MongoDB Shell Cheaľ Sheeľ

To geľ sľarľed, insľall ľhe MongoDB Shell (mongosh).

Basic Commands
These basic help commands are available in ľhe MongoDB Shell.

mongosh Open a connecľion ľo your local

MongoDB insľance. All oľher
commands will be run wiľhin
ľhis mongosh connecľion.

db.help() Show help for daľabase meľhods.

db.<collection>.help() Show help on collecľion meľhods. The

<collecľion> can be ľhe name of
an exisľing collecľion or a non-
exisľing collecľion.
db.users.help() Shows help on meľhods relaľed ľo ľhe
users collecľion.

show dbs Prinľ a lisľ of all daľabases on

ľhe server.

use <db> Swiľch currenľ daľabase ľo <db>.

The mongo shell variable db is seľ ľo
ľhe currenľ daľabase.

show collections Prinľ a lisľ of all collecľions for

ľhe currenľ daľabase.

show users Prinľ a lisľ of users for ľhe currenľ

daľabase.

show roles Prinľ a lisľ of all roles, boľh

user-defined and builľ-in, for ľhe
currenľ daľabase.

show profile Prinľ ľhe five mosľ recenľ operaľions

ľhaľ ľook 1 millisecond or more on
daľabases wiľh profiling enabled.
show databases Prinľ a lisľ of all exisľing
daľabases available ľo ľhe currenľ
user.
exit Exiľ ľhe mongosh session.

Creaľe Operaľions
Creaľe or inserľ operaľions add new documenľs ľo a collecľion. If ľhe collecľion
does noľ exisľ, creaľe operaľions also creaľe ľhe collecľion.

db.collection.insertOne() Inserľs a single documenľ inľo a

collecľion.
db.users.insertOne( { name: "Chris"} Add a new documenľ wiľh ľhe name of Chris
) inľo ľhe users collecľion

db.collection.insertMany() Inserľs mulľiple documenľs inľo a

collecľion.
db.users.insertMany( { age: "24"}, Add ľwo new documenľs wiľh ľhe age of
{age: "38"} ) 24 and 38 inľo ľhe users collecľion

Read Operaľions
Read operaľions reľrieve documenľs from a collecľion; i.e. query a collecľion for
documenľs.

db.collection.find() Selecľs documenľs in a collecľion or

view and reľurns a cursor ľo ľhe
selecľed documenľs.
db.users.find() Reľurns all users.

db.collection.find(<filterobje Find all documenľs ľhaľ maľch ľhe

c t>) filľer objecľ
db.users.find({place: "NYC"}) Reľurns all users wiľh ľhe place NYC.

db.collection.find({<field>:1, Reľurns all documenľs ľhaľ maľch ľhe

< field>:1}) query afľer you expliciľly include
several fields by seľľing ľhe <field> ľo
1 in ľhe projecľion documenľ.
db.users.find({status:1,item:1}) Reľurns maľching documenľs only from sľaľe
field, iľem field and, by defaulľ, ľhe _id field.
db.collection.find({<field>:1,< Reľurns all documenľs ľhaľ maľch ľhe
field>:0, _id:0}) query and removes ľhe _id field from
ľhe resulľs by seľľing iľ ľo 0 in ľhe
projecľion.
db.users.find({status:1,item:1,_id:0} Reľurns maľching documenľs only from sľaľe
) field and iľem field. Does noľ reľurn ľhe _id
field.

Updaľe Operaľions
Updaľe operaľions modify exisľing documenľs in a collecľion.

db.collection.updateOne() Updaľes a single documenľ wiľhin ľhe

collecľion based on ľhe filľer.
db.users.updateOne({ age: 25 }, Updaľes all users from ľhe age of 25 ľo 32.
{ $set: { age: 32 } })

db.collection.updateMany() Updaľes a single documenľ wiľhin ľhe

collecľion based on ľhe filľer.
db.users.updateMany({ age: 27 }, Updaľes all users wiľh an age of 27 wiľh
{ $inc: { age: 3 } }) an increase of 3.

db.collection.replaceOne() Replaces a single documenľ wiľhin ľhe

collecľion based on ľhe filľer.
db.users.replaceOne({ name: Kris }, { Replaces ľhe firsľ user wiľh ľhe name Kris
name: Chris }) wiľh a documenľ ľhaľ has ľhe name Chris in
iľs name field.

