SELECT * FROM employees;

SELECT * FROM shops;

SELECT * FROM locations;

SELECT * FROM suppliers;

SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees;

SELECT employee_id, hire_date, salary

FROM employees;

-- Select only the employees who make more than 50k

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE salary > 50000;

-- Select only the employees who work in Common Grounds coffeshop

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE coffeeshop_id = 1;

-- Select all the employees who work in Common Grounds and make more than 50k

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE salary > 50000 AND coffeeshop_id = 1;

-- Select all the employees who work in Common Grounds or make more than 50k

SELECT *
FROM employees

WHERE salary > 50000 OR coffeeshop_id = 1;

-- Select all the employees who work in Common Grounds, make more than 50k and are male

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE

salary > 50000

AND coffeeshop_id = 1

AND gender = 'M';

-- Select all the employees who work in Common Grounds or make more than 50k or are male

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE

salary > 50000

OR coffeeshop_id = 1

OR gender = 'M';

-- IN, NOT IN, IS NULL, BETWEEN

-- Select all rows from the suppliers table where the supplier is Beans and Barley

SELECT *

FROM suppliers

WHERE supplier_name = 'Beans and Barley';

-- Select all rows from the suppliers table where the supplier is NOT Beans and Barley

SELECT *

FROM suppliers
WHERE NOT supplier_name = 'Beans and Barley';

SELECT *

FROM suppliers

WHERE supplier_name <> 'Beans and Barley';

-- Select all Robusta and Arabica coffee types

SELECT *

FROM suppliers

WHERE coffee_type IN ('Robusta', 'Arabica');

SELECT *

FROM suppliers

WHERE

coffee_type = 'Robusta'

OR coffee_type = 'Arabica';

-- ORDER BY, LIMIT, DISTINCT, Renaming columns

-- Order by salary ascending

SELECT

employee_id,

first_name,

last_name,

salary

FROM employees

ORDER BY salary;

-- Order by salary descending

employee_id,

first_name,

last_name,

salary

FROM employees

ORDER BY salary DESC;

-- Top 10 highest paid employees

SELECT

employee_id,

first_name,

last_name,

salary

FROM employees

ORDER BY salary DESC

LIMIT 10;

-- Return all unique coffeeshop ids

SELECT DISTINCT coffeeshop_id

FROM employees;

-- Return all unique countries

SELECT DISTINCT country

FROM locations;

-- Renaming columns

SELECT

email,
 email AS email_address,

hire_date,

hire_date AS date_joined,

salary,

salary AS pay

FROM employees;

--SEPARACIÓN EN COLUMNAS A PARTIR DE LA FECHA GENERAL

SELECT

hire_date as date,

EXTRACT(YEAR FROM hire_date) AS año,

EXTRACT(MONTH FROM hire_date) AS mes,

EXTRACT(DAY FROM hire_date) AS día

FROM employees;

SELECT

first_name,

UPPER(first_name) AS first_name_upper,

last_name,

UPPER(last_name) AS last_name_upper

FROM employees;

-- Lowercase first and last names

SELECT

first_name,

LOWER(first_name) AS first_name_upper,

last_name,

LOWER(last_name) AS last_name_upper

FROM employees;
-- Return the email and the length of emails

SELECT

email,

LENGTH(email) AS email_length

FROM employees;

-- TRIM

SELECT

LENGTH(' HELLO ') AS hello_with_spaces,

LENGTH('HELLO') AS hello_no_spaces,

LENGTH(TRIM(' HELLO ')) AS hello_trimmed;

-- Concatenate first and last names to create full names

SELECT

first_name,

last_name,

first_name || ' ' || last_name AS full_name

FROM employees;

-- Concatenate columns to create a sentence

SELECT

first_name || ' ' || last_name || ' makes ' || salary

FROM employees;

-- Boolean expressios

-- if the person makes less than 50k, then true, otherwise false

SELECT

first_name || ' ' || last_name AS full_name,

salary,

(salary < 50000) AS less_than_50k

-- if the person is a female and makes less than 50k, then true, otherwise false

SELECT

first_name || ' ' || last_name AS full_name,

salary,

(salary < 20000 AND gender = 'F') AS less_than_20k_female

FROM employees

LIMIT 15;

