CLASS 9- CHAPTER # 1- FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS.

Q.1. Discuss the use of computer in any two fields of life.

Ans.
Careers In IT Field:
Today Computer Science plays a key role in all fields of life. Computer Science (CS) jobs are ranked as having some of the
highest salaries in the world. It's no surprise that Computer Science and Information Technology (IT) are changing
tomorrow’s job market. Different careers that are present in the IT sector.
Software Engineer, Network Administrator, Database Administrator, Web designer, Graphic designer, Information
Security Analysis, Computer Science and IT teacher.

Software Engineer:
 A Software Engineer is a person who uses different programming languages to develop software products like games,
Learning Management System (LMS). Business applications, educational and entertainment software.
 Software engineers have extensive knowledge of programming languages, software development and computer
operating systems and they apply engineering principles to software creation.
 By applying these engineering principles to every stage of the development process, from requirements analysis to
the software process, they can create customized systems for individual clients.
Graphic Designer:
 Graphic is another word for image.
 Graphics Designers develop overall layouts of brochures, magazines and other types of published it is very important
to orient students about the contemporary and upcoming technologies.
 They do this by using various computer graphics software.
 This task is usually accomplished by combining art and technology, conveying ideas through images, layout of
websites and printed matter.
 Graphic designers create visual concepts, using computer software or by hand, to communicate ideas that inspire,
inform, and captivate consumers.
 They develop the overall layout and production design for applications such as advertisements, brochures,
magazines, and reports.

Q.2. Differentiate Compiler and Assembler.

Ans.
Compiler: Compiler is used to translate a high level programming language code to machine level code and to create an
executable program.
Compiler checks the error in the program and reports them, all errors are to be removed otherwise code will not be
compiled and executed.

Assembler: Assembler is used to translate an assembly level code to machine readable code. Assembler too checks the
correctness of each instruction and reports the diagnosis report,
Following are the important difference between Compiler and Assembler,
S.No. Key Compiler Assembler
1 Operation Compiler translates high level programming Assembler converts the assembly level
language code to machine level code language to machine level code.

2 Input Source code in high level programming Assembly level code as input.
language.
3 Conversion type Compiler checks and converts the complete Assembler generally does not convert
code at one time. complete code at one time.
4 Components Syntax analyzer, Semantic analyzer, lexical Assembler does works in two passes.
analyzer, Code optimizer, Code generator, and
Error handler
5 Output Mnemonic version of machine code. Binary version of machine code.

6 Examples C, C ++, Java compilers. GAS, GNU assemblers.

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Q.3. Differentiate between application software and system software
Ans.
System software
Software is a set of instructions of programs instructing a computer to do specific tasks, Software is basically a generic
term used to describe computer programs. In general Scripts, applications, programs and a set of instructions are all
terms often used to describe software.
Application software
Now the basis of language in which software is developed and platform which is required for its execution we can
classified software as in two divisions which are System soft and Application software.

Following are some basic differences between System software and Application software.

S.No. Key System Software Application Software

1 Definition System Software is the type of software On other hand Application Software is the type
which is the interface between application of software which runs as per user request. It
software and system. runs on the platform which is provided by
system software
2 Development System software are developed in low level While in case of Application software high level
Language language which is more compatible with language is used for their development as they
the system hardware in order to interact are developed as some specific purpose
with. software.
3 Usage System software is used for operating Application software is used by user to
computer hardware. perform specific task.
4 Installation They installed on the computer when While Application software are installed
operating system is installed. according to user's requirements.
5 User As mention in above points system On other hand in application software user can
Interaction software are specific to system hardware interacts with it as user interface is available in
so less or no user interaction available in this case.
case of system software.
6 Dependency System software can run independently, it Application software can’t run independently.
provides platform for running application They can’t run without the presence of system
software. software.
7 Examples Some examples are compiler, assembler, Some examples are word processor, web-
debugger, driver, etc. browser, media player, etc.

0.4. Describe artificial intelligence with examples.

Ans. Artificial Intelligence:
 Artificial Intelligence is based on simulating human intelligence in machines that can easily mimic and execute tasks
from simple to more complex operations.
 The term A.L. may also be referred to any machine that displays qualities associated with a human brain such as
learning, reasoning and problem solving A.I. is also used for Machine Learning.
 It learns from our daily routines and suggests us different options. Like google maps suggest the best ways for our
daily commute. A.I. is vastly used in scientific experiment, healthcare and space technologies.
 Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer or a robot controlled by a computer to do tasks that are usually
done by humans.
 Artificial Intelligence and machine learning are not the same, but they are closely related Machine learning is the
method to train a computer to learn from its inputs but without explicit programming for every circumstance
Machine learning helps a computer to achieve artificial intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence Examples:

 Manufacturing robots * Smart assistants * Proactive healthcare management.
 Disease mapping. * Automated financial investing. * Virtual travel booking agent.
 Social media monitoring * Inter-team chat tool.

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Robots:
 Robots are the machines that can be controlled by a computer and are capable of carrying out a complex series of
actions automatically.
 Robots can be controlled by an external control device or through programming.
 Robotics deals with designing, creating and programming of the robot and enhancing it by taking sensory feedback
and processing information.
 Robots are commonly used in manufacturing, industry, science, medicine and education.

