Section 1 , Module 3:

Reading and Writing 31:42

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According to an urban development expert, the city's 1 Mark for Review abc

architectural charm is ______ other factors when

considering the growth of tourism. Even significant Which choice completes the text with the most
architectural diversity has a minor effect on tourist logical and precise word or phrase?

attraction, while factors like cultural events,

hospitality, and safety have stronger influences. Ⓐ justified by

Ⓑ reflected in

Ⓒ overshadowed by

Ⓓ equivalent to

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 31:56
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In the modern world, as we become more 2 Mark for Review abc

interconnected, understanding the various cultures

and societies around us becomes increasingly Which choice completes the text with the most
necessary. One approach is through language logical and precise word or phrase?

acquisition, which enables communication and ______

a deeper appreciation and understanding of cultural Ⓐ diminishes

nuances and idiosyncrasies.

Ⓑ engenders

Ⓒ confounds

Ⓓ shirks

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 31:50
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Several archaeologists have historically argued that 3 Mark for Review abc

ancient urban centers across the globe functioned

independently of one another due to the vast Which choice completes the text with the most
distances separating them. However, recent findings logical and precise word or phrase?

by Maya Patel challenge this view, uncovering

evidence of ______ trade networks that connected Ⓐ intermittent

civilizations from different continents, such as the

exchange of goods between the Indus Valley and Ⓑ extensive
Mesopotamia.
Ⓒ sporadic

Ⓓ negligible

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 31:44
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The following text is adapted from the novel Wired 4 Mark for Review abc

Future, authored by L.F. Blake.

As used in the text, what does the word "autonomy"
most nearly mean?
JOHN: The surge of new technologies is astounding,
isn't it? It feels like every week there's something new Ⓐ Diversity
that promises to revolutionize our lives.
Ⓑ Independence
EMMA: Absolutely, but with all these advances comes
a downside. We've become so reliant on technology
that it's almost like we can't function without it. Ⓒ Assistance

JOHN: You make a valid point. In embracing these Ⓓ Efficiency

technological wonders, it seems we've surrendered a
notable part of our autonomy.

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 31:34
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In the study of chronobiology, the exploration of both 5 Mark for Review abc

genetic and environmental influences on biological

rhythms—such as circadian cycles and annual Which choice best states the main purpose of the
patterns—is paramount. These rhythms, essential for text?

life's synchronicity with nature, are modulated by

external factors including light and temperature, Ⓐ It critically examines various hypotheses on

which, in turn, impact gene expression and result in the evolutionary development of circadian rhythms.

consistent physiological modifications. A research

conducted by Mariela Castro and her team has Ⓑ It showcases the investigative techniques for
revealed that circadian rhythms, typically associated pinpointing genes that regulate circadian rhythms.
with mammals, are also present in marine algae,
influenced by light-sensitive proteins that orchestrate
gene expression in harmony with environmental light Ⓒ It unveils research findings that broaden the
spectrum of species known to possess circadian
variations. rhythms.

Ⓓ It assesses the relative impact of different

environmental stimuli on the control of biological
rhythms.

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 31:28
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A research article published by Samantha Peterson 6 Mark for Review abc

and her colleagues in the Journal of Clinical

Psychology outlines a potential link between Which choice best states the function of the
increased time spent outdoors and improved mental underlined sentence in the overall structure of the
text?
health. In their study, the team used a sample of 500
participants over a period of two years, analyzing their
daily routines and measuring the amount of time Ⓐ To argue the significance of the research
team's findings
spent outside. They discovered that individuals who
spent at least 30 minutes outside each day reported
significantly lower levels of stress and anxiety. data
Ⓑ To provide a detailed analysis of the research

Ⓒ To explain the methodology utilized in

conducting the study

Ⓓ To refute a common misconception about

outdoor activities and mental health

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 31:21
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In the colorful world of Gabriel Richter, a musician and 7 Mark for Review abc

a painter, his creative expressions often reflect one

another. His album Saffron Reverie (2015) features his Which choice best describes the overall structure of
original music and a distinctive self-portrait on the the text?

cover that bears a remarkable resemblance to Claude

Monet's Self-Portrait in a Straw Hat. The cover Ⓐ It discusses Monet's influence on Gabriel,

painting draws attention to the album's title track, then ponders about Gabriel's influence on
contemporary artists.
wherein Gabriel explores themes of fleeting moments
and temporal beauty—themes consistent with
Impressionist ideals. Further, through the lyrics of the Ⓑ It describes the similarity between two artists,
song, Gabriel hints at his profound artistic resonance then underscores a discernible distinction between

with Monet, an idea visually reaffirmed by the album's them.

cover.
Ⓒ It outlines the content of Saffron Reverie,
then details its connection to the album's cover.

