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Basics of Electronics 2

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16 views30 pages

Basics of Electronics 2

Uploaded by

kangirene9705
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MAR BASELIOS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous)
Mar Ivanios Vidya Nagar, Nalanchira

Course Name: Basics of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


Course Code: ES0U10D

Part: II
Basics of Electronics Engineering
DC Power Supply

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING


DC Power Supply

• The most common source of power supply is the ac mains.

• But dc voltage is required for the operation of devices used in electronic equipments such as
transistors, integrated circuits etc.

• Batteries may be used for power supply in portable electronic equipments.

• But it is economical and convenient to derive dc supply from ac mains.

• Regulated dc power supply derives dc voltage from ac mains


DC Power Supply : Block Schematic
DC Power Supply : Block Schematic

• The power transformer (step down) at the input


converts 230V ac mains into an ac of required level
and given to rectifier.

• The rectifier converts ac input (having zero dc


value) to pulsating dc and then passed through a filter

• The filter removes the ripple components in the


rectified output.

• A regulator is used in the final stage to give a


constant dc output irrespective of load variations,
input variations and temperature variations.
Rectifier

• Rectifier is the most important constituent in a dc power supply.

• Rectifier is an electronic device used to convert ac voltage or current into unidirectional voltage
or current.

• Since a pn junction allows current flow only in one direction, it can be used to function as a
rectifier.

• Depending upon the period of conduction, rectifiers may be classified into two;

• half wave rectifier

• full-wave rectifier.
Half Wave Rectifier
Full Wave Rectifier

• Full wave rectifier is classified into two

• Centre Tap Full Wave Rectifier

• Full wave Bridge Rectifier


Centre Tap Full Wave Rectifier
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

D2
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

D3
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier: Performance Parameters

• Ripple Factor: It is defined as the ratio of rms value of output ripple voltage or current to the
corresponding dc value.

• Value: 0.482

• Rectification efficiency: It is defined as the ratio of dc power delivered to the load to the ac input
power.

• Value: 81.2%
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier: Performance Parameters
Comparison of Rectifiers
Filters
Capacitor Filters
Capacitor Filters
Capacitor Filters

• The capacitor changes the conditions under which the


diodes (of the rectifier) conduct.

• When the rectifier output voltage is increasing, the


capacitor charges to the peak voltage Vm.

• Just past the positive peak, the rectifier output voltage tries
to fall (see the dotted curve), But at point B, the capacitor
has +Vm volts across it.

• Since the source voltage becomes slightly less than the


capacitor will try to send current back through the diode
(of the rectifier).

• This reverse-biases the diode, i.e., it becomes


open-circuited.
Capacitor Filters

• The diode (open circuit) disconnects or separates the


source from the load.

• The capacitor starts to discharge through the load.

• This prevents the load voltage from falling to zero.

• The capacitor continues to discharge until the source


voltage (the dotted curve) becomes more than the capacitor
voltage (at point C).

• The diode again starts conducting and the capacitor is


again charged to peak value Vm.

•
Capacitor Filters
Capacitor Filters
Voltage Regulator

• After the ripples have been filtered from the rectifier


output, a sufficiently steady DC output is obtained.

• To improve the constancy of the DC output voltage as


the load and/or the input voltage vary, a voltage
regulator circuit is used.

• Voltage Regulator is a circuit which provide constant


output voltage irrespective of input and load variations.

• The major component used is Zener diode (Zener


Voltage Regulator).
Zener Voltage Regulator

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