Q.5 Discuss Impact and Non-Impact Printers with examples.

Ans.
Impact Printers
Impact printers are printers which works by creating a direct contact between ink ribbons and paper. These printers are
noisy yet popular. They have mechanical moving parts to conduct printing. Examples: Dot-matrix printers, Daisy-Wheel
printers and line printers.

Non-Impact Printers:
Non-Impact printers don't uses any direct contact between ink ribbon and paper. They use laser, Xerographic,
electrostatic and chemical or inkjet technology. These printers are less noisy and don't have mechanical moving parts to
conduct printing. Examples: Inkjet printers and Laser printers.

Q.6 Write the use of these storage devices: Hard Disk, USB Flash Disk, SD Card.
Ans.
1. Hard Disk:
A Hard disk drive (also known as a hard drive, HD, or HDD) can be found installed in every desktop computer and laptop.
It stores files for the operating system and software programs, as well as user documents, such as photographs, text
files, videos and audio. The hard drive uses magnetic storage to record and retrieve digital information to and from one
or more fast-spinning disks.
Uses: * Desktop computers * TV and satellite recorders * Laptop computers *Servers and mainframes
*Portable (external) drives are sometimes used to backup home computers or transfer large files.

2. USB Flash Drive:

Also known as a thumb drive, pen drive, flash-drive, memory stick, jump drive, and USB stick, the USB flash drive is a
flash memory data storage device that incorporates an integrated USB interface. Flash memory is generally more
efficient and reliable than optical media, being smaller, faster, and possessing much greater storage capacity, as well as
being more durable due to a lack of moving parts.
Uses: * USB memory sticks - saving and transferring documents etc.
* They're lightweight and small so we can bring a thumb drive anywhere we go.

3. Secure Digital Card (SD Card):

A common type of memory card, SD cards are used in multiple electronic devices, including digital cameras and mobile
phones. Although there are different sizes, classes and capacities available, they all use a rectangular design with one
side "chipped off” to prevent the card from being inserted into the camera or other device the wrong way.
Uses: * SD and micro SD memory cards are often used to record and store photos, music, videos, apps and files.

Q7. Which monitor will you prefer in your school, CRT or FPD? Why?
Ans.
CRT Monitors:
Cathode ray tube (CRT) technology has been in use for more than 100 years, and is found in most televisions and
computer monitors. A CRT works by moving an electron beam back and forth across the back of the screen. Each time
the beam makes a pass across the screen, it lights up phosphor dots on the inside of the glass tube, thereby illuminating
the active portions of the screen. By drawing many such lines from the top to the bottom of the screen, it creates an
entire screen of images.

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LCD/Flat panel monitors:
LCD displays use two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed
through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a
shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light. Color LCD displays use two basic techniques for
producing color: Passive matrix is the less expensive of the two technologies.
Flat panel displays are becoming a viable option. We keep a flat panel display monitor in schools because it is very
portable for computer labs.

Q.8. List any five components present on motherboard.

Ans.
Motherboard
The motherboard is the main board which connects different parts of computer. It includes the following general
components: Microprocessor (CPU), Slots, Ports, Buses, RAM, ROM.

1. SLOTS:
An opening in a computer where you can insert a printed circuit board. Slots are often called expansion slots because
they allow you to expand the capabilities of a computer. The boards you insert in expansion slots are called expansion
boards or add-on boards.
Alternatively referred to as a bus slot or expansion port, an expansion slot is connection or port located inside a computer
on the motherboard or riser board that allows a computer hardware expansion card to be connected.

2. PORTS:
A Computer Port is an interface or a point of connection between the computer and its peripheral devices. There are
two types of ports.
i. Serial port:
A serial port is able to transmit a single stream of data at a time. A serial port sends a data bit by bit after sending a bit
at a time. Serial Porta provide an interface to connect serial lines to prepare a serial communication. Serial ports are
typically used in modem, mouse and security.

ii. Parallel port:

A parallel port is able to transmit multiple data streams at a time. A parallel port sends data by sending multiple bits in
parallel fashion. Parallel ports provide an interface to connect multiple lines to prepare a parallel communication to send
large data at a time. Parallel ports are used in connecting printers, hard-drives.

3. BUSES:
In computer, Buses are the electric paths on which data is sent and received by different components. They are just like
roads. As roads connect different places, buses connect all the parts of the computer to each other. They also connect
all internal components on the motherboard.
There are three types of buses; control bus, data bus and address bus.
i. Control Bus: Control Bus carries command between different components to control all activities in a computer.
2. Data Bus: Data Bus carries data between the processor, memory unit and other components.
3. Address Bus: Address Bus carries the address of the data (but not the data), the address bus is used to specify memory
location to be used by micro process for specific operation.

4. RAM:
RAM is Random Access Memory. RAM is volatile, means it loses its contents as the power supply is disconnected. This is
used to store data and instructions temporarily.
RAM is one of the most fundamental elements of computing. RAM is the superfast and temporary data storage space
that a computer needs to access right now or in the next few moments.

5. ROM:
Rom is the read only memory. It is permanent memory. ROM is quite small in capacity. It stores the major setting of
computer permanently.
It is a flash memory chip that contains a small amount of non-volatile memory. Non-volatile means that its contents
cannot be changed and it retains its memory after the computer is turned off.
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