1. The probability function of 𝑋𝑋 is given below.

Find (a) 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 1 or 13) (b) 𝑃𝑃(2 < 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 9)

(c) the distribution function of 𝑋𝑋.

𝑥𝑥 1 2 9 13
𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) 1/7 2/7 3/7 1/7

2. The density of 𝑋𝑋 is given below. Determine the value of 𝑘𝑘, 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 > 2), 𝑃𝑃(0.7 < 𝑋𝑋 < 2.7),
density at 𝑋𝑋 = 2.0 and 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 0.5).
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 3 , 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 4.

3. The density of 𝑋𝑋 is given below. Find the distribution function of 𝑋𝑋. Hence find
𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 ≤ 1.5), 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 < 0.4), 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 > 0.6) and 𝑃𝑃(0.5 < 𝑋𝑋 < 1.7).
3
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 , 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 2.
8
4. The cumulative distribution function of 𝑋𝑋 is given below. Calculate 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 ≤ 5), 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 > 6)
and 𝑃𝑃(5 < 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 7) and the density of 𝑋𝑋.
0 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2
𝐹𝐹(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑥𝑥−2
7
2 < 𝑥𝑥 < 9
1 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 9

5. The joint probability function of 𝑋𝑋 and 𝑌𝑌 is given below. Determine (a) the value of 𝑘𝑘 (b)
the marginal pmf of 𝑋𝑋 and (c) 𝑃𝑃(𝑌𝑌 = 2 | 𝑋𝑋 = 0).

𝑦𝑦 1 2 3
𝑥𝑥

-1 1/17 3/17 2/17

0 3/17 𝑘𝑘 1/17

1 1/17 0 1/17

6. The joint probability density function of 𝑋𝑋 and 𝑌𝑌 is given below. Determine (a) the value
of 𝑘𝑘, (b) 𝑃𝑃(0.2 < 𝑋𝑋 < 0.7, 0.6 < 𝑌𝑌 < 0.9) and (c) the marginal density of 𝑋𝑋.
𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦) 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦𝑦 < 1
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = �
0 otherwise.

7. The probability function of 𝑋𝑋 is given below. Determine the mean and variance of 𝑋𝑋.

𝑥𝑥 1 2 3 4

𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥) 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2

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8. The density of 𝑋𝑋 is given below. Determine the mean and variance of 𝑋𝑋.
3
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 , 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 2.
8

9. The joint density of 𝑋𝑋 and 𝑌𝑌 is given below. Calculate 𝐸𝐸(𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋).

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦𝑦 < 1
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = �
0 otherwise

10. The joint density of 𝑋𝑋 and 𝑌𝑌 is given below. Find 𝑉𝑉(𝑌𝑌 | 𝑋𝑋 = 0.25).
2
(2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦) 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦𝑦 < 1
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = �3
0 otherwise

11. The probability function of 𝑋𝑋 is given below. Obtain the moment generating function of 𝑋𝑋.
Then obtain the mean, variance and skewness of 𝑋𝑋.
𝑒𝑒 −𝜆𝜆 𝜆𝜆𝑥𝑥
𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥) = , 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 1, 2, ⋯
𝑥𝑥!

12. The density of 𝑋𝑋 is given below. Obtain the density of 𝑋𝑋 2 .

1/4 −2 < 𝑥𝑥 < 2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = �
0 otherwise.

13. In an MCQ test, there are 10 questions each with 5 choices. If Smith chooses all the
answers randomly, what is the probability that the number of correct answers will be less
than 2?

14. Refer to Question 13. If Smith and Jones independently choose all the answers randomly,
what is the probability that (a) the number of correct answers will be 2 and 3, respectively?
(b) total number of correct answers will be 5?

15. Mean and variance of a binomial random variable are 4 and 2, respectively. Find
𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 0).

16. A box contains 20 mobile phones that are in good condition and 10 that are defective. You
randomly selected 5 phones from the box without replacement. What is the probability that
at least 2 of them will be in good condition?

17. Refer to Question 16. If the box contains 2000 good phones and 1000 defective ones, find
an approximate probability that at least 2 out of 5 randomly selected phones will be good.

18. Let X ~ Poisson (λ ). If 𝑉𝑉(𝑋𝑋) = 4, calculate 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 1).

19. The average number of misprints in one page of a book is 3.2. What is the probability that
there will be 2 and 4 misprints, respectively, in the next two pages?

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20. The average number of people entering a bank between 9:00-10:00 A.M. and 10:00-11:00
A.M. are 3 and 2, respectively. Find the probability that at most 2 people will enter the
bank between 9:00-11:00 A.M. tomorrow.

21. A certain genetic characteristic will express itself in a person with probability 0.001. Use
two different distributions to calculate the probability that at least one out of 1000 people
will display the characteristic.

22. A fair dice is thrown until ‘6’ has occurred 3 times. What is the probability that exactly 5
throws will be required? Also find the mean number of tosses required

23. The mean and variance of a uniformly distributed random variable X are 4 and 3,
respectively. Find P(4 < X < 6 | X > 5).

24. The weight of a particular type of fish (in lbs) is normally distributed with mean 20 and
standard deviation 4. What is the probability that the next fish you catch will weigh more
than 24 lbs?

25. Let 𝑋𝑋1 ~𝑁𝑁(20, 9) and 𝑋𝑋2 ~𝑁𝑁(40, 16), and they are independent. Find 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋1 + 𝑋𝑋2 > 70).

26. The price of an egg (in BDT) is normally distributed with mean 10 and SD 1. What is the
probability that the total price of four eggs will be more than 44?

27. The weight of a particular type of fish (in lbs) is normally distributed with mean 10 and
standard deviation 1. What is the probability that the total weight of next 4 fish you catch
will be more than 44 lbs?

28. Let 𝑋𝑋~𝑁𝑁(30, 16). Calculate 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 < 38 | 𝑋𝑋 > 34).

29. Lifetime of a particular type of radio follows exponential distribution with an average
lifetime of 2 years. If you buy a 3-year-old radio, what is the probability that it will survive
at least 4 more years?

30. Let 𝑋𝑋~binomial(10, 0.3). Calculate 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 0 | 𝑋𝑋 < 2).

31. Show the relationship between beta(𝛼𝛼, 𝛽𝛽) and uniform(0, 1) distributions.

32. Let 𝑋𝑋~binomial(100, 0.5). Use the normal approximation to calculate 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 ≤ 45).

33. Number of calls that come to Smith’s mobile in a day is a Poisson random variable with
mean 36. Find an approximate probability that Smith will receive less than 30 calls
tomorrow.

The End

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