IV B.Tech.

I Sem (R13) ECE : Embedded Systems : UNIT -5 1

MSP430 Interfacing Programs

1. Blinking LED
2. LED control using switch
3. GPIO interrupt
4. ADC & PWM application – speed control of dc motor
5. Serial communication using SPI protocol
6. Serial communication using UART
7. Wi-Fi application using CC3100
8. Remote control of Air conditioner using MSP430

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1. Blinking LED
Program to blink the on-board red LED (connected to P1.0) using GPIO :

The MSP430G2553 has two general-purpose digital I/O pins connected to green LED (P1.6) and
red LED (P1.0) as shown in figure.

 The program code first disables the Watch Dog Timer (WDT) to prevent a processor restart
on expiry of the WDT count.
 The port pin P1.0 connected to the red LED is configured as output. A HIGH on the pin
turns the red LED on, while a LOW turns the LED off.
 The P1.0 output is toggled using bit XOR function at regular intervals determined by the
software delay set in the program using variable ‘i’.
 Thus, the red LED on the MSP-EXP430G2 Launch Pad blinks at regular intervals.

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PROGRAM :

#include<msp430.h>
int main(void)
{
WDTCTL = WDTPW | WDTHOLD; // Stop watchdog timer
P1DIR |= 0x01; // Set P1.0 to output direction
while(1)
{
volatile unsigned long i; // Volatile to prevent optimization
P1OUT ^= 0x01; // Toggle P1.0 using XOR
i = 50000; // SW Delay
do
{
i--;
} while(i != 0);
}
} // end main

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2. LED control using Switch :

Program to control the on-board green LED of MSP430 by an input from the on-board switch

 The MSP-EXP430G2 Launch Pad has two general-purpose digital I/O pins connected to
green LED (P1.6) and red LED (P1.0) for visual feedback.
 It also has a push button (p1.3) for user feedback
 In this experiment, the input from the left push button switch (S2) connected to Port P1.3 is
read by the processor for LED control.
 If the switch is pressed, the green LED is turned OFF by output at port P1.6 reset to ’0’.
Else, the output at port P1.6 is set HIGH and the green LED is turned ON.
 Thus the green LED is therefore controlled by the switch S2.

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 The flowchart for the code is shown in figure.

 The program code first disables the watchdog timer (WDT) to prevent a restart on expiry
of the WDT count.
 The port pin P1.6 connected to the green LED is configured as output pin.
 The port pin P1.3 connected to the left push button switch (SW2) is configured as input pin
with pull up resistor.
 The push button input at P1.3 is read continuously using a while(1) infinite loop.

 When the push button switch is open,

input at P1.3 will be HIGH because of the pull up resistor,
the code turns the green LED ON with a HIGH on output pin P1.6.

 When the button switch is closed,

the input at pin P1.3 is LOW and
the code turns the green LED OFF with a LOW on output pin P1.6.

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PROGRAM :

#include<msp430.h>
int main(void)
{
WDTCTL = WDTPW | WDTHOLD; // Stop watchdog timer
P1DIR |= 0x40; // Set P1.6 to output direction
P1REN |= 0x08;
P1OUT |= 0X08;
while(1)
{
if ((P1IN & BIT3)) // If button is open(P1.3 HIGH)
{
P1OUT = P1OUT | BIT6; // ... turn on LED
}
else
{
P1OUT = P1OUT & ~BIT6; // ... else turn it off.
}
} // end while

} // end main

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3. GPIO Interrupt :

Program to to configure GPIO as interrupt for the MSP430G2553

The MSP430G2553 has one active mode and six software selectable low-power modes of
operation. An interrupt event can wake up the device from any of the low-power modes, service
the request, and restore back to the low power mode on return from the interrupt program. And
these Interrupts may be generated from the GPIO of MSP430G2553.

Some GPIOs in the MSP430G2553 have the capability to generate an interrupt and inform
the CPU when a transition has occurred. The MSP430G2553 allows flexibility in configuring which
GPIO will generate the interrupt, and on what edge (rising or falling). MSP430G2553 devices
typically have interrupt capability on Ports 1 and 2.

The registers controlling these options are as follows:

PxIE : Each bit enables (1) or disables (0) the interrupt for the particular I/O pin.
PxIES : Selects whether the interrupt on the rising-edge (0) or the falling edge(1) of input.
PxIFG : Interrupt flag indicates whether an interrupt has occurred(1) or not(0)

 The current experiment makes complete use of the GPIO interrupts.

