Scribd
Upload
24 views45 pages

Roman Architecture 4

Uploaded by

baraa.mimi14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views45 pages

Roman Architecture 4

Uploaded by

baraa.mimi14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 45

History of Architecture I

Roman Architecture IV
Etruscan Architecture

Etruscan Temples Etruscan Arches Etruscan Cuniculus


Architecture of
Late republic & Early Empire
Temples

Maison Carree The Pantheon


The Roman Forum
The Basilica
The Basilica
The Basilica
• An open public court building, usually located adjacent to the forum of a
Roman town

• It was one of the rst large-scale Roman building types in which the
interior took precedence over the exterior
fi
The Basilica

• It was in one sense a small


enclosed forum surrounding by its
own colonnades or stoas

• Its central space, usually rectangular


like the forum, had a trussed
timber roof and was open at the
sides to lower aisles behind the
colonnades

• Light frequently came from


clerestory windows above the
colonnades, and there might be
side galleries above the aisles
The Basilica

1. Nave
2. Aisles
3. Apses
4. Entrance
The Basilica
The Basilica
Basilica of Ulpia
(Late Empire Period, 112 AD)
Basilica of Ulpia

Was built transversely over the full width of the Trajan forum, 120m
Basilica of Ulpia

It consisted of a huge rectangular nave, 25m wide and surrounded on


all sided by double colonnades
Basilica of Ulpia

• Extended beyond the end colonnades by 2 semicircular apes

• Galleries over both aisles created by the colonnades and, the light was
through a clearstory, and the main nave was roofed with trussed timber
Basilica of Ulpia
Basilica Maxentius
(Late Empire Period, 307-325 AD)
Basilica Maxentius
Basilica Maxentius

• Began by the Emperor Maxentius in 307


AD and finished by Constantine in 325 AD

• The central space measured 80.8 by


25.4m and covered by three huge cross
vaults with a semicircular apes at the
northwest end
Basilica Maxentius
Basilica Maxentius

• Three large chambers


on each side provided
buttressing for the
concrete cross vault of
the centre of the nave

• Each of the side


chambers measured
23.2 by 17.1m and was
covered by a barrel
vault
Basilica Maxentius
The Roman Bath
The Roman Bath
The Roman Bath

They consisted originally of a series of rooms of very different forms


reflecting their uses in the bathing sequence, which progressed from a cold
plunge to a warm room and then a hot room
The Roman Bath

• In Rome itself, there were about 952 baths in 354 AD, called the
Thermae, and were used for much more than simply washing, the bath
combined aspects of modern health club with public library and school

• The big baths contained shops, lounges & restaurants, exercise yards,
libraries, lecture halls and reading rooms exercise spaces
The Roman Bath
The Roman Bath
The Roman Bath

• Republican bathhouses often had separate bathing facilities for women


and men, but by the time of the empire, the custom was to open the
baths to women during the early part of the day and reserve them for
men from 2pm until closing at sundown

• The baths were secular spaces not associated with altars or divine
patronage
Baths of Caracalla
(212-216 AD)
Baths of Caracalla
Baths of Caracalla

• The bath of Caracalla


was one of the largest in
Rome with more than
1,600 bathers of one
gender could be
accommodated

• The entire complex was


351 m wide and 379 m
deep

• Along the north side


were shops, and on the
sides were libraries and
lecture halls
Baths of Caracalla

• The principal bath building was 228x116m

• To the north, there is a the swimming pool, the natatio, open to the sky
Baths of Caracalla
Baths of Caracalla

• The pool leads to the large cold room, the frigidarium, which had 3 cross
vaults rising up to 32.9m above the roof

• Clerestory light would have filtered down into the space


Baths of Caracalla
Baths of Caracalla

Immediately south of the frigidarium there was a warm room, the tepidarium,
with 2 pools at the sides of the hall, Heat was supplied by hypocaust ducts
from below
Baths of Caracalla
Baths of Caracalla

South and on the central axis was the domed hot room, the Calidarium with
hot pools in niches in the wall of the drum
Baths of Caracalla

calidarium tepidarium frigidarium natatio


Baths of Caracalla

The right and left rooms led to the palaestra, the exercise courts
Baths of Caracalla
Baths of Caracalla
Next lecture

To be continued …

You might also like