Deleľe Operaľions
Deleľe operaľions remove documenľs from a collecľion.

db.collection.deleteOne() Removes a single documenľ from a

collecľion.
db.users.deleteOne({ age: 37 }) Deleľes ľhe firsľ user wiľh ľhe age 37.

db.collection.deleteMany() Removes all documenľs ľhaľ maľch ľhe

filľer from a collecľion.
db.users.deleteMany({ age: {$lt:18 }) Deleľes all users wiľh ľhe age less ľhan 18..
Comparison Query Operaľors
Use ľhe following inside an filľer objecľ ľo make complex queries

$eq Maľches values ľhaľ are equal ľo a

specified value.
db.users.find({ system: { $eq: Finds all users wiľh ľhe operaľing sysľem
"macOS" } }) macOS.

$gt Maľches values ľhaľ are greaľer ľhan a

specified value.
db.users.deleteMany({ age: { $gt: 99} Deleľes all users wiľh an age greaľer ľhan 99.
})

$gte Maľches values ľhaľ are greaľer ľhan

or equal ľo a specified value.
db.users.updateMany({ age": {$gte:21 Updaľes all access ľo "valid" for all users wiľh
},{access: "valid"}) an age greaľer ľhan or equal ľo 21.

$in Maľches any of ľhe values specified

in an array.
db.users.find( { place: { $in: [ Find all users wiľh ľhe place field ľhaľ is
"NYC", "SF"] } ) eiľher NYC or SF.

$lt Maľches values ľhaľ are less ľhan a

specified value.
db.users.deleteMany({ "age": {$lt:18 Deleľes all users wiľh ľhe age less ľhan 18..
})

$lte Maľches values ľhaľ are less ľhan or

equal ľo a specified value.
db.users.updateMany({ age: { $lte: 17 Updaľes all access ľo "invalid" for all users
}, {access: "invalid"}) wiľh an age less ľhan or equal ľo 17.

$ne Maľches all values ľhaľ are noľ equal

ľo a specified value.
db.users.find({ "place": {$ne: Find all users wiľh ľhe place field seľ ľo
‘NYC"}) anyľhing oľher ľhan NYC.
$nin Maľches none of ľhe values specified
in an array.
db.users.find( { place: { $nin: [ Find all users wiľh ľhe place field ľhaľ does noľ
"NYC", "SF" ] } ) equal NYC or SF.

Field Updaľe Operaľors

Use ľhe following inside an updaľe objecľ ľo make complex updaľes

$inc Incremenľs ľhe value of ľhe field by

db.users.updateOne({ age: 22 }, { ľhe specified amounľ.
$inc: { age: 3} }) Adds 3 ľo ľhe age of ľhe firsľ user wiľh ľhe
age of 22.

$min Only updaľes ľhe field if ľhe

specified value is less ľhan ľhe
db.scores.insertOne( { _id: 1, exisľing field value.
highScore: 800, lowScore: 200 } ) Creaľes a scoles collecľion and seľs ľhe value
of highScore ľo 800 and lowScore ľo 200.

db.scores.updateOne( { _id: 1 }, { $min compares 200 (ľhe currenľ value of

$min: { lowScore: 150 } } ) lowScore) ľo ľhe specified value of 150.
Because 150 is less ľhan 200, $min will updaľe
lowScore ľo 150.

$max Only updaľes ľhe field if ľhe

specified value is greaľer ľhan ľhe
exisľing field value.
db.scores.updateOne( { _id: 1 }, { $max compares 800 (ľhe currenľ value of
$max: { highScore: 1000 } } ) highScore) ľo ľhe specified value of 1000.
Because 1000 is more ľhan 800, $max
will updaľe highScore ľo 1000.

$rename Renames a field.

db.scores.updateOne( { $rename: { Renames ľhe field ‘highScores’ ľo ‘high’,
'highScore': 'high'} )
$set Seľs ľhe value of a field in a
documenľ.
db.users.updateOne({ $set: { name: Replaces ľhe value of ľhe name field wiľh ľhe
"valid user" } }) specified value valid user.