 In this experiment P1.3 is configured as an input pin with a falling edge interrupt.
 The general interrupts are enabled so that the pin will make the CPU to call the Interrupt
Service routine.
 This routine sets a flag that causes toggling of the green LED which is connected to P1.6 of
the MSP_EXP430G2XL Launch pad.
 The functional block diagram shown in above figure illustrates the working principle of
the experiment.

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Figure : Flowchart for Interrupt Programming with GPIO

 The program code first disables the WDT to prevent a restart on expiry of the WDT count. The
port pin P1.6 connected to the green LED is configured as output.
 The port pin P1.3 connected to switch S2 is configured as falling edge interrupt.
 The global interrupt is enabled with low power mode 4 enabled during interrupt.
 On each interrupt, the green LED connected to P1.6 is toggled.

PROGRAM : Program Code for Interrupt Programming with GPIO

#include <msp430.h>
int main(void)
{
WDTCTL = WDTPW + WDTHOLD; // Stop WDT
P1DIR |= BIT6; // Set P1.6 to output direction
P1REN |= BIT3; // Enable P1.3 internal resistance
P1OUT |= BIT3; // Set P1.3 as pull up resistance
P1IES |= BIT3; // P1.3 High/Low Edge
P1IFG &= ~BIT3; // P1.3 IFG Cleared
P1IE |= BIT3; // P1.3 Interrupt Enabled

_bis_SR_register(LPM4_bits + GIE); // Enter LPM4 w/ interrupt

_no_operation(); // For debugger

#pragma vector=PORT1_VECTOR
__interrupt void Port_1 (void)
{
P1OUT ^= BIT6; // Toggle P1.6
P1IFG &= ~BIT3; // P1.3 IFG Cleared
}

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4. ADC & PWM application :

Speed control of DC motor using Potentiometer :

 The idea behind PWM is very simple: The load is switched on and off periodically so that
the average voltage has the desired value.
 The fraction of the time while the load is active is called the duty cycle D.
 The duty cycle is almost always varied by keeping the period constant and changing the
width of the pulses, hence the name of PWM.
 The period of Timer_A is set by TACCR0 in the Up mode.
 The main parameters that must be chosen before suitable values can be selected for PWM:

(a) The time period of the output PWM waveform = (TACCR0 +1) counts

(b) The duty cycle of PWM output depends on TACCR1

(c) The average voltage across the output is given by

 The above Figure shows that, the Reset/Set output mode (7) is used for active high loads,
called as positive PWM and the Set/Reset mode (3) is used for active low loads, called as
negative PWM.
 Note that by changing the value in TACCR1, we can change the duty cycle.

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 The flowchart for the code is shown in above figure

 The program code first disables the WDT to prevent a restart on expiry of the WDT count.
 The ADC10 core is configured by two control registers, ADC10CTL0 and ADC10CTL1
with reference voltage as Vcc and input channel as A3 connected to pin P1.3.
 The port pin P1.6 connected to the DC motor is configured as PWM output of Timer A that
is configured in Set/Reset output mode 7 with period 1024 (TA0CCR0) and required PWM
duty cycle (TA0CCR1).
 Initially, the PWM duty cycle is set to 0.1%.
 Timer A control is set to use SMCLK as clock source for up counting.
 The global interrupt is enabled, and the processor is switched to low power mode 0.
 On interrupt by the Timer, the ADC converter is enabled and sampling and conversion of
analog input is started.
 The ADC converted value stored in ADC10MEM is copied to TA0CCR1 to set the PWM
duty cycle for the output to the DC motor.