-- Boolean expressions with wildcards (% subString)

-- if email has '.com', return true, otherwise false

SELECT

email,

(email like '%.com%') AS dotcom_flag

FROM employees;

SELECT

email,

(email like '%.gov%') AS dotgov_flag

FROM employees;

-- return only government employees

select

first_name || ' ' || last_name as full_name,

email as gov_email

from employees

where email like '%.gov%';

-- SUBSTRING

-- Get the email from the 5th character

SELECT

email,

SUBSTRING(email FROM 5) --NÚMERO DE CARACTERES EN UNA CELDA

FROM employees;

-- POSITION

-- Find the position of '@' in the email

SELECT

email,

POSITION('@' IN email)

FROM employees;

-- SUBSTRING & POSITION to find the email client

SELECT

email,

SUBSTRING(email FROM POSITION('@' IN email)) --TEXTO QUE SE ENCUENTRA DESPUÉS

FROM employees;

SELECT

email,

SUBSTRING(email FROM POSITION('@' IN email) + 1)

FROM employees;

-- COALESCE to fill missing emails with custom value

email,

COALESCE(email, 'NO EMAIL PROVIDED') --REMPLAZO DE UNA CELDA VACÍA O NO EXISTE

FROM employees;

-- MIN, MAX, AVG, SUM, COUNT

-- Select the minimum salary

SELECT MIN(salary) as min_sal

FROM employees;

-- Select the maximum salary

SELECT MAX(salary) as max_sal

FROM employees;

-- Select difference between maximum and minimum salary

SELECT MAX(salary) - MIN(salary) AS REMOVED_EXTREMES

FROM employees;

-- Select the average salary

SELECT AVG(salary)

FROM employees;

-- Round average salary to nearest integer

SELECT ROUND(AVG(salary),2)

FROM employees;

-- Sum up the salaries

SELECT SUM(salary)
FROM employees;

-- Count the number of entries

SELECT COUNT(*)

FROM employees;

SELECT COUNT(salary)

FROM employees;

SELECT COUNT(email)

FROM employees;

-- summary

SELECT

MIN(salary) as min_sal,

MAX(salary) as max_sal,

MAX(salary) - MIN(salary) as diff_sal,

round(avg(salary), 0) as average_sal,

sum(salary) as total_sal,

count(*) as num_of_emp

FROM employees;

-- GROUP BY & HAVING

-- Return the number of employees for each coffeeshop

SELECT

coffeeshop_id,

COUNT(employee_id)

FROM employees
GROUP BY coffeeshop_id;

-- Return the total salaries for each coffeeshop

SELECT

coffeeshop_id,

SUM(salary)

FROM employees

GROUP BY coffeeshop_id;

-- Return the number of employees, the avg & min & max & total salaries for each coffeeshop

SELECT

coffeeshop_id,

COUNT(*) AS num_of_emp,

ROUND(AVG(salary), 0) AS avg_sal,

MIN(salary) AS min_sal,

MAX(salary) AS max_sal,

SUM(salary) AS total_sal

FROM employees

GROUP BY coffeeshop_id

ORDER BY num_of_emp DESC;

-- HAVING

-- After GROUP BY, return only the coffeeshops with more than 200 employees

SELECT

coffeeshop_id,

COUNT(*) AS num_of_emp,

ROUND(AVG(salary), 0) AS avg_sal,

MIN(salary) AS min_sal,

MAX(salary) AS max_sal,
 SUM(salary) AS total_sal

FROM employees

GROUP BY coffeeshop_id

HAVING COUNT(*) > 200 -- filter, alter "where" after "gruop by"

ORDER BY num_of_emp DESC;

-- After GROUP BY, return only the coffeeshops with a minimum salary of less than 10k

