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Permutation and Combination

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38 views5 pages

Permutation and Combination

Uploaded by

aturitadeborah
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WEEK 4: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

WEEK FOUR

PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

The arrangement of an objects taking into account the different orders of arrangement is called
PERMUTATION.

The arrangement of an objects in which orders is not taken into account is called COMBINATION
OR SELSCETION

The number of different arrangements of n different objects is equal to n! is called n factorial.

0! = 1

1! =1
2! = 2 x 1

3! = 3 x 2 x 1

4! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1

5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1

N! = n (n – 1) (n – 2) ……… (n + r – 1)!

If an operation can be performed in p-ways and another operation can be performed in q-ways, then,
the number of ways of performing the two operations one after the other is p x q ways.

The permutation of n – objects taking r at a time is denoted by nPr

nP = n!
r

(n – r)!
Also:
nP
1= n
nP
2= n (n – 1)
nP
3= n (n – 1) (n – 2)
nP
4= n (n – 1) (n – 2) (n – 3)
nP
r= n (n – 1) (n – 2) (n – 3) …………… (n + r – 1)!
The number of ways of arranging n-object round a circular object is (n – 1)! Ways.
The number of ways of arranging n-fixed objects round a circle ring which can be turned over is (n
– 1)!
2
The number of ways of permuting n-objects taking n at a time with n1 object alike n2 object
alike…….ni object alike and n1 + n2 + n3 +……… + ni = n is n!
n1! n2!.....ni!
the number of r-object can be selected from n-object without much regard being paid to the order of
arrangement is devoted by nCr
nC = nP
r r

r!
= n!
(n – r)! r!
Ways of permutation
Example 1. In how many ways can 8 different bottles be arranged ins a store which has 8 vacant
spaces?
Solution;
Total number of items n = 8
The number of possible spaces r = 8
nP = n!
r

(n – r)!

8P = 8! = 8!
8

(8 – 8)! 0!
= 8! = 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
1
= 40,320 places.
Example 2. Find the number of permutations of the letters of the COVID.
Solution:
The number of the letters in the word COVID: n = 5
nP = n!
r

(n – r)!
= 5! /0! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
= 120 ways
Example 3. In what ways can three people be seated on eight seat in a row?
n=8
r=3
nP = n! = 8! = 8! = 8 x 7 x 6 x 5! = 336 ways
r

(n – r)! (8 – 3) 5! 5!

Examples 4. Find the number of ways in which the letters of the word STATISTICS can be
arranged.
The word statistics has 10 digits. n = 10
3S, 3T, 2I,
P = 3S, Q = 3T, R = 2I
= n! = 10! = 50400
P! q! r! 3!3!2!
Example 5. Find the number of ways in which the letters of the word FALL can be arranged such
that
· There must be no tie
· The 2L will always be together
· The 2L will always be apart.

· n! /r! = 4! /2!
= 12 ways
· 2L ---- FA (LL) = 3!
= 6 ways
· 2! x 3 x 2 = 6 ways
2!
Class work/ASSIGNMENT
Find the number of ways in which the letters of the word COMMITTEE can be permuted such that
· If there must be no tie
· The 2T must always be together
· The 2E must not always be together.
Project
· In how many ways can eight people be seated round a table if
· There is no restriction
· Three particular people must always seat together
· Three particular people must not seat together
· Three particular people must seat on the right side of the fixed person
· Out of seven women and nine men a committee consisting of 3 women and 4 men is to be
formed. In how many ways can this be done:
· Any man and any woman can be involved
· One particular man, must be on the committee
· One particular woman must not be included
· One particular woman refuses to serve in the committee with one particular man
Example 6. A committee of 5 men is to be formed from 9 men. How ways can this be done if
· There is tie
· A particular man must be in the committee
· A particular man must not be in the committee

Solution:
Total n = 9
Number of selection r = 5
· nC = 9! = 9! = 126 ways
r

(9 – 5)! 5! 4! 5!
· n–1=9–1=8
r–1=5–1=4

8C = 8! = 8! = 20 ways
4

(8 – 4)! 4! 4! 4!
· n–1=9–1=8
r=5

8C = 8! = 8! = 50 ways
5

(8 – 5)! 5! 3! 5!

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