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PROGRAM : Program Code for PWM Based Speed Control of Motor

#include <msp430.h>
int pwmDirection = 1;
void main(void)
{
WDTCTL = WDTPW|WDTHOLD; // Stop WDT
ADC10CTL0 = SREF_0 + ADC10SHT_2 + ADC10ON;
ADC10CTL1 = INCH_3; // input A3
ADC10AE0 |= 0x08; // PA.3 ADC option select
P1DIR |= BIT6; // Green LED for output
P1SEL |= BIT6; // Green LED Pulse width modulation
TA0CCR0 = 1024; // PWM period
TA0CCR1 = 1; // PWM duty cycle,on 1/1000 initially
TA0CCTL1 = OUTMOD_7; // TA0CCR1 reset/set mode (7)
TA0CTL = TASSEL_2 + MC_1 + TAIE +ID_3;

// Timer A control set to SMCLK,1MHz and count up mode MC_1

_BIS_SR(LPM4_bits + GIE);
while (1); // Enter Low power mode 0
}

#pragma vector= TIMER0_A1_VECTOR // Watchdog Timer ISR

__interrupt void timer(void)
{
ADC10CTL0 |= ENC + ADC10SC;
TA0CCR1 = ADC10MEM;
}

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5. Serial Communication using SPI protocol :

Program to establish the SPI master-slave communication in MSP430F5529 Launchpad

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) mode is selected when the UCSYNC bit is set and SPI mode (3-
pin or 4-pin) is selected with the UCMODEx bits.

 SPI is a Synchronous Full duplex Serial communication protocol

 Data speed is high range (Mbps)
 It is a 4-wire communication ( 3-pin SPI mode and 4-pin SPI modes)
 SPI requires 4- signal lines for communication:

MOSI - Master out slave in

MISO - Master in slave out
SCLK – Serial Clock
SS - Slave select

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FLOW CHART :

 The flowchart for the code of the master is shown in above figure.
 The program code first disables WDT to prevent a processor restart on expiry of the WDT
count.
 The port pin P1.1 is set as slave reset and port pin P1.0 is configured for the red LED.
 The port pins P3.3, P3.4 and P2.7 are configured for SPI communication. The USCI logic is held
in reset state and the 3-pin, 8- bit synchronous SPI master is enabled.
 The SMCLK is selected as clock source and the USCI logic initiated. The USCI_RX interrupt is
enabled in low power mode and the slave is reset via output pin P1.1 and allowed to initialize.
 The data values to be transmitted to the slave is also initialized and transmitted via the
transmit buffer UCA0TXBUF.
 On receiving data from the slave, the USCI_RX interrupt occurs. If the data received is same as
the data transmitted, the red LED is turned on and the data transmission is continued.

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PROGRAM :
#include <msp430.h>
unsigned char MST_Data,SLV_Data;
unsigned char temp;
int main(void)
{
volatile unsigned int i;
WDTCTL = WDTPW+WDTHOLD; // Stop watchdog timer
P1OUT |= 0x02; // Set P1.0 for LED
// Set P1.1 for slavereset
P1DIR |= 0x03; // Set P1.0-2 to output direction
P3SEL |= BIT3+BIT4; // P3.3,4 option select
P2SEL |= BIT7; // P2.7 option select
UCA0CTL1 |= UCSWRST; // **Put state machine in reset**
UCA0CTL0 |= UCMST+UCSYNC+UCCKPL+UCMSB;
// 3-pin,8-bit SPI synchronous master, Clock polarity high,MSB
UCA0CTL1 |= UCSSEL_2; // SMCLK
UCA0BR0 = 0x02; // division /2
UCA0BR1 = 0;
UCA0MCTL = 0; // No modulation

UCA0CTL1 &= ~UCSWRST; // **Initialize USCI state machine**

UCA0IE |= UCRXIE; // Enable USCI_A0 RX interrupt
P1OUT &= ~0x02; // SPI signals initialized,
P1OUT |= 0x02; // reset slave
for(i=50;i>0;i--); // Wait for slave to initialize
` MST_Data = 0x01; // Initialize data values
SLV_Data = 0x00;
while (!(UCA0IFG&UCTXIFG)); // USCI_A0 TX buffer ready?
UCA0TXBUF = MST_Data; // Transmit first character
__bis_SR_register(LPM0_bits + GIE); // CPU off, enable interrupts
}

#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) || defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)

#pragma vector=USCI_A0_VECTOR
__interrupt void USCI_A0_ISR(void)
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
void __attribute__ ((interrupt(USCI_A0_VECTOR))) USCI_A0_ISR (void)
#else
#error Compiler not supported!
#endif
{
volatile unsigned int i;
switch(__even_in_range(UCA0IV,4))
{
case 0: break; // Vector 0 - no interrupt
case 2: // Vector 2 - RXIFG
while (!(UCA0IFG&UCTXIFG)); // USCI_A0 TX buffer ready?
if (UCA0RXBUF==SLV_Data) // Test for correct character RX'd
P1OUT |= 0x01; // If correct, light LED
else
P1OUT &= ~0x01; // If incorrect, clear LED
MST_Data++; // Increment data
SLV_Data++;
UCA0TXBUF = MST_Data; // Send next value
for(i = 20; i>0; i--); // Add time between transmissions to
// make sure slave can process information
break;
case 4: break; // Vector 4 - TXIFG
default: break;
}
}

