.com/gr-9-topic-3-
Commons macro-molecules.html
POLYMER Polysaccharide Protein/Polypep Phospholipids, DNA, RNA, and
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 (starch, Glycogen, tide chain Triglycerides ATP
Cellulose, Chitin)

Biomolecules are various substances that are delivered by cells and living organic
entities. The four major categories of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic
acids, and proteins. The presence of biomolecules like starch in food can be tested using
iodine solution, and presence of fats using grease spot test on a paper.

What’s More

Biomolecules Vocabulary Crossword Puzzle

Use your knowledge of the terms from this module to complete the crossword puzzle
Down:
1. The most common organic molecule
because they make up most plant
matter
2. The biomolecule that carries and
transmits genetic information.
3. The elements contained in
carbohydrates and lipids.
4. This class involves the genetic materials
5. Glycerol and fatty acid
Across:
6. One of the functions of proteins.
7. The building block of proteins.
8. The building block of carbohydrates
9. Peptide bonds
10. Food storage in plants

What I Have Learned

Let us figure out the major categories of Biomolecules. Put C for carbohydrate, P for
Protein, L for lipid, and NA for Nucleic Acid.

___________1. Hair, muscles, hormones, portions of meats.

___________2. Control cell activities.
___________3. The main source of energy.
___________4. Provide quick energy.
___________5. Store energy.
___________6. Potato, bread, and pasta.
___________7. Lean meats, dairy products, poultry, fish, and seafood.
___________8. Cooking oil, dark chocolate, fatty fish, nuts, and soya bean oil.
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 ___________9. Coconut oil, full-fat yogurt, extra virgin olive oil.
___________10. DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

What I Can Do

Choose one from the given tasks.

1. Make a meal plan for breakfast. Classify the food in the meal as to whether they
are rich in protein, carbohydrates, and lipids.
2. Make a 3D foldable graphic organizer for the Advantages and Disadvantages of
Low Carb diet and Keto diet and include the required foods for each diet.
Content - 15 pts; Title - 10 pts; Illustration - 10 pts; Attractiveness – 5 pts

Additional Activities

Create and present a song, poem, poster, rap, slogan, that shows the importance
and the need in monitoring the amount of biomolecules in the body.

Content - 15 pts; Title - 10 pts; Illustration - 10 pts; Attractiveness – 5 pts

Posttest

Read and understand each item carefully then encircle the letter of the best answer

1. The biomolecule structure below would be used for _____

A. storing energy
B. building enzymes
C. provide immunity
D. storing genetic information
File:Alpha-D-glucose Haworth.svg -
Wikimedia Commons

2. What elements are common to all 4 biomolecules?

A. carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus C. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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 B. carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus D. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

3. Which is not an example of Protein?

A. insulin C. antibodies
B. hemoglobin D. lactose

4. Which biomolecule is found in butter and nuts?

A. carbohydrates C. lipids
B. proteins D. nucleic acid

5. Which biomolecule is found in fats, oils, and waxes and is a source of long-term
energy?
A. carbohydrates C. lipids
B. proteins D. nucleic acid

6. Which type of biomolecule is represented by this diagram?

A. carbohydrate
B. protein
C. lipid
D. nucleic acid

organic chemistry - Saturated vs unsaturated fats - Structure in relation to room

temperature state? - Chemistry Stack Exchange

7. What type of test is used in determining the presence of starch?

A. Iodine test C. Free fatty acid test
B. Benedict’s test D. None of these

8. What is the composition of a nucleotide?

A. a sugar + a phosphate C. base + a sugar + phosphate
B. a base + a phosphate D. a base + a sugar

9. Which biomolecule stores genes, and encodes messages for gene expression?
A. carbohydrates C. lipids
B. proteins D. nucleic acid

10. Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following
are the four most abundant elements in biomolecules?
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 A. copper, oxygen, boron, silver C. magnesium, sodium, carbon, calcium
B. carbon, fluorine, neon, helium D. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

References

ABC Science. “Low Carb Diet: Fat or Fiction? Does it work?” Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GUIBNKnT1M

Amoeba Sisters. “Biomolecules (Updated),” Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM&t=32s

Bestie. “20 Foods High In Protein That You Should Be Eating,” Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnD_l-bA98s

Diet and Nutrition. “7 Foods That Fight Back: Immune System Boosters,” Retrieved from
https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet-nutrition/7-foods-fight-back-immune-
system-boosters/

Doctor Oz. “Everything You Need to Know About the Keto Diet,” Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bspqlf7fgnw

Engineering Projects. “10 Rules For Reading a Food Label,” Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-o-83k8dP0

Healthline. “27 Foods That Can Give You More Energy,’’ Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/energy-boosting-foods

S.P. Bhutani. "Chemistry of Biomolecules,” Retrieved from

https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Chemistry_of_Biomolecules_Second_Edi
tion.html?id=TOyDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_es
c=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

TED-Ed. “How do carbohydrates impact your health? - Richard J. Wood,” Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxzc_2c6GMg

The Organic Chemistry Tutor. “Lipids - Fatty Acids, Triglycerides, Phospholipids,

Terpenes, Waxes, Eicosanoids,” Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dmoH5dAvpY

The Star/News Asia Network. “Foods that Build Tissues in the Body,” Retrieved from
https://www.asiaone.com/health/foods-build-tissues-body

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What’s In
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
What’s New
Activity 1 Activity 4 (optional)
Answers may vary Guide Questions.
Activity 2 Answers may vary
Guide Questions. What’s More
1. carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids
2. Answers may vary.
Activity 3
Guide Questions.
1. Carbohydrates,
Proteins,Lipids and Nucleic
Acid
2. Carbohydrates-Pastas,
Bread, Proteins- meat and
Egss, Lipids- Butter and nuts What I have Learned
3. All category have Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Oxygen 1. P 6. C
4. Carbohydrates 2. NA 7. P
3. C 8. L
4. C 9. L
5. L 10. NA
.
Proteins
 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rodelio M. Manuel

Content Editors: Alma B. Castaño

Edna R. Francisco
Lei B. Penaflor
Jessica S. Mateo

Language Editor: Merian A. Dizon

Cover Illustrator: Lian Joseph A. Domingo
Layout Artists: Guiller P. Belen
Jemwel Dela Paz
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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