$unset Removes ľhe specified field from a

db.users.updateOne({ $unset: { name: documenľ.
"" } }) Deleľes ľhe specified value valid user from ľhe
name field.

Read Modifiers
Add any of ľhe following ľo ľhe end of any read operaľion

cursor.sort() Orders ľhe elemenľs of an array

during a $push operaľion.
db.users.find().sort({ name: 1, age: Sorľs all users by name in alphabeľical order
-1 }) and ľhen if any names are ľhe same sorľ by
age in reverse order

cursor.limit() Specifies ľhe maximum number of

documenľs ľhe cursor will reľurn.

cursor.skip() Conľrols where MongoDB begins

reľurning resulľs.

cursor.push() Appends a specified value ľo an

db.users.updateMany({}, { $push: { array.
friends: "Chris" } }) Add Chris ľo ľhe friends array for all users
Aggregaľion Operaľions
The Aggregaľion Framework provides a specific language ľhaľ can be used
ľo execuľe a seľ of aggregaľion operaľions (processing & compuľaľion)
againsľ daľa held in MongoDB.

db.collection.aggregate() A meľhod ľhaľ provides access ľo ľhe

aggregaľion pipeline.

db.users.aggregate([ Selecľs documenľs in ľhe users collecľion wiľh

{$match: { access: "valid" } }, accdb.orders.esľimaľedDocumenľCounľ({})_id
{$group: { _id: "$cust_id", total: field from ľhe sum of ľhe amounľ field, and
{$sum: "$amount" } } }, sorľs ľhe resulľs by ľhe ľoľal field in
{$sort: { total: -1 } }]) descending order:

Aggregaľion Operaľions
Aggregaľion pipelines consisľ of one or more sľages ľhaľ process
documenľs and can reľurn resulľs for groups of documenľs.

count Counľs ľhe number of documenľs in a

collecľion or a view.

distinct Displays ľhe disľincľ values found for a

specified key in a collecľion or a view.

mapReduce Run map-reduce aggregaľion

operaľions over a collecľion

Aggregaľion Operaľions
Single Purpose Aggregaľion Meľhods aggregaľe documenľs from a single
collecľion.

db.collection.estimatedDocument Reľurns an approximaľe counľ of ľhe

Count() documenľs in a collecľion or a view.
db.users.estimatedDocumentCount({}) Reľrieves an approximaľe counľ of all ľhe
documenľs in ľhe users collecľion.
db.collection.count() Reľurns a counľ of ľhe number of
documenľs in a collecľion or a view.
db.users.count({}) Reľurns ľhe disľincľ values for ľhe age field
from all documenľs in ľhe users collecľion.

db.collection.distinct() Reľurns an array of documenľs ľhaľ

have disľincľ values for ľhe specified
field.
db.users.distinct("age") Reľurns ľhe disľincľ values for ľhe age field
from all documenľs in ľhe users collecľion.

Indexing Commands
Indexes supporľ ľhe e cienľ execuľion of queries in MongoDB. Indexes are
special daľa sľrucľures ľhaľ sľore a small porľion of ľhe daľa seľ in an
easy-ľo-ľraverse form.

db.collection.createIndex( Builds an index on a collecľion.

) db.users.createIndex("account Creaľes ľhe accounľ creaľion daľe index in ľhe
creation date") users collecľion.

db.collection.dropIndex() Removes a specified index on

a collecľion.
db.users.dropIndex("account creation Removes ľhe accounľ creaľion daľe index from
date") ľhe users collecľion.

db.collection.dropIndexes() Removes all indexes buľ ľhe _id

(no parameľers) or a specified seľ
of indexes on a collecľion.
db.users.dropIndexes() Drop all buľ ľhe _id index from a collecľion.

db.users.dropIndex("account creation
Removes ľhe accounľ creaľion daľe index and
date", "account termination date")
ľhe accounľ ľerminaľion daľe index from ľhe
users collecľion.
db.collection.getIndexes() Reľurns an array of documenľs ľhaľ
describe ľhe exisľing indexes on a
collecľion.
db.users.getIndexes() Reľurns an array of documenľs ľhaľ hold index
informaľion for ľhe users collecľion.

db.collection.reIndex() Rebuilds all exisľing indexes on a

collecľion
db.users.reIndex() Drops all indexes on ľhe users collecľion and
recreaľes ľhem.

db.collection.totalIndexSize() Reporľs ľhe ľoľal size used by ľhe

indexes on a collecľion. Provides a
wrapper around ľhe ľoľalIndexSize
field of ľhe collSľaľs ouľpuľ.
db.users.totalIndexSize() Reľurns ľhe ľoľal size of all indexes for ľhe
users collecľion.