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6. Serial communcation using UART :

In UART mode, the USCI transmits and receives characters at a bit rate asynchronous to the
paired device. Timing for the transmission of each character is based on the selected baud rate of
the USCI. The transmit and receive functions use the same baud rate frequency.

The block diagram for the experiment is as shown in Figure 9-1. The UART baud rate is set to
9600. The UART specifies two pins, a TX pin (located at P1.2) and an RX pin (P1.1) for
communication. The USCI-UART module is configured to transmit a preset message on an
interrupt. An interrupt provided within the program code transmits the message to be displayed
on the UART terminal of the computer.

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PROGRAM :

Program Code for Serial Communication Using UART

#include <msp430.h>
int main(void)
{
WDTCTL = WDTPW | WDTHOLD; // Stop watchdog timer
if (CALBC1_1MHZ==0xFF) // If calibration constant erased
{
while(1); // do not load, trap CPU!!
}
DCOCTL = 0; //Select lowest DCOx and MODx settings
BCSCTL1 = CALBC1_1MHZ; // Set DCO
DCOCTL = CALDCO_1MHZ;
P1SEL = BIT1 + BIT2 ; // P1.1 = RXD, P1.2=TXD
P1SEL2 = BIT1 + BIT2 ; // P1.1 = RXD, P1.2=TXD
UCA0CTL1 |= UCSSEL_2; // CLK = SMCLK
UCA0BR0 = 104; // 1MHz/9600 = 104.166
UCA0BR1 = 0x00;
UCA0MCTL = UCBRS0; // Modulation UCBRx = 1
UCA0CTL1 &= ~UCSWRST; // **Initialize USCI state machine**
IE2 |= UCA0RXIE; // Enable USCI_A0 RX interrupt
__bis_SR_register(LPM0_bits + GIE); // Enter LPM0 w/ int
}

#pragma vector=USCIAB0RX_VECTOR
__interrupt void USCI0RX_ISR(void)
{
while (!(IFG2 & UCA0TXIFG)); // USCI_A0 TX buffer ready?
UCA0TXBUF = UCA0RXBUF;
}

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7. Remote Controller of Air Conditioner Using MSP430

The MSP430FR4133 is a FRAM-based ultra-low power mixed signal MCU. With the
following features, the MSP430FR4133 is highly suitable for portable device applications.

 16-bit RISC architecture up to 16 Mhz

 Wide supply voltage range from 1.8 V to 3.6 V
 64-Pin/56-Pin/48Pin TSSOP/LQFP package options
 Integrated LCD driver which supports up to 4x36 or 8x32 segment LCD
 Optimized 16-bit timer for infrared signal generation
 Low power mode (LPM3.5) with RTC on:0.77 uA
 Low power mode (LPM3.5) with LCD on: 0.936 uA
 Active mode: 126 uA/MHz
 10^15 write cycle endurance low power ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) can be used to
store data
 10-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with built-in 1.5 V reference
for battery powered system
 All I/Os are capacitive touch I/O

Figure 1. Remote Controller Block Diagram

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Circuit Design

 The highly-integrated mixed signal processer MSP430FR4133 has a small amount of

components necessary to realize a fully-functional air conditioner remote controller.

 A 4x28 segment LCD is directly connected to the MSP430FR4133 LCD driver pins.

 A 4x4 matrix is used to detect 15 buttons. The matrix columns are connected to interrupt-
enabled GPIOs

 (P1) to wake up the MSP430FR4133 from low power mode.

 MCU internal pull up/pull down resistors are used as button scan matrix pull up resistors.
No external resistor is needed for button detection, and no external circuit is needed for
battery voltage detection.

 The function is also realized by the MCU ADC module without any external component.

 A 32.768 KHz watch crystal serves as the MCU FLL and RTC clock source.

 Two chip capacitors, C4 and C6, are used as the crystal loading capacitor. The C4 and C6
values are selected according to crystal specification.

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