Acids Bases and Salts Notes

ACIDS BASES AND SALTS NOTES
What are acids?
Acids are the compounds which release H3O+ ions (hydronium ions)
when dissolved in water.
EX:- HCL(aq)  H3O+ + Cl-
What are bases?
Bases are the compounds which release OH- ions (hydroxide ions) when
dissolved in water.
EX:- NaOH(aq)  Na+ + OH-
What are strong acids and weak acids?
Acids which completely dissociate in water, releasing all its hydrogen

ions, i.e, their degree of dissociation is high, are strong acids (HCl, H2SO4,
HNO3 ). Acids which partially dissociate in water, releasing only some of
its hydrogen ions, i.e, their degree of dissociation is less, are weak acids
(HCOOH, CH3COOH, H2CO3 ).
What are strong bases and weak bases?
Bases which completely dissociate in water, releasing all its hydroxide

ions, i.e, their degree of dissociation is high, are strong bases (KOH,
NaOH, Ba(OH)2). Bases which partially dissociate in water, releasing only
some of its hydroxide ions, i.e, their degree of dissociation is less, are
weak bases (NH3, Al(OH)3, Cu(OH)2 ).
Physical Properties of Acids:
1) Corrosive in nature
2) Sour in taste
3) Turn blue litmus red
4) pH less than 7 at room temperature
5) Acts as electrolyte when dissolved in water
Physical properties of Bases:
1) Corrosive in nature
2) Bitter in taste
3) Turn red litmus blue
4) pH more than 7 at room temperature
5) Acts as electrolyte when dissolved in water
Chemical properties of Acids:
1) Acid reaction with active metals produces hydrogen gas-

Metal + Acids  Metal salt + H2 
2) Acid reaction with bases produces salt and water (Neutralisation)-

Acid + Base  Salt + H2O
3) Acid reaction with metal oxide gives metal salt and water-
Acid + Metal Oxide  Metal salt + H2O
4) Acid reaction with metal carbonates or metal hydrogen carbonates

gives metal salt, carbon dioxide and water-
Acid + metal carbonate/hydrogen carbonate  Metal salt + CO2 + H2O
Chemical properties of Bases:
1) Base reaction with active metals produces hydrogen gas-

Metal + Base  Metal salt + H2 
2) Base reaction with acids produces salt and water (Neutralisation)-

Base + Acid  Salt + H2O
3) Base reaction with non-metal oxide gives metal salt and water-
Base + Non-Metal Oxide  Non-Metal salt + H2O
Visual Indicators:
 Synthetic indicators:
:: Prepared in lab
- Methyl orange and phenolphthalein.
 Natural Indicators:
:: Naturally extracted from plants
- Litmus, turmeric, red cabbage and hibiscus (China rose).
 Universal indicators:
:: Universally accepted
- pH paper (mixture of various dyes).
Olfactory indicators:
 Naturally extracted:
:: Differentiate by smell, no change in acids but bases lose their smell
- Vanilla, Onion and Clove oil.
What does pH stand for?
In German, p stands for potenz which means power. H stands for

hydrogen. So, pH stands for power of hydrogen, which in literal terms
means, concentration of hydrogen ions in a fixed solution.
What is chemical warfare?
Chemical warfare involved using toxic properties of chemical

substances as weapons.
Some naturally occurring acids:
What are salts? What are neutral salts, basic salts and acidic salts?
Salt is an ionic compound formed by the neutralization reaction of an

acid and a base. If a strong base reacts with a strong acid, the salt is
neutral. If a strong base reacts with a weak acid, the salt is basic. If a
weak base reacts with a strong acid, the salt is acidic.
Important salts:
Formation of Bleaching powder:
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2  CaOCl2 + H2O
Formation of baking soda:
NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3  NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
Formation of washing soda:
2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 10H2O  Na2CO3•10H2O
Formation of plaster of Paris (POP):
CaSO4•2H2O  3/2H2O + CaSO4•1/2H2O
2CaSO4•2H2O (heat at 373K) 3H2O + 2CaSO4•H2O
# Remember – When POP is heated over 373K dead burnt plaster is

formed.
Explain chlor-alkali process.

When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium
chloride it decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. The process is called
the chlor-alkali alkali process because of the products formed: chlor for
chlorine and alkali for Sodium Hydroxide. Chlorine gas is given off at the
anode and hydrogen gas at the cathode.

Acids Bases and Salts Notes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Acids Bases and Salts Notes

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Acids Bases and Salts Notes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ACIDS BASES AND SALTS NOTES

What are acids?

What are bases?

What are strong acids and weak acids?

Acids which completely dissociate in water, releasing all its hydrogen

What are strong bases and weak bases?

Bases which completely dissociate in water, releasing all its hydroxide

Physical properties of Bases:

Chemical properties of Acids:

1) Acid reaction with active metals produces hydrogen gas-

2) Acid reaction with bases produces salt and water (Neutralisation)-

4) Acid reaction with metal carbonates or metal hydrogen carbonates

1) Base reaction with active metals produces hydrogen gas-

2) Base reaction with acids produces salt and water (Neutralisation)-

In German, p stands for potenz which means power. H stands for

What is chemical warfare?

Chemical warfare involved using toxic properties of chemical

Some naturally occurring acids:

Salt is an ionic compound formed by the neutralization reaction of an

Formation of Bleaching powder:

Ca(OH)2 + Cl2  CaOCl2 + H2O

Formation of baking soda:

NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3  NaHCO3 + NH4Cl

Formation of washing soda:

2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

Na2CO3 + 10H2O  Na2CO3•10H2O

Formation of plaster of Paris (POP):

CaSO4•2H2O  3/2H2O + CaSO4•1/2H2O

2CaSO4•2H2O (heat at 373K) 3H2O + 2CaSO4•H2O

# Remember – When POP is heated over 373K dead burnt plaster is

Explain chlor-alkali process.

You might also like