Ⓓ It introduces a claim about Gabriel's artistry,

then supplies evidence corroborating that claim.

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 31:10
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In quantum computing, the stability of qubits— 8 Mark for Review abc

quantum bits that represent the fundamental building

blocks of quantum computers—is crucial for the Based on the text, how are topological insulators
development of reliable quantum systems. Unlike believed to be involved in enhancing the stability of
qubits in Lin and her colleagues' study?
classical bits, which can be either 0 or 1, qubits can
exist in multiple states simultaneously due to a
principle known as superposition. However, Ⓐ Topological insulators increase the
computational speed of qubits by allowing faster
maintaining qubit coherence in the face of quantum operations.
environmental interference is a significant challenge.
A recent breakthrough by Aisha Lin and her team
involves the use of topological insulators, materials Ⓑ Topological insulators protect qubits from

that conduct electricity on their surface but not environmental interference, potentially maintaining
their coherence.
through their interior, to shield qubits from such
interference. The researchers suggest that the unique
properties of topological insulators could help Ⓒ Topological insulators enable qubits to store
maintain qubit stability by creating a more controlled more information, increasing their capacity beyond
the binary limits of classical bits.
environment for quantum operations.
Ⓓ Topological insulators reduce the energy
consumption of quantum computers by improving
qubit efficiency.

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 31:01
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In 1927, the ancient city of Caral in Peru was 9 Mark for Review abc

discovered, which reshaped our understanding of

pre-Columbian civilizations. However, the true extent Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
of its architectural marvel was not fully appreciated
until aerial drone footage captured by the Peruvian Ⓐ The discovery of Caral in 1927 was a
Ministry of Culture in 2021 was released. The footage significant event in the study of pre-Columbian
unveiled previously unseen intricate structures and civilizations.

complex irrigation systems, reaffirming Caral as a

testament to the advanced civilization that once Ⓑ Advanced irrigation systems were a common
existed there. feature in ancient pre-Columbian civilizations.

Ⓒ Drone footage captured by the Peruvian

Ministry of Culture has revealed previously unseen
aspects of the ancient city of Caral.

Ⓓ The architectural wonders of Caral are yet to

be fully explored and understood.

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 30:56
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Ode to the West Wind is a 1819 poem by Percy Bysshe 10 Mark for Review abc

Shelley. The poem conveys the speaker's longing to

spread his ideas as widely as the wind: ______ Which quotation from Ode to the West Wind most
effectively illustrates the claim?

Ⓐ "O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's

being, / Thou, from whose unseen presence the
leaves dead / Are driven, like ghosts from an
enchanter fleeing,"

Ⓑ "Drive my dead thoughts over the universe /

Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth! / And,
by the incantation of this verse,"

Ⓒ "Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth /

Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! / Be
through my lips to unawakened earth"

Ⓓ "The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, / If

Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 31:44
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11 Mark for Review abc

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to

complete the example?

As cybersecurity risks evolve, understanding compliance Ⓐ healthcare systems in a local network is 90%.
rates within different types of networks has become crucial.
Alice Thompson's research team studied the average
security compliance rates for healthcare and financial Ⓑ financial systems in a public network is 65%.
systems in various network settings: local, cloud-based,
hybrid, and public. The team found that healthcare and
financial systems generally have higher compliance rates in Ⓒ financial systems in a cloud-based network is 92%.

more controlled environments like local and cloud-based

network as compared to less controlled environments like Ⓓ healthcare systems in a public network is 60%.
hybrid and public network. For instance, the average
security compliance rate for healthcare systems in a hybrid
network is 75%, while the rate for ______.