SELECT

coffeeshop_id,

COUNT(*) AS num_of_emp,

ROUND(AVG(salary), 0) AS avg_sal,

MIN(salary) AS min_sal,

MAX(salary) AS max_sal,

SUM(salary) AS total_sal

FROM employees

GROUP BY coffeeshop_id

HAVING MIN(salary) < 10000

ORDER BY num_of_emp DESC;

SELECT

email,

SUBSTRING(email FROM 5) --refiere al conteo de de cada una de las palabras que tiene el
correo

FROM employees;

-- POSITION

-- Find the position of '@' in the email

email,

POSITION('@' IN email) -- identifica el lugar en la que se encuentra el objeto: @

FROM employees;

SELECT

email,

SUBSTRING(email FROM POSITION('@' IN email))

FROM employees;

SELECT a.pay_category, COUNT(*)

FROM(

SELECT

employee_id,

first_name || ' ' || last_name as full_name,

salary,

CASE

WHEN salary < 20000 THEN 'low pay'

WHEN salary BETWEEN 20000 and 50000 THEN 'medium pay'

WHEN salary > 50000 THEN 'high pay'

ELSE 'no pay'

END as pay_category

FROM employees

ORDER BY salary DESC

)a

GROUP BY a.pay_category;

-- Transpose above

SELECT
 SUM(CASE WHEN salary < 20000 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS low_pay,

SUM(CASE WHEN salary BETWEEN 20000 AND 50000 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS medium_pay,

SUM(CASE WHEN salary > 50000 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS high_pay

FROM employees;

INNER JOINT

SELECT

s.coffeeshop_name,

l.city,

l.country

FROM

shops s

JOIN locations l

ON s.city_id = l.city_id;

-- FULL OUTER JOIN

SELECT

s.coffeeshop_name,

l.city,

l.country

FROM

shops s

FULL OUTER JOIN locations l

ON s.city_id = l.city_id;

-- Delete the values we created just for the JOIN exercises

DELETE FROM locations WHERE city_id = 4;

DELETE FROM shops WHERE coffeeshop_id = 6;

-- Subqueries
-- Basic subqueries with subqueries in the FROM clause

SELECT *

FROM (

SELECT *

FROM employees

where coffeeshop_id IN (3,4)

) as a;

SELECT

a.employee_id,

a.first_name,

a.last_name

FROM (

SELECT *

FROM employees

where coffeeshop_id IN (3,4)

) a;

-- Basic subqueries with subqueries in the SELECT clause

SELECT

first_name,

last_name,

salary,

SELECT MAX(salary)

FROM employees

LIMIT 1

) max_sal

FROM employees;
SELECT

first_name,

last_name,

salary,

SELECT ROUND(AVG(salary), 0)

FROM employees

LIMIT 1

) avg_sal

FROM employees;

SELECT

first_name,

last_name,

salary,

salary - ( -- avg_sal

SELECT ROUND(AVG(salary), 0)

FROM employees

LIMIT 1

) avg_sal_diff

FROM employees;

-- Subqueries in the WHERE clause

-- Return all US coffee shops

SELECT *

FROM shops

WHERE city_id IN ( -- US city_id's

SELECT city_id
 FROM locations

WHERE country = 'United States'

);

-- Return all employees who work in US coffee shops

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE coffeeshop_id IN ( -- US coffeeshop_id's

SELECT coffeeshop_id

FROM shops

WHERE city_id IN ( -- US city-id's

SELECT city_id

FROM locations

WHERE country = 'United States'

);

-- Return all employees who make over 35k and work in US coffee shops

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE salary > 35000 AND coffeeshop_id IN ( -- US coffeeshop_id's

SELECT coffeeshop_id

FROM shops

WHERE city_id IN ( -- US city_id's

SELECT city_id

FROM locations

WHERE country = 'United States'

);
-- 30 day moving total pay

-- The inner query calculates the total_salary of employees who were hired "within" the 30-day
period before the hire_date of the current employee

SELECT

hire_date,

salary,

SELECT SUM(salary)

FROM employees e2

WHERE e2.hire_date BETWEEN e1.hire_date - 30 AND e1.hire_date

) AS pay_pattern

FROM employees e1

ORDER BY hire_date;