Fall 2023 QCR Lab 1
Namal University, Mianwali
Department of Business Studies
CS-100 (L) – Quantitative and Computational Reasoning
(Lab)
Lab – 1
Introduction to Computers
Student Name Roll No.
Marks Obtained
Date:13-10-2023
Instructor: Shahzad Arif
Lab Engineer: Kanwal Habib
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Fall 2023 QCR Lab 1
Objectives
• To familiar with computer hardware, software, input/output devices, and parts of
Computers.
• Operating System
• Familiarization with Basics of Desktop
• Dealing with folders, Creation, Deletion, recycle bin, Copy, Paste of files and folders.
Instructions
This is an individual lab. You will perform the tasks individually and submit the required
tasks in the given time.
Plagiarism or any hint thereof will be dealt with strictly. Any incident where plagiarismis
caught, both (or all) students involved will be given zero marks, regardless of who copied
whom. Multiple such incidents will result in disciplinary action being taken.
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Fall 2023 QCR Lab 1
Introduction to Computers
The term computer has been borrowed from compute that means to calculate
Initially computers were used only for arithmetic calculation at fast speed.
Computer is an electronic device that accept data as its input, processor it by doing some
kinds of manipulations and produce the desired result as the output.
INPUT c PROCESS c OUTPUT
Simplest Work Flow of Computers
Hardware
Hardware are the PHYSICAL COMPONENTS of the Computer System.
Examples: All the electronic parts. All cables. All accessories, keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer,
cabinet, circuits, microprocessor (except CPU), floppy disk drive, hard disk drive and other storage
devices are called the hardware of a Computer.
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Fall 2023 QCR Lab 1
Software
SOFTWARE are the logical components of the computer system. These are basically the programs
and information stored in the computer.
The hardware and software can be better explained with the help of a music system.
Hardware: The device, cassette, tape, wires etc.
Software: The music stored in the tapes.
OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware
resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital
component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs require an
operating system to function.
Examples:
• Microsoft Windows
• Linux
Parts of Computers
Block Diagram
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Fall 2023 QCR Lab 1
Input Devices
Data and Instruction are entered into a computer through input device. An input device converts
input data and instruction into electrical signals (binary form) that can be accepted by the
computer. There are a large variety of input devices available. The commonly used input devices
are the keyboard and mouse.
Output Devices
An output device is a device which accepts data from a computer and translates it into a form
which is suitable for use by the outside world. Several output devices are available today. They
can be broadly classified into the following categories:
• Monitors
• Printers
• Plotters
• Screen image projector
• Voice response systems
For example: Floppy disk, Hard Disk, CD ROM, Pen drive, etc.
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Fall 2023 QCR Lab 1
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The CPU is the brain of any computer system. It is also called as the nerve center of the system
because it performs central control functions. All the computational, logical and operational
decisions are taken here only. It contains all the circuits or the mother board for performing the
various computational activities.
CPU consists of 3 basic parts, they are Memory Unit or Storage Unit, Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(ALU) and Control Unit (CU).
Memory
A computer system has storage area, which is referred to as memory. A computer stores data
using several different methods. Therefore, there are different levels of data storage, which may
be referred to as primary and secondary storage.
However, primary and secondary storage may also refer specifically to the components inside
the computer. In this case, primary storage typically refers to Random Access Memory (RAM),
while secondary storage refers to the computer’s hard drive.
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Fall 2023 QCR Lab 1
S.N Primary Storage Secondary Storage
1 Primary memory is known as main Secondary memory is known as additional
memory memory or back memory.
2 These memories are also called as These memories are also called as external
internal memory memory
3 Primary memory is temporary The secondary memory is permanent
4 Commonly used primary memory Generally secondary memories range
(main memory) available in the range between 80 GB to 4 TB Hard Disc Drives.
of 512 MB to 8 GB RAMs
Control Unit (CU)
Controls the various operations within a computer. It basically manages all the other units and
devices of the computer system. It does so by transmitting timing and control signals to the
various devices and units.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
It performs the various arithmetic and logical operations on the data stored in memory, as dictated
by the instruction. Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division. Function of logic section is to perform logic operations
such as comparing, selecting, and matching of data.
PORTS
Ports are the socket at the back of the computer that allows different peripheral devices to connect
to the computer.
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Fall 2023 QCR Lab 1
Lab Task Details:
Identify Parts of the desktop:
1. My Computer
a. Create a folder
1. Double Click on My Computer
2. Double Click on the C:\ Drive
3. From the File Menu, Choose New\ folder.
4. Type the name of folder
b. Copy folder
• Select file(s)
• Click and drag from one drive to another
• Ctrl + drag to a different folder on the same drive
• Edit, Copy and Edit, Paste from the Menu Bar
• Copy and Paste buttons from the Toolbar
• Shortcut Menu (right click), Copy and Paste
c. Move folder
• Select file(s)
• Click and drag to a different folder on the same drive.
• Edit, Cut and Edit, Paste from the Menu Bar.
• Cut and Paste buttons from the Toolbar.
• Shortcut Menu (right click), Cut and Paste.
d. Delete folder
• Select the file(s) and Press the Del key
• From the menu = select File then Delete
• Shortcut Menu (right click)
e. Renaming a File
• Select file(s)
• From the menu select File then Rename
• Shortcut Menu (right click)
• Type the new file name
2. Recycle bin
a. Empty Recycle bin
• Double click the Recycle Bin icon
• From the File Menu, choose Empty Recycle Bin
• Choose Yes
b. Restore Deleted files
• Double click the Recycle Bin icon
• Select the item to restore
• Drag the deleted item to the desired location or Highlight the file and
• From the File menu choose Restore.
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Fall 2023 QCR Lab 1
Assignment Tasks
PROBLEM#1
Write down the precise history of computers in your own words.
PROBLEM#2
Discuss the usage of computers in particular areas; individuals, society, organization etc.
PROBLEM#3
Write some advantages and disadvantages of using computers.
PROBLEM#4
Which operating system was used in earliest mobile phones: Nokia-1100? And in your Mobile
phone. Name various Operating systems available in market.