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Section 1 , Module 3:
Reading and Writing 30:45
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In the context of increasing antibiotic resistance, 12 Mark for Review abc

microbiologist Evan Zhao argues that the discovery of

new antibiotics in soil bacteria offers a promising Which finding from the researchers' study, if true,
avenue for developing treatments against resistant would most directly support Zhao's hypothesis?

strains of bacteria. Zhao believes that the vast

diversity of soil microorganisms harbors unique Ⓐ Patients treated with antibiotics derived from

compounds that could be key to overcoming current soil bacteria reported fewer side effects than those
treated with antibiotics from other sources.
challenges in treating infections. To support Zhao's
theory, a team of researchers undertook a study
comparing the efficacy of antibiotics derived from soil Ⓑ In laboratory cultures, antibiotics derived
bacteria against those obtained from other sources, from soil bacteria showed a higher rate of inhibiting

such as synthetic processes or existing medicinal the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria compared
to antibiotics from other sources.
compounds, in combating various multidrug-resistant
bacterial strains.
Ⓒ Soil-derived antibiotics were found to be
more cost-effective to produce on a large scale
compared to synthetic antibiotics.

Ⓓ The public showed a greater interest in and

acceptance of antibiotics derived from natural
sources, such as soil bacteria, over synthetic
alternatives.

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:23
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A coastal city introduced a subsidy program for residential 13 Mark for Review abc

solar panel installations, aiming to reduce the community's

carbon footprint and promote renewable energy use. Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly
Researchers evaluating the program's effectiveness weaken the proposed explanation?

discovered that, although the number of solar panel

installations in residential areas increased, there was not a Ⓐ Many residents with solar panels reported feeling a

significant reduction in the overall energy consumption from heightened awareness of their energy consumption,
leading to more energy-efficient behaviors beyond the
the local power grid. A proposed explanation for these installation of solar panels.
findings is that the psychological effect known as the
"rebound effect"—where individuals feel justified in using
more energy because they believe their solar panels offset Ⓑ The city's overall energy consumption from non-

their consumption—might be at play. renewable sources decreased slightly, but this change
was attributed mainly to a mild winter reducing heating
needs.

Ⓒ Households with solar panel installations showed

an increase in energy consumption during nighttime,
when solar panels are not producing electricity.

Ⓓ A significant number of residents installed solar

panels primarily for the economic benefits of reducing
their electricity bills, rather than for environmental
reasons.

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 31:23
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14 Mark for Review abc

Which choice best describes data from the graph that

support Fields and her team’s conclusion?

Ⓐ With optimized soil nutrients, the proportion of

crops showing no yield increase remains largely
unchanged, but those experiencing up to a 20% increase
and more than a 20% increase combined represent a
majority.

In response to global food security challenges, Morgan L. Ⓑ Despite the nutrient optimization, over 80% of
Fields and her team conducted a study across multiple crops still show less than a 20% yield increase, indicating
agricultural zones to evaluate the impact of nutrient that soil nutrient enhancement has a limited effect on
optimization in soil on crop yields. Their study compared overall crop yield improvement.

two scenarios: one with current levels of soil nutrients and

another with optimized nutrient levels. The team Ⓒ Under current soil nutrient conditions, 70% of crops
categorized the impact of fertilizer application on crop yield show some yield increase with fertilizer application, while
into three groups: no yield increase, up to a 20% yield optimized nutrients ensure all crops benefit from fertilizer,
increase, and more than a 20% yield increase. Fields and with a majority showing more than a 20% increase.

her team concluded that optimizing soil nutrients would

significantly raise the proportion of crops experiencing a Ⓓ At current nutrient levels, the majority of crops
yield increase with fertilizer application. show no yield increase from fertilizer, whereas optimized
nutrients ensure about 90% of crops experience a yield
increase.

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 31:14
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The Harappan civilization, the precursor to modern South 15 Mark for Review abc

Asian cultures, rose as early as 3300 B.C.E. in the Indus

Valley region and abruptly disappeared around 1300 B.C.E., Which choice most logically completes the text?
leaving behind complex city systems and well-established
practices for crafting ceramics. Recent analysis comparing Ⓐ the environments of the Gangetic plains and
pottery shards found in Mohenjo-Daro, a Harappan city, to Mohenjo-Daro had more similarities in the past than they
samples from contemporary pottery town in the Gangetic do today.

plains determined that the modern ceramics show shared

stylistic and material characteristics with the Harappan Ⓑ the communities living in the Gangetic plains didn't
ones, characteristics that only appeared in the Gangetic have their own pottery styles and techniques before 1250
plains after 1250 B.C.E. Thus, researchers concluded that B.C.E.