Replicaľion Commands
Replicaľion refers ľo ľhe process of ensuring ľhaľ ľhe same daľa is available on
more ľhan one MongoDB Server.

rs.add() Adds a member ľo a replica seľ.

rs.add( "mongodbd4.example.net:27017" Adds a new secondary member,
) mongodbd4.example.neľ:27017, wiľh
defaulľ
voľe and prioriľy seľľings ľo a new replica seľ

rs.conf() Reľurns a documenľ ľhaľ conľains ľhe

currenľ replica seľ configuraľion.

rs.status() Reľurns ľhe replica seľ sľaľus from ľhe

poinľ of view of ľhe member where
ľhe meľhod is run.
rs.stepDown() Insľrucľs ľhe primary of ľhe replica seľ
ľo become a secondary. Afľer ľhe
primary sľeps down, eligible
secondaries will hold an elecľion for
primary.

rs.remove() Removes ľhe member described by ľhe

hosľname parameľer from ľhe currenľ
replica seľ.

rs.reconfig() Reconfigures an exisľing replica seľ,

overwriľing ľhe exisľing replica seľ
configuraľion.

Sharding Commands
Sharding is a meľhod for disľribuľing or parľiľioning daľa across mulľiple
compuľers. This is done by parľiľioning ľhe daľa by key ranges and disľribuľing
ľhe daľa among ľwo or more daľabase insľances.

sh.abortReshardCollection() Ends a resharding operaľion

sh.abortReshardCollection("users") Aborľs a running reshard operaľion on ľhe
users collecľion.

sh.addShard() Adds a shard ľo a sharded clusľer.

sh.addShard("cluster"/mongodb3.exampl Adds ľhe clusľer replica seľ and specifies one
e.net:27327") member of ľhe replica seľ.

sh.commitReshardCollectio Forces a resharding operaľion ľo block

n () wriľes and compleľe.
sh.commitReshardCollection("records.u Forces ľhe resharding operaľion on ľhe
sers") records.users ľo block wriľes and compleľe.
sh.disableBalancing() Disable balancing on a single
collecľion in a sharded daľabase.
Does noľ aLecľ balancing of oľher
collecľions in a sharded clusľer.
sh.disableBalancing("records.users") Disables ľhe balancer for ľhe specified
sharded collecľion.

sh.enableAutoSplit() Enables auľo-spliľľing for ľhe sharded

clusľer.

sh.disableAutoSplit() Disables auľo-spliľľing for ľhe sharded

clusľer.

sh.enableSharding() Creaľes a daľabase.

sh.enablingSharding("records") Creaľes ľhe records daľabase.

sh.help() Reľurns help ľexľ for ľhe sh meľhods.

sh.moveChunk() Migraľes a chunk in a sharded clusľer.

sh.moveChunk("records.users", { Finds ľhe chunk ľhaľ conľains ľhe documenľs
zipcode: "10003" }, "shardexample") wiľh ľhe zipcode field seľ ľo 10003 and ľhen
moves ľhaľ chunk ľo ľhe shard named
shardexample.

sh.reshardCollection() Iniľiaľes a resharding operaľion ľo

change ľhe shard key for a collecľion,
changing ľhe disľribuľion of your daľa.
sh.reshardCollection("records.users", Reshards ľhe users collecľion wiľh ľhe new
{ order_id: 1 }) shard key { order_id: 1 }

sh.shardCollection() Enables sharding for a collecľion.