______
Ⓒ some Harappans migrated to the Gangetic plains
around 1300 B.C.E., carrying their pottery-making
techniques with them.

Ⓓ the Harappans of Mohenjo-Daro likely incorporated

pottery styles from communities in other regions.

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 31:09
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Scottish engineer John Logie Baird is best known for his 16 Mark for Review abc

early experiments with television technology. His

innovations in mechanical television systems ______ the Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
development of modern television broadcasting. conventions of Standard English?

Ⓐ having paved the way for

Ⓑ paving the way for

Ⓒ to pave the way for

Ⓓ paved the way for

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 31:02
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For some, the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart might 17 Mark for Review abc

seem like easy listening, its beautiful harmonies and

memorable melodies pleasing to the ear. When listened to Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
attentively, however, his compositions reveal themselves as conventions of Standard English?

______ complex musical structures masterfully woven to

create auditory delight. Ⓐ symphonies, and the

Ⓑ symphonies, the

Ⓒ symphonies; the

Ⓓ symphonies. The

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:52
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In the field of marine biology, researchers are constantly 18 Mark for Review abc

exploring the cognitive abilities of various underwater

creatures to gain insights into their behavior. For example, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
unlike the short-term memory capabilities of goldfish, conventions of Standard English?

_______; this difference plays a role in their respective

abilities to navigate their environments. Ⓐ dolphins' memory capability is notably long-term

Ⓑ the memory of dolphins is notably long-term

Ⓒ dolphins exhibit remarkable long-term memory

Ⓓ long-term memory is a remarkable feature in

dolphins

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:47
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The Open Source Initiative, started in the early 2000s, 19 Mark for Review abc

marked a significant step in the evolution of software

development ______ it emphasized collaboration, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
community-oriented development, and the sharing of conventions of Standard English?

source code. Ⓐ practices;

Ⓑ practices

Ⓒ practices,

Ⓓ practices and

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:40
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Often cited as a revolutionary figure in the world of fine arts, 20 Mark for Review abc

Pablo Picasso had a profound impact on modern art. Pablo

Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), an assemblage Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
of geometric forms and fragmented figures, ______ a conventions of Standard English?

cornerstone of twentieth-century art. Ⓐ marks

Ⓑ mark

Ⓒ have marked

Ⓓ are marking

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:34
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A groundbreaking work by artificial intelligence scientist 21 Mark for Review abc

Emilia Clarke sheds light on the fascinating advancements in

the field of machine learning, which involves creating Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
algorithms that allow computers to learn from and make conventions of Standard English?

decisions based on ______ models that mimic the structure

and function of the human brain. Ⓐ data; neural

Ⓑ data: neural

Ⓒ data. Neural

Ⓓ data neural

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:30
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When creating music for movies, renowned composer John 22 Mark for Review abc

Williams generally uses a full orchestra to create his iconic

sound. ______ for the film Jaws, he used a minimalist motif Which choice completes the text with the most logical
—a two-note pattern—to invoke fear and suspense, a transition?

departure from his typical grand orchestral themes. Ⓐ Nevertheless,

Ⓑ Therefore,

Ⓒ Likewise,

Ⓓ In addition,

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:25
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following 23 Mark for Review abc

notes:
The student wants to emphasize how tall the Giant
Bamboo is relative to other bamboo types. Which choice
most effectively uses relevant information from the notes
to accomplish this goal?
In 2015, botanist Linda Green studied the height of
various types of bamboo plants. Ⓐ The Giant Bamboo can reach heights up to 30
meters.
Her team measured the height of each bamboo type in
several locations across the globe.
Ⓑ The Giant Bamboo is typically taller than most

The Giant Bamboo, found in Southeast Asia, can reach bamboo types, with the exception of the Dragon Bamboo.

heights of around 30 meters, making it one of the tallest

bamboo types. Ⓒ The Giant Bamboo stands as one of the tallest
bamboo types in the world.
Most bamboo types studied were shorter, reaching less
than 20 meters in height. Ⓓ The study shows that the Giant Bamboo is not the
tallest among the studied bamboo types.
The Dragon Bamboo was an exception, reaching heights
of up to 35 meters.