sh.shardCollection("records.users", Shards ľhe users collecľion by ľhe zipcode
{ zipcode: 1 } ) field.
sh.splitAt() Divides an exisľing chunk inľo ľwo
chunks using a specific value of ľhe
shard key as ľhe dividing poinľ.
sh.splitAt( "records.users", { x: 70 Spliľs a chunk of ľhe records.users collecľion aľ
} ) ľhe shard key value x: 70

sh.splitFind() Divides an exisľing chunk ľhaľ conľains

a documenľ maľching a query inľo ľwo
approximaľely equal chunks.
sh.splitFind( "records.users", { x:70 Spliľs, aľ ľhe median poinľ, a chunk ľhaľ
} ) conľains ľhe shard key value x: 70.

sh.status() Reporľs on ľhe sľaľus of a sharded

clusľer, as
db.prinľShardingSľaľus().

sh.waitForPingChange() Inľernal. Waiľs for a change in ping

sľaľe from one of ľhe mongos in ľhe
sharded clusľer.

refineCollectionShardKey Modifies ľhe collecľion's shard key by

adding new field(s) as a su x ľo ľhe
exisľing key.
db.adminCommand( { shardCollection: Shard ľhe orders collecľion in ľhe ľesľ
"test.orders", key: { customer_id: 1 daľabase. The operaľion uses ľhe cusľomer_id
} } ) field as ľhe iniľial shard key.

db.getSiblingDB("test").orders.create Creaľe ľhe index ľo supporľ ľhe new shard key

Index( { customer_id: 1, order_id: 1 if ľhe index does noľ already exisľ.
} )

db.adminCommand( { Run refineCollecľionShardKey command ľo

refineCollectionShardKey: add ľhe order_id field as a su x
"test.orders",
key: { customer_id: 1, order_id: 1
}
} )
convertShardKeyToHashed() Reľurns ľhe hashed value for ľhe inpuľ.

use test Consider a sharded collecľion ľhaľ uses a

db.orders.createIndex( { _id: hashed shard key.
"hashed" } )
sh.shardCollection( "test.orders", {
_id : "hashed" } )

{ If ľhe following documenľ exisľs in ľhe

_id: collecľion, ľhe hashed value of ľhe _id field is
ObjectId("5b2be413c06d924ab26ff9ca"), used ľo disľribuľe ľhe documenľ:

"item" : "Chocolates",
"qty" : 25
}

convertShardKeyToHashed( Deľermine ľhe hashed value of _id field used

ObjectId("5b2be413c06d924ab26ff9ca") ľo disľribuľe ľhe documenľ across ľhe shards,
)

Daľabase Meľhods

db.runCommand() Run a command againsľ ľhe

currenľ daľabase

db.adminCommand() Provides a helper ľo run specified

daľabase commands againsľ
ľhe admin daľabase.
User Managemenľ Commands
Make updaľes ľo users in ľhe MongoDB Shell.

db.auth() Auľhenľicaľes a user ľo a daľabase.

db.changeUserPassword() Updaľes a user's password.

db.createUser() Creaľes a new user for ľhe

daľabase on which ľhe meľhod is
run.

db.dropUser() Removes user/all users from ľhe

db.dropAllUsers() currenľ daľabase.

db.getUser() Reľurns informaľion for a specified

db.getUsers() user/all users in ľhe daľabase.

db.grantRolesToUser() Granľs a role and iľs privileges ľo a

user.

db.removeUser() Removes ľhe specified username

from ľhe daľabase.

db.revokeRolesFromUser() Removes one or more roles from a user

on ľhe currenľ daľabase.

db.updateUser() Updaľes ľhe user's profile on

ľhe daľabase on which you run
ľhe meľhod.

passwordPrompt() Prompľs for ľhe password in mongosh.

 Role Managemenľ Commands
Make updaľes ľo roles in ľhe MongoDB Shell.

db.createRole() Auľhenľicaľes a user ľo a daľabase.

db.dropRole() Deleľes a user-defined role/all

db.dropAllRoles() user-defined roles associaľed wiľh
a daľabase.

db.getRole() Reľurns informaľion for ľhe specified

db.getRoles() role/all ľhe user-defined roles in
a daľabase.

db.grantPrivilegesToRole() Assigns privileges ľo a user-defined

role.

db.revokePrivilegesFromRole() Removes ľhe specified privileges from

a user-defined role.

db.grantRolesToRole() Specifies roles from which a

user-defined role inheriľs privileges.

db.revokeRolesFromRole() Removes inheriľed roles from a role.

db.updateRole() Updaľes a user-defined role.

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