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:19
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following 24 Mark for Review abc

notes:
The student wants to present the study and its
methodology. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Hyenas are known for their distinctive vocalizations,

commonly known as "laughs". Ⓐ The study by Rebecca Scott revealed that hyenas
communicate using specific "laugh" patterns, which
reveal their social dynamics.
Zoologist Rebecca Scott studied the meaning behind
these vocalizations.
Ⓑ Rebecca Scott used audio recordings of hyenas to

She used audio recordings of different hyena clans to decipher their "laughs" and found that these unique
vocalizations communicate complex social dynamics.
identify specific "laugh" patterns.
The study found that hyenas use different "laugh" Ⓒ The "laughs" of hyenas, which were studied by

patterns to communicate specific messages. Rebecca Scott, are used to communicate complex social
dynamics.

Scott concluded that these patterns convey complex

social dynamics within the hyena clan. Ⓓ Zoologist Rebecca Scott studied the unique
vocalizations of hyenas, determining that these "laughs"
communicate complex social dynamics.

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:12
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following 25 Mark for Review abc

notes:
The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the
two ways a Eurasian spoonbill acquires food. Which
choice most effectively uses relevant information from the
notes to accomplish this goal?
The Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) is a wading
bird with distinctive feeding habits. Ⓐ The Eurasian spoonbill swings its bill side to side
and uses touch receptors to locate food.
Unlike many wading birds, the spoonbill does not solely
use its sight to find food.
Ⓑ Neither of the Eurasian spoonbill’s two methods of

It swings its spatulate bill from side to side in water to acquiring food relies on sight.

catch small aquatic animals.

Ⓒ One of the Eurasian spoonbill's feeding habits
In murkier waters, the spoonbill uses touch receptors in involves the detection of movement in murky waters.
its bill to detect movement of prey.
Ⓓ Besides swinging its bill in the water, Eurasian
Both these behaviors are considered unusual in the spoonbills also rely on touch receptors in their bill to find
wading bird family. prey.

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:07
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following 26 Mark for Review abc

notes:
The student wants to highlight the environmental
implications of the industrial revolution and note the
ongoing challenges. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish these
The industrial revolution began in the 18th century and goals
transformed many aspects of society.
Ⓐ The industrial revolution, driven in part by steam
Steam engines played a vital role in the revolution, engines, had significant environmental implications due to
powering factories and transport systems. reliance on coal.

However, reliance on coal for steam engines and other Ⓑ Despite advances towards sustainable energy, the
industrial processes led to significant air pollution. environmental impact of the industrial revolution remains
a challenge.

Today, industrial processes are shifting towards more

sustainable energy sources. Ⓒ Steam engines, a hallmark of the industrial
revolution, were a major contributor to air pollution due to
Despite advancements, the legacy of the industrial their reliance on coal.

revolution's environmental impact continues to be a

challenge. Ⓓ The industrial revolution led to considerable air
pollution due to reliance on coal, a legacy that continues
to be a challenge today.

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Section 1 , Module 3: Reading
and Writing 30:01
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following 27 Mark for Review abc

notes:
The student wants to make a generalization about the kind
of study conducted by Patel's team. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?
The correlation between social media use and mental
health is a controversial topic. Ⓐ Patel's team found that excessive social media use
correlates with negative mental health outcomes.
A research team led by Vignesh Patel conducted a
large-scale, longitudinal study tracking social media
use and mental health outcomes over 5 years. Ⓑ Moderate social media use is not harmful,
according to Patel's team's longitudinal study.

They statistically analyzed data from thousands of

participants to identify potential trends. Ⓒ Patel's team conducted a large-scale study on the
correlation between social media use and mental health.
The researchers discovered a nonlinear correlation,
suggesting moderate social media use is not harmful, Ⓓ Researchers have used statistical methods and
but excessive use correlates with negative mental longitudinal studies to uncover trends in the field of
health outcomes. mental health.

Patel's team concluded that social media use follows a

"Goldilocks Principle" - not too much, not too little, but
just right.

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